Explanipedia

The Nature of Standing Plasma Waves Following Fast Breakdown in Thunderstorms Open

David Bennecke, Caitano L. da Silva, Seda Şenay, P. R. Krehbiel, M. A. Stanley , et al. · 2025

Narrow bipolar events (NBEs) are produced by large‐scale systems of streamer corona discharges that occur inside thunderstorms and radiate intensely at very‐high frequencies. Here we examine 14 high‐power NBEs recorded in Florida which are…

Spectral Hardness of X‐ and Gamma‐Ray Emissions From Lightning Stepped and Dart Leaders Open

Luis Contreras‐Vidal, James Sanchez, Caitano L. da Silva, Richard Sonnenfeld, G. D. Aulich , et al. · 2024

During the 2022 New Mexico monsoon season, we deployed two X‐ray scintillation detectors, coupled with a 180 MHz data acquisition system to detect X‐rays from natural lightning at the Langmuir Lab mountain‐top facility, located at 3.3 km a…

3D Geolocation of Simulated Lightning Sources from Low-Earth Orbit Open

Jackson Remington, Sonja A. Behnke, H. E. Edens, Patrick Gatlin, Timothy J. Lang , et al. · 2024

The recent removal of the Lightning Imaging Sensor from the International Space Station has left an observational gap in lightning detection from low-Earth orbit (LEO). However, new studies have demonstrated the potential for 3D geolocatio…

On the occurrence of volcanic lightning during vulcanian eruptions at Sakurajima volcano, Japan Open

André Geisler, Matthias Hort, Sonja A. Behnke, H. E. Edens, Taishi Yamada , et al. · 2024

Volcanic eruptions are enigmatic, not in the least because of volcanic lightning during eruptions, which is still not fully understood. In an effort to better constrain conditions under which electrical discharges occur, we use data from a…

CubeSpark: Space-based 3-D Lightning Mapping using a Constellation of Radio Frequency Sensors Open

Sonja A. Behnke, Kim Katko, H. E. Edens, Patrick Gatlin, Timothy J. Lang , et al. · 2024

CubeSpark is a new concept for a constellation of CubeSats that combines bi-spectral optical lightning imaging with radio frequency (RF) sensing to provide a 3-D lightning detection capability with global coverage from low-Earth Orbit. The…

Simulated Feasibility of 3-D Lightning Mapping From Space Open

Jackson Remington, Patrick Gatlin, Sarah M. Stough, Nikhil Pailoor, Sonja A. Behnke , et al. · 2024

In addition to the awe it inspires, lightning can illuminate the microphysical processes hidden away within deep convection. The current generation of space-based lightning mapping uses mostly 2-D optical imaging to connect overall flash c…

Detailed Streamer Observations & Modeling of a Nearby Negative Flash Open

Richard Sonnenfeld, Richard Sonnenfeld, Daniel Jensen, Luis Contreras Vidal, John Pantuso , et al. · 2023

(Revised) The streamer to leader transition defines much of the physics of long sparks near atmospheric pressures. Streamer length is an important parameter in understanding lightning protection because of its link to step length and strik…

Preliminary data on the energy distribution of X- and gamma-rays from natural lightning Open

Luis Contreras‐Vidal, James Sanchez, Caitano L. da Silva, Richard Sonnenfeld, G. D. Aulich , et al. · 2023

During the 2022 New Mexico monsoon season, we deployed two X-ray scintillation detectors, coupled with a 180 MHz data acquisition system to detect X-rays from natural lightning at the Langmuir Lab mountain-top facility, located at 3.3 km a…

Analysis of Narrow Bipolar Events Using Mode Decomposition Methods Open

Seda Şenay, P. R. Krehbiel, Caitano L. da Silva, H. E. Edens, David Bennecke , et al. · 2023

Multi‐resolution analysis methods can reveal the underlying physical dynamics of nonstationary signals, such as those from lightning. In this paper we demonstrate the application of two multi‐resolution analysis methods: Ensemble Empirical…

Polarity Asymmetries in Rocket‐Triggered Lightning Open

Caitano L. da Silva, W. P. Winn, Madeline Taylor, G. D. Aulich, S. J. Hunyady , et al. · 2023

The dissonant development of positive and negative lightning leaders is a central question in atmospheric electricity. It is also the likely root cause of other reported asymmetries between positive and negative lightning flashes, includin…

Two representative triggered lightning flashes recorded at Langmuir Lab and their polarity asymmetries Open

Caitano L. da Silva, W. P. Winn, Madeline Taylor, G. D. Aulich, S. J. Hunyady , et al. · 2023

This data set contains Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) and shunt current measurements for two representative triggered lightning flashes recorded at Langmuir Lab — one of each polarity. Use the script loadNplot_triggered_flash_zenodo.m to lo…

Two representative triggered lightning flashes recorded at Langmuir Lab and their polarity asymmetries Open

Caitano L. da Silva, W. P. Winn, Madeline Taylor, G. D. Aulich, S. J. Hunyady , et al. · 2023

This data set contains Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) and shunt current measurements for two representative triggered lightning flashes recorded at Langmuir Lab — one of each polarity. Use the script loadNplot_triggered_flash_zenodo.m to lo…

An Improved Method for Analyzing Broadband VHF Interferometer Lightning Observations Open

Xiangpeng Fan, P. R. Krehbiel, M. A. Stanley, W. Rison, H. E. Edens , et al. · 2023

Based on the very high-frequency (VHF) pulse signal detected by interferometer (INTF) antennas as the reference unit, a lightning location method based on pulse matching and peak extraction is proposed in this paper. The first key step of …

Analysis of Narrow Bipolar Events Using Mode Decomposition Methods Open

Seda Şenay, Caitano L. da Silva, P. R. Krehbiel, H. E. Edens, David Bennecke , et al. · 2022

All the data for generating figures of the paper "Analysis of Narrow Bipolar Events Using Mode Decomposition Methods" are presented here.The data NBE1.mat, NBE2.mat and NBE3.mat are from Rison et. al. (2016) with doi: 10.1038/ncomms10721(2…

Analysis of Narrow Bipolar Events Using Mode Decomposition Methods Open

Seda Şenay, Caitano L. da Silva, P. R. Krehbiel, H. E. Edens, David Bennecke , et al. · 2022

All the data for generating figures of the paper "Analysis of Narrow Bipolar Events Using Mode Decomposition Methods" are presented here.The data NBE1.mat, NBE2.mat and NBE3.mat are from Rison et. al. (2016) with doi: 10.1038/ncomms10721(2…

Discriminating Types of Volcanic Electrical Activity: Toward an Eruption Detection Algorithm Open

Sonja A. Behnke, H. E. Edens, James Theiler, D. Swanson, Seda Şenay , et al. · 2022

We present a method for classification of the two distinct types of electrical activity that occur during an explosive volcanic eruption: vent discharges and lightning. Vent discharges occur at the onset of an explosion and create a distin…

Dataset: Discriminating Types of Volcanic Electrical Activity Open

Sonja A. Behnke, H. E. Edens, Seda Şenay, Masato Iguchi, Daisuke Miki · 2021

This data set contains Lightning Mapping Array data and broadband VHF waveforms of electrical activity during three explosive eruptions of Sakurajima volcano in Japan in 2019 and 2020. The included README file contains pertinent informatio…

Dataset: Discriminating Types of Volcanic Electrical Activity Open

Sonja A. Behnke, H. E. Edens, Seda Şenay, Masato Iguchi, Daisuke Miki · 2021

This data set contains Lightning Mapping Array data and broadband VHF waveforms of electrical activity during three explosive eruptions of Sakurajima volcano in Japan in 2019 and 2020. The included README file contains pertinent informatio…

Observations Show Charge Density of Volcanic Plumes is Higher Than Thunderstorms Open

Sean Haley, Sonja A. Behnke, H. E. Edens, Ronald J. Thomas · 2021

We analyze slow electric field change and lightning mapping measurements to provide insight into the characteristics of volcanic lightning and the associated implications on charging processes and the charge structure of a Vulcanian erupti…

High-speed, high-fidelity radio imaging of lightning using the Long Wavelength Array at Sevilleta, New Mexico (LWA-SV). Open

Julia Tilles, Ningyu Liu, Jayce Dowell, G. B. Taylor, Paul G. Clem , et al. · 2021

break in their spectral index. We report DM measurements for 44 pulsars, mean flux density measurements for 36 pulsars, and multi-frequency component spacing and widths for 15 pulsars with more than one profile component. For 27 pulsars, w…

Radio Frequency Characteristics of Volcanic Lightning and Vent Discharges Open

Sonja A. Behnke, H. E. Edens, Seda Şenay, Masato Iguchi, Daisuke Miki · 2021

In this study, we analyze the pulse width and spectral content of vent discharges and volcanic lightning flashes. We made measurements of electrical activity with a broadband very high frequency antenna (20–80 MHz) during an explosive erup…

Timing Calibration and Windowing Technique Comparison for Lightning Mapping Arrays Open

B. M. Hare, H. E. Edens, P. R. Krehbiel, W. Rison, O. Schölten , et al. · 2021

Since their introduction 22 years ago, lightning mapping arrays (LMA) have played a central role in the investigation of lightning physics. Even in recent years with the proliferation of digital interferometers and the introduction of the …

Timing Calibration and Windowing Technique Comparison for Lightning Mapping Arrays Open

B. M. Hare, H. E. Edens, P. R. Krehbiel, W. Rison, O. Schölten , et al. · 2021

Earth and Space Science Open Archive This preprint has been submitted to and is under consideration at Earth and Space Science. ESSOAr is a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary.Learn more ab…

Impulsive Volcanic Plumes Generate Volcanic Lightning and Vent Discharges: A Statistical Analysis of Sakurajima Volcano in 2015 Open

Cassandra M. Smith, Damien Gaudin, Alexa R. Van Eaton, Sonja A. Behnke, Steven Reader , et al. · 2021

The origin of electrical activity accompanying volcanic ash plumes is an area of heightened interest in volcanology. However, it is unclear how intense an eruption needs to be to produce lightning flashes as opposed to “vent discharges,” w…

Dart‐Leader and K‐Leader Velocity From Initiation Site to Termination Time‐Resolved With 3D Interferometry Open

Daniel Jensen, Richard Sonnenfeld, M. A. Stanley, H. E. Edens, Caitano L. da Silva , et al. · 2021

Simultaneous data from two interferometers separated by 16 km and synchronized within 100 ns were collected for a thunderstorm near Langmuir Lab on October 23, 2018. Analysis via triangulation followed by a least squares fit to time of arr…

Dart-Leader and K-Leader Velocity From Initiation Site to Termination Time-Resolved with 3D Interferometry Open

Daniel Jensen, Richard Sonnenfeld, M. A. Stanley, H. E. Edens, Caitano L. da Silva , et al. · 2021

Earth and Space Science Open Archive This preprint has been submitted to and is under consideration at Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres. ESSOAr is a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be pre…

Supplementary Material for: Dart Leader and K Leader Velocity From Initiation Site to Termination Time-Resolved with 3D Interferometry Open

Daniel Jensen, Richard Sonnenfeld, M. A. Stanley, H. E. Edens, Caitano L. da Silva , et al. · 2021

This repository contains an animation and all of the code and data required to produce the figures and results in the paper titled "Dart Leader and K Leader Velocity From Initiation Site to Termination Time-Resolved with 3D Interferometry"…

Thunderstorm_Lower_Positive_Charge_Data Open

W. P. Winn, Jake Trueblood, K. Eack, H. E. Edens, E. M. Eastvedt , et al. · 2021

Data and instructions on how to produce the figures in an article titled "Thunderstorm lower positive charge and triggered negative lightning-leaders" to be submitted to the Journal of Geophysical Research, Atmospheres. Triggered negative …

Thunderstorm_Lower_Positive_Charge_Data Open

W. P. Winn, Jake Trueblood, K. Eack, H. E. Edens, E. M. Eastvedt , et al. · 2021

Data and instructions on how to produce the figures in an article titled "Thunderstorm lower positive charge and triggered negative lightning-leaders" to be submitted to the Journal of Geophysical Research, Atmospheres. Triggered negative …

Dataset: Radio Frequency Characteristics of Volcanic Lightning Open

Sonja A. Behnke, H. E. Edens, Seda Şenay, Masato Iguchi, Daisuke Miki · 2020

This data set contains broadband VHF waveforms of vent discharges and volcanic lightning flashes collected during an explosive eruption of Sakurajima volcano in Japan on November 8, 2019. Each file in the dataset is a 3 microsecond wavefor…

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