Chittaranjan Andrade
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View article: Comments on “The Efficacy and Durability of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy in the Treatment of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis”
Comments on “The Efficacy and Durability of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy in the Treatment of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis” Open
View article: Fixed Effect Versus Random Effects Models in Meta-analysis: As Simple as It Gets
Fixed Effect Versus Random Effects Models in Meta-analysis: As Simple as It Gets Open
This article presents a simple explanation of fixed-effect and random-effects models in meta-analysis. In summary, we use a fixed effect model when the studies to be pooled are largely similar in design, methods, and sample characteristics…
View article: The Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023: Implications for Mental Healthcare Practice in India
The Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023: Implications for Mental Healthcare Practice in India Open
View article: Prevalent User Bias in Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Studies: A Concept Simply Explained
Prevalent User Bias in Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Studies: A Concept Simply Explained Open
Prevalent user bias, such as in the context of treatment with medication, occurs when a medication-using sample is attenuated by the experience of medication use, separating the original sample into former users and continuing users (“prev…
View article: Immortal Time Bias in Cohort Studies: A Concept Simply Explained
Immortal Time Bias in Cohort Studies: A Concept Simply Explained Open
Immortal time bias is one of many types of bias that may flaw cohort studies. This bias occurs when formal observation of patients starts before they experience the exposure of interest, and when, by design, those who experience the outcom…
View article: Topical Sildenafil Cream for Female Sexual Arousal Disorder
Topical Sildenafil Cream for Female Sexual Arousal Disorder Open
View article: Lead Time Bias in Medicine and Psychiatry: A Concept Simply Explained
Lead Time Bias in Medicine and Psychiatry: A Concept Simply Explained Open
Screening for a disease typically results in earlier diagnosis and hence longer life lived with the disease. Earlier diagnosis permits earlier intervention, which is good if it improves functioning and quality of life from an earlier time …
View article: Gestational Exposure to Valproate and Autism Spectrum Disorder or Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Offspring: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Gestational Exposure to Valproate and Autism Spectrum Disorder or Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Offspring: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Open
Introduction Gestational exposure to valproate has been associated with a wide range of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including major congenital malformations in offspring. However, to date, no meta‐analysis has comprehensively examined the …
View article: Guidelines are merely guidelines
Guidelines are merely guidelines Open
View article: A Reconsideration of Small Sample Studies and Absence of Equipoise as Ethical Issues in Research
A Reconsideration of Small Sample Studies and Absence of Equipoise as Ethical Issues in Research Open
In studies such as randomized controlled trials (RCTs), ethical requirements, inter alia, are that the study should be powered to detect the smallest clinically significant difference between treatments, and that the treatment groups shoul…
View article: Labor analgesia and postpartum depression: Methodological and statistical issues
Labor analgesia and postpartum depression: Methodological and statistical issues Open
View article: Poorly Recognized and Uncommonly Acknowledged Limitations of Randomized Controlled Trials
Poorly Recognized and Uncommonly Acknowledged Limitations of Randomized Controlled Trials Open
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are a gold standard in evidence-based research. However, RCTs have limitations, among which the most commonly acknowledged is that narrow study selection criteria compromise the external validity of the …
View article: Acute antipsychotic-induced abnormal involuntary movements restricted to the platysma
Acute antipsychotic-induced abnormal involuntary movements restricted to the platysma Open
View article: Maternal Cannabis Use During Pregnancy and Maternal and Neonatal Adverse Outcomes
Maternal Cannabis Use During Pregnancy and Maternal and Neonatal Adverse Outcomes Open
Cannabis is a psychoactive substance the availability and use of which, in various forms, has been liberalized in many countries across the world. Cannabis use, including by women of reproductive age, has become increasingly common, with (…
View article: Comments on “Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Before and Twelve Months After Bariatric Surgery: Repeated Cross-sectional Study”
Comments on “Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Before and Twelve Months After Bariatric Surgery: Repeated Cross-sectional Study” Open
View article: Therapeutic Effects, Side Effects, and Adverse Effects of Neuropsychiatric Drugs in the Context of Treating Cancer-Related Anorexia With Olanzapine and Mirtazapine
Therapeutic Effects, Side Effects, and Adverse Effects of Neuropsychiatric Drugs in the Context of Treating Cancer-Related Anorexia With Olanzapine and Mirtazapine Open
Drugs have actions that may be classified as therapeutic effects and side effects; side effects are actions that do not contribute to therapeutic benefit. Some side effects are neutral; others, experienced as undesirable or unpleasant, are…
View article: Curiosities in a Table: Learning Points for Responsible Clinical Rating
Curiosities in a Table: Learning Points for Responsible Clinical Rating Open
This article presents a table containing redacted data from a real study. The table contains three curiosities: statistical significance in the absence of clinical significance, narrow standard deviations, and the absence of a placebo effe…
View article: Epilepsy, Antiepileptic Drugs, and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes, 1
Epilepsy, Antiepileptic Drugs, and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes, 1 Open
The age-standardized global prevalence of epilepsy is about 0.3% in women. Seizures are associated with morbidity and mortality risks; so, women with epilepsy (WWE) are usually advised antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment even during pregnan…
View article: Learning points from a study on cyberchondria
Learning points from a study on cyberchondria Open
To the Editor, In an online survey of cyberchondria and its correlates in medical and nonmedical students, Agrawal et al.[1] found that cyberchondria was associated with smartphone addiction, that it was more severe in nonmedical students,…
View article: Primary outcomes, secondary outcomes, and their relevance to how many papers are published from a study: A primer for authors, reviewers, and editors
Primary outcomes, secondary outcomes, and their relevance to how many papers are published from a study: A primer for authors, reviewers, and editors Open
In research, outcomes are often categorized as primary and secondary. The primary outcome is the most important one; it determines whether the study is considered ‘successful’ or not. Secondary outcomes are chosen because they provide supp…
View article: A review on the pharmacology of cariprazine and its role in the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia
A review on the pharmacology of cariprazine and its role in the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia Open
Management of negative symptoms is one of the most challenging and important unmet needs of schizophrenia treatment. Negative symptoms together with positive symptoms result in significant psychosocial impairment and poor quality of life. …
View article: Rating Patients in Different Languages: Reliability and Validity
Rating Patients in Different Languages: Reliability and Validity Open
Research outcomes in mental health disciplines are usually assessed using rating instruments that were developed as English language versions. However, in countries such as India, English is not the native language, and patients at even a …
View article: Is Pinpointing the Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction in Schizophrenia an Exercise in Impossibility?
Is Pinpointing the Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction in Schizophrenia an Exercise in Impossibility? Open
View article: Exposure of Pregnancy to Pregestational Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes, and Antidiabetic Medications With Especial Focus on Major Congenital and Cardiac Malformations in Offspring
Exposure of Pregnancy to Pregestational Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes, and Antidiabetic Medications With Especial Focus on Major Congenital and Cardiac Malformations in Offspring Open
The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing. T2DM is more common in patients with psychiatric disorders and those who take certain psychotropic drugs. T2DM occurs in 2%-7% of women of reproductive age. The preval…
View article: Use of the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale to assess depression in adolescents
Use of the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale to assess depression in adolescents Open
To the Editor, Khanna et al.[1] used the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) to assess depression and factors associated therewith among adolescents. We have several concerns about the appropriateness of their methods. First,…
View article: Depression, coping, and attempted suicide: Suggestions on issues related to data analysis
Depression, coping, and attempted suicide: Suggestions on issues related to data analysis Open
To the Editor Depression, coping, and attempted suicide are important topics of research in any society, and Saharia and Ghosh[1] studied these in Tezpur, Assam, during 2021–2022. Their study was discussed in eJournal Club India[2] in Janu…
View article: Understanding Factorial Designs, Main Effects, and Interaction Effects: Simply Explained with a Worked Example
Understanding Factorial Designs, Main Effects, and Interaction Effects: Simply Explained with a Worked Example Open
A factorial design examines the effects of two independent variables on a single, continuous dependent variable. The statistical test employed to analyze the data is a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). This test yields three results: a…
View article: Pandemic Restrictions and Weight Changes during Inpatient Care in an Intermediate Stay Unit in Patients with Severe Mental Illness
Pandemic Restrictions and Weight Changes during Inpatient Care in an Intermediate Stay Unit in Patients with Severe Mental Illness Open
Objective: Weight gain can harm health and be socially stigmatizing. We sought to determine whether weight gain during the inpatient stay, as collateral damage related to lockdown, was more in patients admitted during the lockdown in the f…
View article: Physical Exercise and Health, 6
Physical Exercise and Health, 6 Open
Sedentary behaviors are leisurely behaviors that occur during waking hours performed while lying down or seated; examples are relaxing, conversing, using a smartphone, watching television, traveling in private or public transport, and thin…
View article: Physical Exercise and Health, 5
Physical Exercise and Health, 5 Open
Medical and neuropsychiatric benefits associated with physical exercise and activity are well recognized. It is less well known that time spent in sedentary behaviors, such as television-viewing or sitting at a desk, are associated with ad…