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View article: Optimizing EEG ICA Decomposition with Machine Learning: A CNN-Based Alternative to EEGLAB for Fast and Scalable Brain Activity Analysis
Optimizing EEG ICA Decomposition with Machine Learning: A CNN-Based Alternative to EEGLAB for Fast and Scalable Brain Activity Analysis Open
Electroencephalography (EEG) provides excellent temporal resolution for brain activity analysis but limited spatial resolution at the sensors, making source unmixing essential. Our objective is to enable accurate brain activity analysis fr…
View article: Automatic Calculation of Average Power in Electroencephalography Signals for Enhanced Detection of Brain Activity and Behavioral Patterns
Automatic Calculation of Average Power in Electroencephalography Signals for Enhanced Detection of Brain Activity and Behavioral Patterns Open
Precise analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is critical for advancing the understanding of neurological conditions and mapping brain activity. However, accurately visualizing brain regions and behavioral patterns from neural sig…
View article: Efficient Detection of Mind Wandering During Reading Aloud Using Blinks, Pitch Frequency, and Reading Rate
Efficient Detection of Mind Wandering During Reading Aloud Using Blinks, Pitch Frequency, and Reading Rate Open
Mind wandering is a common issue among schoolchildren and academic students, often undermining the quality of learning and teaching effectiveness. Current detection methods mainly rely on eye trackers and electrodermal activity (EDA) senso…
View article: High-Performance O-Band Angled Multimode Interference Splitter with Buried Silicon Nitride Waveguide for Advanced Data Center Optical Networks
High-Performance O-Band Angled Multimode Interference Splitter with Buried Silicon Nitride Waveguide for Advanced Data Center Optical Networks Open
Many current 1 × 2 splitter couplers based on multimode interference (MMI) face difficulties such as significant back reflection and limited flexibility in waveguide segmentation at the output, which necessitate the addition of transitiona…
View article: Enhancing Real-Time Emotion Recognition in Classroom Environments Using Convolutional Neural Networks: A Step Towards Optical Neural Networks for Advanced Data Processing
Enhancing Real-Time Emotion Recognition in Classroom Environments Using Convolutional Neural Networks: A Step Towards Optical Neural Networks for Advanced Data Processing Open
In contemporary academic settings, end-of-semester student feedback on a lecturer’s teaching abilities often fails to provide a comprehensive, real-time evaluation of their proficiency, and becomes less relevant with each new cohort of stu…
View article: Cognitive State Classification Using Convolutional Neural Networks on Gamma-Band EEG Signals
Cognitive State Classification Using Convolutional Neural Networks on Gamma-Band EEG Signals Open
This study introduces a novel methodology for classifying cognitive states using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on electroencephalography (EEG) data of 41 students, aimed at streamlining the traditionally labor-intensive analysis pro…
View article: Design of All-Optical D Flip Flop Memory Unit Based on Photonic Crystal
Design of All-Optical D Flip Flop Memory Unit Based on Photonic Crystal Open
This paper proposes a unique configuration for an all-optical D Flip Flop (D-FF) utilizing a quasi-square ring resonator (RR) and T-Splitter, as well as NOT and OR logic gates within a 2-dimensional square lattice photonic crystal (PC) str…
View article: A 1 × 8 Optical Splitter Based on Polycarbonate Multicore Polymer Optical Fibers
A 1 × 8 Optical Splitter Based on Polycarbonate Multicore Polymer Optical Fibers Open
Visible light communication (VLC) is becoming more relevant due to the accelerated advancement of optical fibers. Polymer optical fiber (POF) technology appears to be a solution to the growing demand for improved transmission efficiency an…
View article: Data Center Four-Channel Multimode Interference Multiplexer Using Silicon Nitride Technology
Data Center Four-Channel Multimode Interference Multiplexer Using Silicon Nitride Technology Open
The operation of a four-channel multiplexer, utilizing multimode interference (MMI) wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology, can be designed through the cascading of MMI couplers or by employing angled MMI couplers. However, conv…
View article: WDM C-band four channel demultiplexer using cascaded multimode interference on SiN strip waveguide structure
WDM C-band four channel demultiplexer using cascaded multimode interference on SiN strip waveguide structure Open
Back reflection challenges significantly constrain the efficiency of optical communication networks employing dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technology, particularly those based on Silicon (Si) Multimode Interference (MMI) w…
View article: Optimizations of Double Titanium Nitride Thermo-Optic Phase-Shifter Heaters Using SOI Technology
Optimizations of Double Titanium Nitride Thermo-Optic Phase-Shifter Heaters Using SOI Technology Open
A commercial thermo-optic phase shifter (TOPS) is an efficient solution to the imbalance problem in the fabrication process of Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) arms. The TOPS consumes electrical power and transforms it into thermal energy, whi…
View article: Photonic Crystal Flip-Flops: Recent Developments in All Optical Memory Components
Photonic Crystal Flip-Flops: Recent Developments in All Optical Memory Components Open
This paper reviews recent advancements in all-optical memory components, particularly focusing on various types of all-optical flip-flops (FFs) based on photonic crystal (PC) structures proposed in recent years. PCs, with their unique opti…
View article: O-Band Grating Couplers Using Silicon Nitride Structures
O-Band Grating Couplers Using Silicon Nitride Structures Open
To test silicon photonics component performances, a silicon (Si) grating coupler (GC) is used to couple the light from a single-mode fiber (SMF) into the chip. However, silicon nitride (Si3N4) waveguides have recently become more popular f…
View article: An Optical 1×4 Power Splitter Based on Silicon–Nitride MMI Using Strip Waveguide Structures
An Optical 1×4 Power Splitter Based on Silicon–Nitride MMI Using Strip Waveguide Structures Open
This paper presents a new design for a 1 × 4 optical power splitter using multimode interference (MMI) coupler in silicon nitride (Si3N4) strip waveguide structures. The main functionality of the proposed design is to use Si3N4 for dealing…
View article: A Compact Polarization MMI Combiner Using Silicon Slot-Waveguide Structures
A Compact Polarization MMI Combiner Using Silicon Slot-Waveguide Structures Open
The study of designing a compact transverse electric (TE)/transverse magnetic (TM) polarization multimode interference (MMI) combiner based on silicon slot-waveguide technology is proposed for solving the high demands for high-speed abilit…
View article: Design of All-Optical Logic Half-Adder Based on Photonic Crystal Multi-Ring Resonator
Design of All-Optical Logic Half-Adder Based on Photonic Crystal Multi-Ring Resonator Open
In this paper, a novel design of an all-optical half-adder (HA) based on two two-ring resonators in a two-dimensional square-lattice photonic crystal (PC) structure without nonlinear materials is proposed. The all-optical HA comprises AND …
View article: A Two-Channel Silicon Nitride Multimode Interference Coupler with Low Back Reflection
A Two-Channel Silicon Nitride Multimode Interference Coupler with Low Back Reflection Open
Optical communication systems based on silicon (Si) multimode interference (MMI) wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technology can suffer from back reflection. This undesirable characteristic causes losses and is a key problem that can…
View article: Combining Four Gaussian Lasers Using Silicon Nitride MMI Slot Waveguide Structure
Combining Four Gaussian Lasers Using Silicon Nitride MMI Slot Waveguide Structure Open
Transceivers that function under a high-speed rate (over 200 Gb/s) need to have more optical power ability to overcome the power losses which is a reason for using a larger RF line connected to a Mach–Zehnder modulator for obtaining high d…
View article: 1 × 4 Wavelength Demultiplexer C-Band Using Cascaded Multimode Interference on SiN Buried Waveguide Structure
1 × 4 Wavelength Demultiplexer C-Band Using Cascaded Multimode Interference on SiN Buried Waveguide Structure Open
Back reflection losses are a key problem that limits the performances of optical communication systems that work on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology based on silicon (Si) Multimode Interference (MMI) waveguides. In order t…
View article: O-Band Multimode Interference Coupler Power Combiner Using Slot-Waveguide Structures
O-Band Multimode Interference Coupler Power Combiner Using Slot-Waveguide Structures Open
Photonic transmitters that operate with a high data transfer rate (over 150 Gb/s) at the O-band range (1260–1360 nm) require at least 100 milliwatts of power to overcome the power losses that are caused by using high-speed modulators. A la…
View article: A Three Demultiplexer C-Band Using Angled Multimode Interference in GaN–SiO2 Slot Waveguide Structures
A Three Demultiplexer C-Band Using Angled Multimode Interference in GaN–SiO2 Slot Waveguide Structures Open
One of the most common techniques for increasing data bitrate using the telecommunication system is to use dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM). However, the implementation of DWDM with more channels requires additional waveguide …
View article: A Four Green TM/Red TE Demultiplexer Based on Multi Slot-Waveguide Structures
A Four Green TM/Red TE Demultiplexer Based on Multi Slot-Waveguide Structures Open
A four green transverse magnetic (TM)/red transverse electric (TE) light wavelength demultiplexer device, based on multi slot-waveguide (SW) structures is demonstrated. The device aims to demultiplex wavelengths in the green/red light rang…
View article: Which LiFi's apps may fit mostly to 5G and beyond-5G Technology?
Which LiFi's apps may fit mostly to 5G and beyond-5G Technology? Open
LiFi technologies are expected to be an integrated part of future broadband wireless technologies. However, it is still not fully clear which apps will fit and benefit future 5G and beyond-5G. The purpose of this paper is to retrieve throu…
View article: RGB Demultiplexer Based on Multicore Polymer Optical Fiber
RGB Demultiplexer Based on Multicore Polymer Optical Fiber Open
Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is a good solution for increasing data bitrate communication of multicore polymer optical fiber (MC-POF) based visible light communication (VLC) system. However, this solution requires adding more opt…
View article: An Eight-Channel C-Band Demux Based on Multicore Photonic Crystal Fiber
An Eight-Channel C-Band Demux Based on Multicore Photonic Crystal Fiber Open
A novel eight-channel demux device based on multicore photonic crystal fiber (PCF) structures that operate in the C-band range (1530–1565 nm) has been demonstrated. The PCF demux design is based on replacing some air-hole areas with lithiu…
View article: An 8-Channel C-Band Demux Based on Multicore Photonic Crystal Fiber
An 8-Channel C-Band Demux Based on Multicore Photonic Crystal Fiber Open
A novel 8-channel demux device based on multicore photonic crystal fiber (PCF) structures that operate at C-band range (1530-1565nm) has been demonstrated. The PCF demux design is based on replacing some air-holes areas with lithium niobat…
View article: A Scalable and License Free 5G Internet of Radio Light Architecture for Services in Homes & Businesses
A Scalable and License Free 5G Internet of Radio Light Architecture for Services in Homes & Businesses Open
In this paper we present a 5G Internet Radio-Light (IoRL) architecture for homes that can be readily deployed because it utilizes unlicensed visible light and millimeter wave part of the spectrum, which does not require Mobile Network Oper…