Explanipedia

Extending SiPM dynamic range with non-linear response correction: the single-step method Open

M. Antonello, L. Brinkmann, Tillmann Freund, E. Garutti, Kai Neumann , et al. · 2025

Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) exhibit a non-linear response when exposed to high light levels due both to the finite number of available pixels (cells) and to their operation in Geiger mode, which together limit their effective dynamic …

The ILD Detector: A Versatile Detector for an Electron-Positron Collider at Energies up to 1 TeV Open

H. Abramowicz, D Ahmadi, J. Alcaraz Maestre, Oscar Alonso, L. Andricek , et al. · 2025

The International Large Detector, ILD, is a detector concept for an experiment at a future high energy lepton collider. The detector has been optimised for precision physics in a range of energies from 90~GeV to about 1~TeV. ILD features a…

First Search for Axion Dark Matter with a MADMAX Prototype Open

NULL AUTHOR_ID, D. Bergermann, A. Caldwell, Vipul Dabhi, C. Diaconu , et al. · 2025

This Letter presents the first search for dark matter axions with mass in the ranges 76.56 to 76.82 μeV and 79.31 to 79.53 μeV using a prototype setup for the MAgnetized Disk and Mirror Axion eXperiment (MADMAX). The experimental setup e…

First Search for Dark Photon Dark Matter with a madmax Prototype Open

J. Egge, D. Leppla-Weber, S. Knirck, B. Ary dos Santos Garcia, D. Bergermann , et al. · 2025

We report the first result from a dark photon dark matter search in the mass range from 78.62 to 83.95 μeV/c2 with a dielectric haloscope prototype for (Magnetized Disc and Mirror Axion eXperiment). Putative dark photons would convert to …

Enhancing European Cooperation in the Search for Dark Matter Open

B. Andrieu, T. Behnke, Philip Bechtle, X. Bertou, José Busto , et al. · 2025

The search for dark matter is an exciting topic that is pursued in different communities over a wide range of masses and using a variety of experimental approaches. The result is a strongly correlated matrix of activities across Europe and…

Is the gain–voltage dependence of SiPMs linear? Open

M. Antonello, L. Brinkmann, E. Garutti, R. Klanner, J. Schwandt · 2025

First Search for Axion Dark Matter with a MADMAX Prototype Open

Berenice García, D. Bergermann, A. Caldwell, Vipul Dabhi, C. Diaconu , et al. · 2025

This Letter presents the first search for dark matter axions with mass in the ranges 76.56 to 76.82 μeV and 79.31 to 79.53 μeV using a prototype setup for the MAgnetized Disk and Mirror Axion eXperiment (MADMAX). The experimental setup emp…

Is the gain-voltage dependence of SiPMs linear? Open

M. Antonello, L. Brinkmann, E. Garutti, R. Klanner, J. Schwandt · 2024

The gain-voltage dependence for SiPMs from V. Chmill et al., Study of the breakdown voltage of SiPMs, is reanalyzed and a non-linearity at the sub-percent level is observed. Simulations show that he non-linearity can be explained by the in…

First mechanical realization of a tunable dielectric haloscope for the MADMAX axion search experiment Open

B. Ary dos Santos Garcia, D. Bergermann, A. Caldwell, Vipul Dabhi, C. Diaconu , et al. · 2024

MADMAX, a future experiment to search for axion dark matter, is based on a novel detection concept called the dielectric haloscope. It consists of a booster composed of several dielectric disks positioned with μm precision. A prototype com…

Shower separation in five dimensions for highly granular calorimeters using machine learning Open

S. Lai, J. Utehs, A. Wilhahn, M. C. Fouz, O. Bach , et al. · 2024

To achieve state-of-the-art jet energy resolution for Particle Flow, sophisticated energy clustering algorithms must be developed that can fully exploit available information to separate energy deposits from charged and neutral particles. …

Precision determination of the track-position resolution of beam telescopes Open

M. Antonello, L. Eikelmann, E. Garutti, R. Klanner, J. Schwandt , et al. · 2024

Beam tests using tracking telescopes are a standard method for determining the spatial resolution of detectors. This requires the precise knowledge of the position resolution of beam tracks reconstructed at the Device Under Test (DUT). A m…

Determination of Self-Heating in Silicon Photomultipliers Open

E. Garutti, Stephan Martens, J. Schwandt, Carmen Villalba-Pedro · 2024

The main consequence of radiation damage on a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) is a significant increase in the dark current. If the SiPM is not adequately cooled, the power dissipation causes it to heat up, which alters its performance para…

Software compensation for highly granular calorimeters using machine learning Open

S. Lai, J. Utehs, A. Wilhahn, O. Bach, E. Brianne , et al. · 2024

A neural network for software compensation was developed for the highly granular CALICE Analogue Hadronic Calorimeter (AHCAL). The neural network uses spatial and temporal event information from the AHCAL and energy information, which is e…

Experimental determination of axion signal power of dish antennas and dielectric haloscopes using the reciprocity approach Open

J. Egge, M. Ekmedžić, A. Gardikiotis, E. Garutti, S. Heyminck , et al. · 2024

The reciprocity approach is a powerful method to determine the expected signal power of axion haloscopes in a model-independent way. Especially for open and broadband setups like the MADMAX dielectric haloscope the sensitivity to the axion…

Investigations of self-heating effects in Silicon-Photomultipliers Open

E. Garutti, Stephan Martens, J. Schwandt, Carmen Villalba-Pedro · 2024

The main consequence of radiation damage on a Silicon-Photomultiplier (SiPM) is a significant increase in the dark current. If the SiPM is not adequately cooled, the power dissipation causes it to heat up, which in turn affects its perform…

Correcting the Non-Linear Response of Silicon Photomultipliers Open

L. Brinkmann, E. Garutti, Stephan Martens, J. Schwandt · 2024

The finite number of pixels in a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) limits its dynamic range to light pulses up to typically 80% of the total number of pixels in a device. Correcting the non-linear response is essential to extend the SiPM’s dy…

Investigation of high resistivity -type FZ silicon diodes after 60Co -irradiation Open

Chuan Liao, E. Fretwurst, E. Garutti, J. Schwandt, Ioana Pintilie , et al. · 2024

First mechanical realization of a tunable dielectric haloscope for the MADMAX axion search experiment Open

B. Ary dos Santos Garcia, D. Bergermann, A. Caldwell, Vipul Dabhi, C. Diaconu , et al. · 2024

MADMAX, a future experiment to search for axion dark matter,is based on a novel detection concept called the dielectrichaloscope. It consists of a booster composed of several dielectricdisks positioned with μm precision. A prototype compos…

Experimental determination of axion signal power of dish antennas and dielectric haloscopes using the reciprocity approach Open

J. Egge, M. Ekmedžić, A. Gardikiotis, E. Garutti, S. Heyminck , et al. · 2023

The reciprocity approach is a powerful method to determine the expected signal power of axion haloscopes in a model-independent way. Especially for open and broadband setups like the MADMAX dielectric haloscope the sensitivity to the axion…

Design, construction and commissioning of a technological prototype of a highly granular SiPM-on-tile scintillator-steel hadronic calorimeter Open

A. White, J. S. Yu, G. Eigen, J. Zalieckas, D. Dannheim , et al. · 2023

The CALICE collaboration is developing highly granular electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters for detectors at future energy frontier electron-positron colliders. After successful tests of a physics prototype, a technological prototype …

Qualification of piezo-electric actuators for the MADMAX booster system at cryogenic temperatures and high magnetic fields Open

E. Garutti, H. K. Janssen, D. Kreikemeyer-Lorenzo, C. Krieger, A. Lindner , et al. · 2023

We report on the qualification of a piezo-based linear stage for the manipulation of positions of dielectric discs in the booster of the MADMAX axion dark matter search experiment. A first demonstrator of the piezo drives, specifically dev…

Investigation of the Boron removal effect induced by 5.5 MeV electrons on highly doped EPI- and Cz-silicon Open

Chuan Liao, E. Fretwurst, E. Garutti, J. Schwandt, Л. Ф. Макаренко , et al. · 2023

Investigation of high resistivity p-type FZ silicon diodes after 60Co γ-irradiation Open

Chuan Liao, E. Fretwurst, E. Garutti, J. Schwandt, Ioana Pintilie , et al. · 2023

In this work, the effects of $^\text{60}$Co $γ$-ray irradiation on high resistivity $p$-type diodes have been investigated. The diodes were exposed to dose values of 0.1, 0.2, 1, and \SI{2}{\mega Gy}. Both macroscopic ($I$--$V$, $C$--$V$) …

Investigation of the Boron removal effect induced by 5.5 MeV electrons on highly doped EPI- and Cz-silicon Open

Liao Chuan, E. Fretwurst, E. Garutti, J. Schwandt, Л. Ф. Макаренко , et al. · 2023

This study focuses on the properties of the B$_\text{i}$O$_\text{i}$ (interstitial Boron~-~interstitial Oxygen) and C$_\text{i}$O$_\text{i}$ (interstitial Carbon~-~interstitial Oxygen) defect complexes by \SI{5.5}{\mega\electronvolt} elect…

SiPM Signal Processing via Multiple Linear Regression Open

Wolfgang Schmailzl, C. Piemonte, E. Garutti, W. Hänsch · 2023

This paper presents a novel approach using multiple linear regression to process transient signals from silicon photomultipliers. The method provides excellent noise suppression and pulse detection in scenarios with a high pulse count rate…

PeakOTron: A Python Module for Fitting Charge Spectra of Silicon Photomultipliers Open

Jack Rolph, E. Garutti, R. Klanner, Tobias Quadfasel, J. Schwandt · 2023

A Python program has been developed which fits a published detector-response model to SiPM charge spectra to characterise SiPMs. Spectra for SiPMs illuminated by low intensity pulsed light with Poisson-distributed number of photons and a t…

Qualification of piezo-electric actuators for the MADMAX booster system at cryogenic temperatures and high magnetic fields Open

E. Garutti, H. K. Janssen, D. Kreikemeyer-Lorenzo, C. Krieger, A. Lindner , et al. · 2023

We report on the qualification of a piezo-based linear stage for the manipulation of positions of dielectric discs in the booster of the MADMAX axion dark matter search experiment. A first demonstrator of the piezo drives, specifically dev…

Study of depth-dependent charge collection profiles in irradiated pad diodes Open

Mohammadtaghi Hajheidari, M. Antonello, E. Garutti, R. Klanner, J. Schwandt , et al. · 2022

In this work, charge collection profiles of non-irradiated and irradiated 150 $μ$m $p$-type pad diodes were measured using a 5.2 GeV electron beam traversing the diode parallel to the readout electrode. Four diodes were irradiated to 1 MeV…

Radiation Hardness of a Wide Spectral Range SiPM with Quasi-Spherical Junction Open

Julius Römer, E. Garutti, Wolfgang Schmailzl, J. Schwandt, Stephan Martens · 2022

New pixel geometries are on the rise to achieve high sensitivity in near-infrared wavelengths with silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). We test prototypes of the tip avalanche photo-diodes, which feature a quasi-spherical p-n junction and a h…

Radiation damage uniformity in a SiPM Open

O. Bychkova, E. Garutti, E. Popova, A. Stifutkin, S. Martens , et al. · 2022

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