Explanipedia

The mesocorticolimbic system in stimulant use disorder Open

Edythe D. London, Stephanie M. Groman, Marco Leyton, Harriet de Wit · 2025

Stimulant Use Disorder (StUD) is a pervasive and extremely dangerous form of addiction for which there are currently no approved medications. Discovering treatments will require a deep understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying the …

Convergent Validity of Experimental Cognitive Tests in a Large Community Sample Open

Andy C. Dean, Jean-Baptiste Pochon, Robert M. Bilder, Fred W. Sabb, Eliza Congdon , et al. · 2024

Experimental cognitive tests are designed to measure particular cognitive domains, although evidence supporting test validity is often limited. The Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics test battery administered 23 experimental and tra…

Comparing neuromodulation targets to reduce cigarette craving and withdrawal: A randomized clinical trial Open

Nicole Petersen, Michael Apostol, Timothy R. Jordan, Thuc Doan Ngo, Nicholas W Kearley , et al. · 2024

Importance: Cigarette smoking remains the leading preventable cause of death worldwide, leading to development of new therapeutics, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Objective: To optimize treatment, we compared …

Effects of oral contraceptive pills on brain networks: A replication and extension Open

Gino Haase, Jason Liu, Timothy R. Jordan, Andrea J. Rapkin, Edythe D. London , et al. · 2024

Neuroimaging research has identified significant effects of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) on brain networks. A wide variety of approaches have been employed, largely in observational samples, with few converging results. This study there…

Brain mGlu5 Is Linked to Cognition and Cigarette Smoking but Does Not Differ From Control in Early Abstinence From Chronic Methamphetamine Use Open

Megan N. McClintick, Robert Kessler, M. Mandelkern, Tarannom Mahmoudie, Daicia C. Allen , et al. · 2024

Background The group-I metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) has been implicated in methamphetamine exposure in animals and in human cognition. Because people with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) exhibit cognitive deficits, …

Parameter Space and Potential for Biomarker Development in 25 Years of fMRI Drug Cue Reactivity Open

Arshiya Sangchooli, Mehran Zare-Bidoky, Ali Fathi Jouzdani, Joseph P. Schacht, James M. Bjork , et al. · 2024

Importance In the last 25 years, functional magnetic resonance imaging drug cue reactivity (FDCR) studies have characterized some core aspects in the neurobiology of drug addiction. However, no FDCR-derived biomarkers have been approved fo…

Recalibrating single-study effect sizes using hierarchical Bayesian models Open

Zhipeng Cao, Matthew F. McCabe, Peter Callas, Renata B. Cupertino, Jonatan Ottino‐González , et al. · 2023

Introduction There are growing concerns about commonly inflated effect sizes in small neuroimaging studies, yet no study has addressed recalibrating effect size estimates for small samples. To tackle this issue, we propose a hierarchical B…

36 Reactivity to Loss and Its Relationship to Clinical Symptoms of ADHD in Adults Open

Lauren T. Olson, David A. Kaufman, Fred W. Sabb, Edythe D. London, Robert M. Bilder · 2023

Objective: Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit deficits in reward-based learning, which have important implications for behavioral regulation. Prior research has shown that these individuals show altere…

Smoking, tobacco dependence, and neurometabolites in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex Open

Joseph O'Neill, Maylen Perez Diaz, Jeffry R. Alger, Jean‐Baptiste Pochon, Dara G. Ghahremani , et al. · 2023

Negative affect and craving during abstinence from smoking are both linked to default mode network connectivity Open

Golnaz Tabibnia, Dara G. Ghahremani, Jean‐Baptiste Pochon, Maylen Perez Diaz, Edythe D. London · 2023

Decomposing risky decision-making in methamphetamine use disorder: Behavioral updating and D2 dopamine receptors Open

Zoe Guttman, M. Mandelkern, Dara G. Ghahremani, Milky Kohno, Andy C. Dean , et al. · 2023

The findings indicate that behavioral updating contributes to maladaptive decision-making in MUD and suggest that dysregulation of D2-type receptor signaling in the striatum and globus pallidus contributes to this behavioral deficit.

Polygenic Contributions to Performance on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task Open

Erika L. Nurmi, Christopher Laughlin, Harriet de Wit, Abraham A. Palmer, James MacKillop , et al. · 2023

Risky decision-making is a common, heritable endophenotype seen across many psychiatric disorders. Its underlying genetic architecture is incompletely explored. We examined behavior in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), which tests ris…

Reduced neural functional connectivity during working memory performance in methamphetamine use disorder Open

Liam J. Nestor, Dara G. Ghahremani, Edythe D. London · 2023

These results suggest a decoupling in network dynamics that may underlie deficits in cognition during early abstinence in MUD patients.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex reduces craving and increases salience network connectivity in people who smoke cigarettes Open

Nicole Petersen, Timothy R. Jordan, Michael Apostol, Edythe D. London, Andrew F. Leuchter · 2023

The Effects of Citalopram and Thalamic Dopamine D2/3 Receptor Availability on Decision-Making and Loss Aversion in Alcohol Dependence Open

Todd Zorick, Kyoji Okita, K. Brooke Renard, M. Mandelkern, Arthur L. Brody , et al. · 2022

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed for patients who misuse alcohol, especially in the context of comorbid depressive symptoms. Deficits in impulse control and decision-making are linked to routine alcoh…

White matter microstructure differences in individuals with dependence on cocaine, methamphetamine, and nicotine: Findings from the ENIGMA-Addiction working group Open

Jonatan Ottino‐González, Anne Uhlmann, Sage Hahn, Zhipeng Cao, Renata B. Cupertino , et al. · 2021

Nicotine dependence and functional connectivity of insular cortex subregions Open

Dara G. Ghahremani, Jean‐Baptiste Pochon, Maylen Perez Diaz, Rachel F. Tyndale, A. C. Dean , et al. · 2021

The insular cortex has been identified as a promising target in brain-based therapies for Tobacco Use Disorder, and has three major sub-regions (ventral anterior, dorsal anterior, and posterior) that serve distinct functional networks. How…

Striatal dopamine D2-type receptor availability and peripheral 17β-estradiol Open

Nicole Petersen, Andrea J. Rapkin, Kyoji Okita, Kaitlin R. Kinney, Tomi Mizuno , et al. · 2021

Executive Function and Contingency Management in Methamphetamine Use Disorder. Open

Lara J. van Nunen, Marilyn T. Lake, Jonathan Ipser, Dan J. Stein, Steven Shoptaw , et al. · 2021

These findings suggest that tests of executive function at baseline may be useful in predicting treatment response in MUD. Future work in larger samples may ultimately allow a more personalized treatment approach to methamphetamine use dis…

Diminished cortical response to risk and loss during risky decision making in alcohol use disorder Open

Elizabeth M. Burnette, Erica N. Grodin, Dara G. Ghahremani, Adriana Galván, Milky Kohno , et al. · 2020

A Methodological Checklist for fMRI Drug Cue Reactivity Studies: Development and Expert Consensus Open

Hamed Ekhtiari, Mehran Zare-Bidoky, Arshiya Sangchooli, Amy C. Janes, Marc J. Kaufman , et al. · 2020

Background Cue reactivity is one of the most frequently used paradigms in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of substance use disorders (SUDs). While there have been promising results elucidating the neurocognitive mechan…

Amygdala Structural Connectivity Is Associated With Impulsive Choice and Difficulty Quitting Smoking Open

Ausaf Bari, Hiro Sparks, S. Rock Levinson, Bayard Wilson, Edythe D. London , et al. · 2020

Introduction: The amygdala is known to play a role in mediating emotion and possibly addiction. We used probabilistic tractography (PT) to evaluate whether structural connectivity of the amygdala to the brain reward network is assoc…

Neural Basis of Smoking-Related Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Open

Paul Faulkner, Andy C. Dean, Dara G. Ghahremani, Edythe D. London · 2020

Background Negative emotional states contribute to cigarette smoking, and difficulties in regulating these states can hinder smoking cessation. Understanding the neural bases of these difficulties in smokers may facilitate development of n…

Identifying Nootropic Drug Targets via Large-Scale Cognitive GWAS and Transcriptomics Open

Max Lam, Chen Chia-Yen, Yan Xia, W. David Hill, Joey W. Trampush , et al. · 2020

Background Cognitive traits demonstrate significant genetic correlations with many psychiatric disorders and other health-related traits. Many neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders are marked by cognitive deficits. Therefore, ge…

Predicting Alcohol Dependence from Multi-Site Brain Structural Measures Open

Sage Hahn, Scott Mackey, Janna Cousijn, John J. Foxe, Robert Hester , et al. · 2020

Background The search for neuroimaging biomarkers of alcohol use disorder (AUD) has primarily been restricted to significance testing in small datasets of low diversity. To identify neurobiological markers beyond individual differences, it…

Alexithymia and Alcohol Dependence: The Roles of Negative Mood and Alcohol Craving Open

Fred Arne Thorberg, Ross McD. Young, Penelope Hasking, Michael Lyvers, Jason P. Connor , et al. · 2019

Background: Alexithymia is a personality trait associated with emotion regulation difficulties. Up to 67% of alcohol-dependent patients in treatment have alexithymia. Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate…

Is (poly-) substance use associated with impaired inhibitory control? A mega-analysis controlling for confounders Open

Yang Liu, Wery P. M. van den Wildenberg, Ysanne de Graaf, Susan L. Ames, Alex Baldacchino , et al. · 2019

The Effect of Single High-dose Buprenorphine on Opioid Craving and Relapse Open

Jamshid Ahmadi, Mina SefidfardJahromi, Dara G. Ghahremani, Edythe D. London · 2019

Background: Buprenorphine, a treatment for Opioid Use Disorder, has liability for diversion and abuse. Use of single high doses of buprenorphine that are supervised avoid issues with diversion that occur with unsupervised or take home dose…

The Effect of Single High-dose Buprenorphine on Opioid Craving and Relapse Open

Jamshid Ahmadi, Mina SefidfardJahromi, Dara G. Ghahremani, Edythe D. London · 2019

Background: Buprenorphine, a treatment for Opioid Use Disorder, has liability for diversion and abuse. Use of single high doses of buprenorphine that are supervised avoid issues with diversion that occur with unsupervised or take home dose…

Subregional Hippocampal Thickness Abnormalities in Older Adults with a History of Heavy Cannabis Use Open

Alison C. Burggren, Prabha Siddarth, Zanjbeel Mahmood, Edythe D. London, Theresa M. Harrison , et al. · 2018

Background and Aims: Legalization of cannabis (CB) for both medicinal and, in some states, recreational use, has given rise to increasing usage rates across the country. Of particular concern are indications that frequent CB use may…

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