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High-throughput cell-free profiling of SARS-CoV-2 RBD variants enables rapid and quantitative in vitro affinity landscape mapping Open

Laura Grasemann, Jiami Han, Julia Tischler, Fatemeh Arefi, mauricio macossay castillo , et al. · 2025

SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to threaten public health, necessitating the study of cumulative and epistatic effects of receptor-binding domain (RBD) mutations on antibody evasion. We present a high-throughput platform combining cell-free p…

Deep mutational learning for the selection of therapeutic antibodies resistant to the evolution of Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 Open

Lester Frei, Beichen Gao, Jiami Han, Joseph M. Taft, Edward B. Irvine , et al. · 2025

Most antibodies for treating COVID-19 rely on binding the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). However, Omicron and its sub-lineages, as well as other heavily mutated variants, have…

High-dose intravenous BCG vaccination induces enhanced immune signaling in the airways Open

Joshua M. Peters, Edward B. Irvine, Mohau S. Makatsa, Jacob M. Rosenberg, Marc H. Wadsworth , et al. · 2025

Intradermal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the most widely administered vaccine, but it does not sufficiently protect adults against pulmonary tuberculosis. Recent studies in nonhuman primates show that intravenous BCG administration of…

Antibody-Fab and -Fc features promoteMycobacterium tuberculosisrestriction Open

Patricia S. Grace, Joshua M. Peters, Jaimie Sixsmith, Richard Lu, Corinne Luedeman , et al. · 2024

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a leading cause of death by an infectious disease globally, with no efficacious vaccine. Antibodies are implicated in Mtb control, but the mechanisms of antibod…

Protein structure, a genetic encoding for glycosylation Open

Benjamin P. Kellman, Daniel R. Sandoval, Olga O. Zaytseva, Kelly P. Brock, Sabyasachi Baboo , et al. · 2024

DNA, RNA, and proteins are synthesized using template molecules, but glycosylation is not believed to be constrained by a template. However, if cellular environment is the only determinant of glycosylation, all sites should receive the sam…

Markov Field network model of multi-modal data predicts effects of immune system perturbations on intravenous BCG vaccination in macaques Open

Shu Wang, Amy J. Myers, Edward B. Irvine, Chuangqi Wang, Pauline Maiello , et al. · 2024

Summary Analysis of multi-modal datasets can identify multi-scale interactions underlying biological systems, but can be beset by spurious connections due to indirect impacts propagating through an unmapped biological network. For example,…

Distinctive antibody responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pulmonary and brain infection Open

Marianna Spatola, Nadège Nziza, Edward B. Irvine, Deniz Cizmeci, Wonyeong Jung , et al. · 2024

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), remains a global health burden. While M. tuberculosis is primarily a respiratory pathogen, it can spread to other organs, including the brain and meninges, causing TB me…

Corrigendum: Defining discriminatory antibody fingerprints in active and latent tuberculosis Open

Nadege Nziza, Deniz Cizmeci, Leela Davies, Edward B. Irvine, Wonyeong Jung , et al. · 2023

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.856906.].

Deep learning-guided selection of antibody therapies with enhanced resistance to current and prospective SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants Open

Lester Frei, Beichen Gao, Jiami Han, Joseph M. Taft, Edward B. Irvine , et al. · 2023

Most COVID-19 antibody therapies rely on binding the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD). However, heavily mutated variants such as Omicron and its sublineages, which are characterized by an ever increasing number of mutations in the …

Humoral correlates of protection againstMycobacterium tuberculosisfollowing intravenous Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination in rhesus macaques Open

Edward B. Irvine, Patricia A. Darrah, Shu Wang, Chuangqi Wang, Ryan P. McNamara , et al. · 2023

Altering the route of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunization from low-dose intradermal vaccination to high-dose intravenous (IV) vaccination resulted in a high level of protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) infection, p…

Protective intravenous BCG vaccination induces enhanced immune signaling in the airways Open

Joshua M. Peters, Edward B. Irvine, Jacob M. Rosenberg, Marc H. Wadsworth, Travis K. Hughes , et al. · 2023

Intradermal (ID) Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is the most widely administered vaccine in the world. However, ID-BCG fails to achieve the level of protection needed in adults to alter the course of the tuberculosis epidemic. Recent studie…

Airway T cells are a correlate of i.v. Bacille Calmette-Guerin-mediated protection against tuberculosis in rhesus macaques Open

Patricia A. Darrah, Joseph J. Zeppa, Chuangqi Wang, Edward B. Irvine, Allison N. Bucşan , et al. · 2023

Fc-engineered antibodies leverage neutrophils to drive control ofMycobacterium tuberculosis Open

Edward B. Irvine, Joshua M. Peters, Richard Lu, Patricia S. Grace, Jaimie Sixsmith , et al. · 2022

Novel vaccination and therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to mitigate the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic. While extensive efforts have focused on potentiating cell-mediated immunity to control Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) infectio…

Defining Discriminatory Antibody Fingerprints in Active and Latent Tuberculosis Open

Nadege Nziza, Deniz Cizmeci, Leela Davies, Edward B. Irvine, Wonyeong Jung , et al. · 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) is among the leading causes of death worldwide from a single infectious agent, second only to COVID-19 in 2020. TB is caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), that results either in a latent or active fo…

Multivariate Analysis Establishes Airway T Cells as a Correlate of IV BCG-Mediated Protection Against Tuberculosis in Rhesus Macaques Open

Patricia A. Darrah, Joseph J. Zeppa, Chuangqi Wang, Edward B. Irvine, Allison N. Bucşan , et al. · 2022

Robust IgM responses following vaccination are associated with prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in macaques Open

Galit Alter, Edward B. Irvine, Anthony O’Neil, Patricia A. Darrah, Sally Shin , et al. · 2021

Development of an effective tuberculosis (TB) vaccine has suffered from an incomplete understanding of the correlates of protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ). However, recent work has shown that compared to standard intrad…

Robust IgM responses following vaccination are associated with prevention ofMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection in macaques Open

Edward B. Irvine, Anthony O’Neil, Patricia A. Darrah, Sally Shin, Alok Choudhary , et al. · 2021

Development of an effective tuberculosis (TB) vaccine has suffered from an incomplete understanding of the correlates of protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ). However, recent work has shown that compared to standard intrad…

HIV Is Associated with Modified Humoral Immune Responses in the Setting of HIV/TB Coinfection Open

Esther van Woudenbergh, Edward B. Irvine, Leela Davies, Marwou de Kock, Willem A. Hanekom , et al. · 2020

TB is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent globally, followed by HIV. Furthermore, TB represents the leading cause of death among people with HIV. HIV is known to cause severe defects in T cell immunity, rendering HIV/…

A Case for Antibodies as Mechanistic Correlates of Immunity in Tuberculosis Open

Jeffrey Kawahara, Edward B. Irvine, Galit Alter · 2019

Tuberculosis infects one quarter of the world's population and is the leading cause of death by a single infectious agent, responsible for a reported 1.3 million deaths in 2017. While Mycobacterium tuberculosis is treatable with ant…

Identification of a Natural Viral RNA Motif That Optimizes Sensing of Viral RNA by RIG-I Open

Jie Xu, Xiomara Mercado-López, Jennifer T. Grier, Won‐Keun Kim, Lauren Chun , et al. · 2015

Stimulation of the antiviral response depends on the sensing of viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by specialized cellular proteins. During infection with RNA viruses, 5′-di- or -triphosphates accompanying specific single…

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