Eli Waxman
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View article: The Optical to X-Ray Luminosity and Spectrum of Supernova Wind Breakouts
The Optical to X-Ray Luminosity and Spectrum of Supernova Wind Breakouts Open
Observations indicate that an optically thick circumstellar medium (CSM) at radii of 10 14 –10 15 cm around Type II core-collapse supernova (SN) progenitors is common (and may be present in other types of massive star explosions). The brea…
View article: The Nonthermal Emission Following GW170817 is Consistent with a Conical Radially Stratified Outflow with Initial Lorentz Factor ≲10
The Nonthermal Emission Following GW170817 is Consistent with a Conical Radially Stratified Outflow with Initial Lorentz Factor ≲10 Open
We show that the nonthermal radio to X-ray emission following the neutron star merger GW170817 is consistent with synchrotron emission from a collisionless shock driven into the interstellar medium (ISM) by a conical radially stratified ou…
View article: Efficient Perplexity Bound and Ratio Matching in Discrete Diffusion Language Models
Efficient Perplexity Bound and Ratio Matching in Discrete Diffusion Language Models Open
While continuous diffusion models excel in modeling continuous distributions, their application to categorical data has been less effective. Recent work has shown that ratio-matching through score-entropy within a continuous-time discrete …
View article: Strong Near-infrared Emission Following the Long-duration GRB 211211A: Dust Heating as an Alternative to a Kilonova
Strong Near-infrared Emission Following the Long-duration GRB 211211A: Dust Heating as an Alternative to a Kilonova Open
The prolonged near-infrared (NIR) emission observed following the long-duration GRB 211211A is inconsistent with afterglow emission from the shock being driven into the circumstellar medium (CSM) as well as with emission from a possible un…
View article: Advances in an OH reactivity instrument for airborne field measurements
Advances in an OH reactivity instrument for airborne field measurements Open
Hydroxyl radical (OH) reactivity, which is the inverse lifetime of the OH radical, provides information on the burden of air pollutants, since almost all air pollutants react with OH. OH reactivity measurements from field experiments can h…
View article: Shock Breakouts from Compact Circumstellar Medium Surrounding Core-collapse Supernova Progenitors May Contribute Significantly to the Observed ≳10 TeV Neutrino Background
Shock Breakouts from Compact Circumstellar Medium Surrounding Core-collapse Supernova Progenitors May Contribute Significantly to the Observed ≳10 TeV Neutrino Background Open
Growing observational evidence suggests that enhanced mass loss from the progenitors of core-collapse supernovae (SNe) is common during ~1 yr preceding the explosion, creating an optically thick circumstellar medium (CSM) shell at ~10 14.5…
View article: Shock cooling emission from explosions of massive stars – III. Blue supergiants
Shock cooling emission from explosions of massive stars – III. Blue supergiants Open
Light emission in the first hours and days following core-collapse supernovae is dominated by the escape of photons from the expanding shock-heated envelope. In preceding papers, we provided a simple analytic description of the time-depend…
View article: Minibatch Optimal Transport and Perplexity Bound Estimation in Discrete Flow Matching
Minibatch Optimal Transport and Perplexity Bound Estimation in Discrete Flow Matching Open
Outperforming autoregressive models on categorical data distributions, such as textual data, remains challenging for continuous diffusion and flow models. Discrete flow matching, a recent framework for modeling categorical data, has shown …
View article: The non-thermal emission following GW170817 is consistent with a conical radially-stratified outflow with initial Lorentz factor $\lesssim10$
The non-thermal emission following GW170817 is consistent with a conical radially-stratified outflow with initial Lorentz factor $\lesssim10$ Open
We show that the non-thermal radio to X-ray emission following the neutron star merger GW170817 is consistent with synchrotron emission from a collisionless shock driven into the interstellar medium (ISM) by a conical radially stratified o…
View article: Advances in OH reactivity instruments for airborne field measurements
Advances in OH reactivity instruments for airborne field measurements Open
Hydroxyl radical OH reactivity, which is the inverse lifetime of the OH radical, provides information on the burden of air pollutants, since almost all air pollutants react with OH. OH reactivity measurements from field experiments can hel…
View article: A cosmic formation site of silicon and sulphur revealed by a new type of supernova explosion
A cosmic formation site of silicon and sulphur revealed by a new type of supernova explosion Open
The cores of stars are the cosmic furnaces where light elements are fused into heavier nuclei. The fusion of hydrogen to helium initially powers all stars. The ashes of the fusion reactions are then predicted to serve as fuel in a series o…
View article: Preliminary results of the Single Event Effect testing for the ULTRASAT sensors
Preliminary results of the Single Event Effect testing for the ULTRASAT sensors Open
ULTRASAT (ULtra-violet TRansient Astronomy SATellite) is a wide-angle space telescope that will perform a deep time-resolved all-sky survey in the near-ultraviolet (NUV) spectrum. The science objectives are the detection of counterparts to…
View article: The thermalization of <i>γ</i>-rays in radioactive expanding ejecta: a simple model and its application for Kilonovae and Ia SNe
The thermalization of <i>γ</i>-rays in radioactive expanding ejecta: a simple model and its application for Kilonovae and Ia SNe Open
A semi-analytic approximation is derived for the time-dependent fraction $f_\gamma (t)$ of the energy deposited by radioactive decay $\gamma$-rays in a homologously expanding plasma of general structure. An analytic approximation is given …
View article: Shock cooling emission from explosions of massive stars: III. Blue Super Giants
Shock cooling emission from explosions of massive stars: III. Blue Super Giants Open
Light emission in the first hours and days following core-collapse supernovae is dominated by the escape of photons from the expanding shock-heated envelope. In preceding papers, we provided a simple analytic description of the time-depend…
View article: Preliminary results of the Single Event Effect testing for the ULTRASAT sensors
Preliminary results of the Single Event Effect testing for the ULTRASAT sensors Open
ULTRASAT (ULtra-violet TRansient Astronomy SATellite) is a wide-angle space telescope that will perform a deep time-resolved all-sky survey in the near-ultraviolet (NUV) spectrum. The science objectives are the detection of counterparts to…
View article: The Early Ultraviolet Light Curves of Type II Supernovae and the Radii of Their Progenitor Stars
The Early Ultraviolet Light Curves of Type II Supernovae and the Radii of Their Progenitor Stars Open
We present a sample of 34 normal Type II supernovae (SNe II) detected with the Zwicky Transient Facility, with multiband UV light curves starting at t ≤ 4 days after explosion, and X-ray observations. We characterize the early UV-optical c…
View article: Non-thermal emission from mildly relativistic dynamical ejecta of neutron star mergers: spectrum and sky image
Non-thermal emission from mildly relativistic dynamical ejecta of neutron star mergers: spectrum and sky image Open
Binary neutron star mergers are expected to produce fast dynamical ejecta, with mildly relativistic velocities extending to β = v/c > 0.6. In a preceding paper, we derived an analytic description of the time-dependent radio to X-ray syn…
View article: An analytic description of electron thermalization in kilonovae ejecta
An analytic description of electron thermalization in kilonovae ejecta Open
A simple analytic description is provided of the rate of energy deposition by β-decay electrons in the homologously expanding radioactive plasma ejected in neutron star mergers, valid for a wide range of ejecta parameters – initial entropy…
View article: Coma cluster $γ$-ray and radio emission is consistent with a secondary electron origin for the radio halo
Coma cluster $γ$-ray and radio emission is consistent with a secondary electron origin for the radio halo Open
Observations of diffuse, non-thermal radio emission spanning several megaparsecs have been documented in over 100 galaxy clusters. This emission, classified as giant radio halos (GHs), mini halos, and radio relics based mainly on their loc…
View article: SNeSCOPE - a python package for shock cooling fitting using the model of Morag et al 2024
SNeSCOPE - a python package for shock cooling fitting using the model of Morag et al 2024 Open
SNeSCOPE - SuperNovae Shock Cooling Observations Parameter Estimator Documentation SNeSCOPE is a python package for modeling supernova light curves using the analytic models of Morag et al 2023 and Morag et al 2024. Installation to install…
View article: The thermalization of $γ$-rays in radioactive expanding ejecta: A simple model and its application for Kilonovae and Ia SNe
The thermalization of $γ$-rays in radioactive expanding ejecta: A simple model and its application for Kilonovae and Ia SNe Open
A semi-analytic approximation is derived for the time-dependent fraction $f_γ(t)$ of the energy deposited by radioactive decay $γ$-rays in a homologously expanding plasma of general structure. An analytic approximation is given for spheric…
View article: An Analytic Description of Electron Thermalization in Kilonovae Ejecta
An Analytic Description of Electron Thermalization in Kilonovae Ejecta Open
A simple analytic description is provided of the rate of energy deposition by $β$-decay electrons in the homologously expanding radioactive plasma ejected in neutron star mergers, valid for a wide range of ejecta parameters -- initial entr…
View article: ULTRASAT: A Wide-field Time-domain UV Space Telescope
ULTRASAT: A Wide-field Time-domain UV Space Telescope Open
The Ultraviolet Transient Astronomy Satellite (ULTRASAT) is scheduled to be launched to geostationary orbit in 2027. It will carry a telescope with an unprecedentedly large field of view (204 deg 2 ) and near-ultraviolet (NUV; 230–290 nm) …
View article: Shock cooling emission from explosions of red supergiants: II. An analytic model of deviations from blackbody emission
Shock cooling emission from explosions of red supergiants: II. An analytic model of deviations from blackbody emission Open
Light emission in the first hours and days following core-collapse supernovae (SNe) is dominated by the escape of photons from the expanding shock-heated envelope. In a preceding paper, Paper I, we provided a simple analytic description of…
View article: UV to near-IR observations of the DART-Dimorphos collision
UV to near-IR observations of the DART-Dimorphos collision Open
The impact of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft with Dimorphos allows us to study asteroid collision physics, including momentum transfer, the ejecta properties, and the visibility of such events in the Solar system. W…
View article: UV to near-IR observations of the DART-Dimorphos collision
UV to near-IR observations of the DART-Dimorphos collision Open
The impact of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft with Dimorphos allows us to study asteroid collision physics, including momentum transfer, the ejecta properties, and the visibility of such events in the Solar System. W…
View article: Photometric prioritization of neutron star merger candidates
Photometric prioritization of neutron star merger candidates Open
Rapid identification of the optical counterparts of neutron star (NS) merger events discovered by gravitational wave detectors may require observing a large error region and sifting through a large number of transients to identify the obje…
View article: Photometric prioritization of neutron star merger candidates
Photometric prioritization of neutron star merger candidates Open
Rapid identification of the optical counterparts of Neutron Star (NS) merger events discovered by gravitational wave detectors may require observing a large error region and sifting through a large number of transients to identify the obje…
View article: A 12.4 day periodicity in a close binary system after a supernova
A 12.4 day periodicity in a close binary system after a supernova Open
Neutron stars and stellar-mass black holes are the remnants of massive star explosions. Most massive stars reside in close binary systems, and the interplay between the companion star and the newly formed compact object has been theoretica…
View article: Shock cooling emission from explosions of red super-giants: II. An analytic model of deviations from blackbody emission
Shock cooling emission from explosions of red super-giants: II. An analytic model of deviations from blackbody emission Open
Light emission in the first hours and days following core-collapse supernovae (SNe) is dominated by the escape of photons from the expanding shock heated envelope. In a preceding paper, Paper I, we provided a simple analytic description of…