William E. Whitehead
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View article: Diffusion Weighted Imaging of the spinal cord in children after a prenatal myelomeningocele repair
Diffusion Weighted Imaging of the spinal cord in children after a prenatal myelomeningocele repair Open
Background Little is known about the impact of spinal cord microstructural alterations after prenatal myelomeningocele (MMC) repair and their association with neurological outcomes. Objective To assess spinal cord diffusivity using diffusi…
View article: Development and Validation of a Bowel Diary for Fecal Incontinence: Comparison With a Questionnaire
Development and Validation of a Bowel Diary for Fecal Incontinence: Comparison With a Questionnaire Open
Background and Aims Bowel diaries are used to characterize the severity of fecal incontinence (FI) but have not been adequately validated for this purpose. Our aims were to validate a new bowel diary and to compare the characteristics of F…
View article: Functional Dyspepsia and Its Subgroups: Prevalence and Impact in the Rome IV Global Epidemiology Study
Functional Dyspepsia and Its Subgroups: Prevalence and Impact in the Rome IV Global Epidemiology Study Open
Background Functional dyspepsia (FD) is one of the most common disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI). Varying reported population prevalences probably reflect different definitions and methodological approaches. Aim To study the preval…
View article: The Gaussian-Multinoulli Restricted Boltzmann Machine: A Potts Model Extension of the GRBM
The Gaussian-Multinoulli Restricted Boltzmann Machine: A Potts Model Extension of the GRBM Open
Many real-world tasks, from associative memory to symbolic reasoning, demand discrete, structured representations that standard continuous latent models struggle to express naturally. We introduce the Gaussian-Multinoulli Restricted Boltzm…
View article: Complex and Bidirectional Interplay Between Marital Quality, Catastrophizing, Psychological Dysfunction, and Quality of Life in Married Malay Women With Disorder of Gut–Brain Interactions
Complex and Bidirectional Interplay Between Marital Quality, Catastrophizing, Psychological Dysfunction, and Quality of Life in Married Malay Women With Disorder of Gut–Brain Interactions Open
Background Disorders of gut–brain interactions (DGBI) affect more women, and marital quality may have been a factor that explains clinical manifestations of DGBI—however, the mechanism is unclear. This study aimed to elucidate supported re…
View article: Biofeedback efficacy for outlet dysfunction constipation: Clinical outcomes and predictors of response by a limited approach
Biofeedback efficacy for outlet dysfunction constipation: Clinical outcomes and predictors of response by a limited approach Open
BACKGROUND: Functional defecation disorders (FDD) are a common etiology of refractory chronic constipation (CC). FDD diagnosis (dyssynergic defecation [DD] and inadequate defecatory propulsion [IDP]), requires diagnostic tests including an…
View article: Biofeedback efficacy for outlet dysfunction constipation: Clinical outcomes and predictors of response by a limited approach
Biofeedback efficacy for outlet dysfunction constipation: Clinical outcomes and predictors of response by a limited approach Open
Background Functional defecation disorders (FDD) are a common etiology of refractory chronic constipation (CC). FDD diagnosis (dyssynergic defecation [DD] and inadequate defecatory propulsion [IDP]), requires diagnostic tests including ano…
View article: Design of Treatment Trials for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Design of Treatment Trials for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Open
This article summarizes recent progress and regulatory guidance on design of trials to assess the efficacy of new therapies for functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). The double-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel-group design rem…
View article: Brief telephone-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy targeted to parents of children with functional abdominal pain
Brief telephone-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy targeted to parents of children with functional abdominal pain Open
Pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) are associated with increased health care utilization, school absences, and poor quality of life (QoL). Cost-effective and accessible interventions are needed. This multisite study test…
View article: EP07.07: Antenatal ultrasonographic prediction of gastrointestinal function in the setting of open neural tube defects
EP07.07: Antenatal ultrasonographic prediction of gastrointestinal function in the setting of open neural tube defects Open
grading is based on the Papile and Volpe Classifications used for preterm infants, which are based on the amount of intraventricular blood and ventricular size as measured by cranial ultrasound.However, in contrast to the acute IVH diagnos…
View article: OP10.06: Impact of surgical route on pedatric bowel function for open neural tube defects
OP10.06: Impact of surgical route on pedatric bowel function for open neural tube defects Open
Conclusions: There has been a steady improvement in detection of fetal defects in the first trimester over the last two decades.Subsequent to regular audits, introduction of newer markers has shown to significantly improve detection of spe…
View article: Face‐to‐face interviews versus Internet surveys: Comparison of two data collection methods in the Rome foundation global epidemiology study: Implications for population‐based research
Face‐to‐face interviews versus Internet surveys: Comparison of two data collection methods in the Rome foundation global epidemiology study: Implications for population‐based research Open
Background and Aims The Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study (RFGES) assessed the prevalence, burden, and associated factors of Disorders of Gut–Brain Interaction (DGBI) in 33 countries around the world. Achieving worldwide sampling n…
View article: CMOS-compatible Ising and Potts Annealing Using SinglePhoton Avalanche Diodes
CMOS-compatible Ising and Potts Annealing Using SinglePhoton Avalanche Diodes Open
Massively parallel annealing processors may offer superior performance for a wide range of sampling and optimization problems. A key component dictating the size of these processors is the neuron update circuit, ideally implemented using s…
View article: Superior verbal learning and memory in pediatric brain tumor survivors treated with proton versus photon radiotherapy.
Superior verbal learning and memory in pediatric brain tumor survivors treated with proton versus photon radiotherapy. Open
Results suggest that PRT is associated with verbal memory sparing, driven by effective encoding and use of learning strategies. Future work may help to clarify underlying neural mechanisms associated with verbal memory decline, which will …
View article: CMOS-compatible Ising and Potts Annealing Using Single Photon Avalanche Diodes
CMOS-compatible Ising and Potts Annealing Using Single Photon Avalanche Diodes Open
Massively parallel annealing processors may offer superior performance for a wide range of sampling and optimization problems. A key component dictating the size of these processors is the neuron update circuit, ideally implemented using s…
View article: Disorders of gut‐brain interaction: Highly prevalent and burdensome yet under‐taught within medical education
Disorders of gut‐brain interaction: Highly prevalent and burdensome yet under‐taught within medical education Open
Background and Objective To determine the population prevalence and associated health impairment of disorders of gut‐brain interaction (DGBI) across Great Britain, and the emphasis placed upon them within medical education. Methods An Inte…
View article: OTH-5 Functional gastrointestinal disorders and associated health impairment in individuals with coeliac disease
OTH-5 Functional gastrointestinal disorders and associated health impairment in individuals with coeliac disease Open
Introduction Individuals with coeliac disease (CD) can experience persisting gastrointestinal symptoms despite adhering to a gluten-free diet (GFD). This may be due to functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), although there is little…
View article: Health care utilization of individuals with Rome IV irritable bowel syndrome in the general population
Health care utilization of individuals with Rome IV irritable bowel syndrome in the general population Open
Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is highly prevalent worldwide but mechanisms for healthcare seeking behaviours in this patient group are poorly understood. Objective To describe healthcare utilization and identify factors associa…
View article: Is rectal pain sensitivity a biological marker for irritable bowel syndrome: Psychological influences on pain perception
Is rectal pain sensitivity a biological marker for irritable bowel syndrome: Psychological influences on pain perception Open
Background & Aims: Rectal pain sensitivity has been called a biological marker for irritable bowel syndrome, but this conclusion may be premature. This article is a critical review of the evidence for psychological influences on perception…
View article: Systematic review of the comorbidity of irritable bowel syndrome with other disorders: What are the causes and implications?
Systematic review of the comorbidity of irritable bowel syndrome with other disorders: What are the causes and implications? Open
Background & Aims: Comorbid or extraintestinal symptoms occur frequently with irritable bowel syndrome and account for up to three fourths of excess health care visits. This challenges the assumption that irritable bowel is a distinct diso…
View article: Control groups appropriate for behavioral interventions
Control groups appropriate for behavioral interventions Open
There are 4 sources of bias in clinical trials: investigator bias, patient expectation (placebo response), ascertainment bias (inadvertent selection of an unrepresentative sample), and nonspecific effects such as the normal waxing and wani…
View article: Biofeedback Benefits Only Patients With Outlet Dysfunction, Not Patients With Isolated Slow Transit Constipation
Biofeedback Benefits Only Patients With Outlet Dysfunction, Not Patients With Isolated Slow Transit Constipation Open
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Biofeedback is reported to be as effective for slow transit constipation as for pelvic floor dyssynergia and no more effective than education. We aimed to test the hypothesis that biofeedback benefits only patients with …
View article: Effect of Abuse History on Pain Reports and Brain Responses to Aversive Visceral Stimulation: An fMRI Study
Effect of Abuse History on Pain Reports and Brain Responses to Aversive Visceral Stimulation: An fMRI Study Open
Abuse history is common in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and is associated with greater pain reporting, psychologic distress, and poorer health outcome. These effects may be mediated by enhanced responses to aversive visceral stimuli. We …
View article: AGA technical review on irritable bowel syndrome
AGA technical review on irritable bowel syndrome Open
The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is part of the larger group of functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders that, despite differences in location and symptom patterns, share common features with regard to their motor and sensory physiolog…