Nora K. E. Schulz
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View article: Immune priming in the insect gut: a dynamic response revealed by ultrastructural and transcriptomic changes
Immune priming in the insect gut: a dynamic response revealed by ultrastructural and transcriptomic changes Open
Background Research on forms of memory in innate immune systems has recently gained momentum with the study of trained immunity in vertebrates and immune priming in invertebrates. Immune priming is an evolutionary ancient process that conf…
View article: Experimental evolution of a pathogen confronted with innate immune memory increases variation in virulence
Experimental evolution of a pathogen confronted with innate immune memory increases variation in virulence Open
Understanding the drivers and mechanisms of virulence evolution is still a major goal of evolutionary biologists and epidemiologists. Theory predicts that the way virulence evolves depends on the balance between the benefits and costs it p…
View article: Testing the reproducibility of ecological studies on insect behavior in a multi-laboratory setting identifies opportunities for improving experimental rigor
Testing the reproducibility of ecological studies on insect behavior in a multi-laboratory setting identifies opportunities for improving experimental rigor Open
The reproducibility of studies involving insect species is an underexplored area in the broader discussion about poor reproducibility in science. Our study addresses this gap by conducting a systematic multi-laboratory investigation into t…
View article: Resistance evolution driven by niche construction – the role of microbiota and beetle secretions
Resistance evolution driven by niche construction – the role of microbiota and beetle secretions Open
Through niche construction, organisms actively shape their environment, thereby influencing their evolutionary trajectories via ecological inheritance. Red flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum) achieve niche construction through secretion of…
View article: Testing the role of heat shock protein 90 as an evolutionary capacitor of behavioural variation in Tribolium castaneum
Testing the role of heat shock protein 90 as an evolutionary capacitor of behavioural variation in Tribolium castaneum Open
Evolutionary capacitance allows populations to ‘store’ cryptic genetic variation, revealing associated phenotypes only under stressful conditions. This process, which can accelerate evolutionary adaptation, has been linked to heat shock pr…
View article: Experimental Removal of Niche Construction Alters the Pace and Mechanisms of Resistance Evolution
Experimental Removal of Niche Construction Alters the Pace and Mechanisms of Resistance Evolution Open
Niche construction, a central eco-evolutionary process in which organisms modify their environment, is hypothesised to enhance evolutionary adaptability through feedback between genetic inheritance and the lasting effects of environmental …
View article: HSP90 as an Evolutionary Capacitor Drives Adaptive Eye Size Reduction via atonal
HSP90 as an Evolutionary Capacitor Drives Adaptive Eye Size Reduction via atonal Open
Genetic variation fuels evolution, and the release of cryptic variation is key for adaptation. The heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) has been proposed to act as an evolutionary capacitor by revealing such hidden variation under stress. However…
View article: Resources Modulate Developmental Shifts but Not Infection Tolerance Upon Co‐Infection in an Insect System
Resources Modulate Developmental Shifts but Not Infection Tolerance Upon Co‐Infection in an Insect System Open
Energetic resources within organisms fuel both parasite growth and immune responses against them, but it is unclear whether energy allocation is sufficient to explain changes in infection outcomes under the threat of multiple parasites. We…
View article: Individual variation in perceived density and its impacts on the realization of ecological niches
Individual variation in perceived density and its impacts on the realization of ecological niches Open
Organisms gain information about their local environment using different senses. Variation in both reception and assessment of stimuli leads to differences among individuals in their perception of environments. Here, we highlight the impor…
View article: Three species, three labs, three experiments: testing the reproducibility of ecological studies on insect behaviour in a multi-laboratory setting
Three species, three labs, three experiments: testing the reproducibility of ecological studies on insect behaviour in a multi-laboratory setting Open
The reproducibility of studies involving insect species is an underexplored area in the broader discussion about poor reproducibility in science. Our study addresses this gap by conducting a systematic multi-laboratory investigation into t…
View article: Experimental evolution of a pathogen confronted with innate immune memory increases variation in virulence
Experimental evolution of a pathogen confronted with innate immune memory increases variation in virulence Open
Understanding the drivers and mechanisms of virulence evolution is still a major goal of evolutionary biologists and epidemiologists. Theory predicts that the way virulence evolves depends on the balance between the benefits and costs it p…
View article: Immune priming in the insect gut: a dynamic response revealed by ultrastructural and transcriptomic changes
Immune priming in the insect gut: a dynamic response revealed by ultrastructural and transcriptomic changes Open
Research on forms of memory in innate immune systems has recently gained momentum with the study of trained immunity in vertebrates and immune priming in invertebrates. Immune priming provides protection against previously encountered path…
View article: Resources modulate developmental shifts but not infection tolerance upon coinfection in an insect system
Resources modulate developmental shifts but not infection tolerance upon coinfection in an insect system Open
Energetic resources fuel immune responses and parasite growth within organisms, but it is unclear whether energy allocation is sufficient to explain changes in infection outcomes under the threat of multiple parasites. We manipulated diet …
View article: Deciphering a Beetle Clock: Individual and Sex-Dependent Variation in Daily Activity Patterns
Deciphering a Beetle Clock: Individual and Sex-Dependent Variation in Daily Activity Patterns Open
Circadian clocks are inherent to most organisms, including cryptozoic animals that seldom encounter direct light, and regulate their daily activity cycles. A conserved suite of clock genes underpins these rhythms. In this study, we explore…
View article: Deciphering a beetle clock: individual and sex-dependent variation in daily activity patterns
Deciphering a beetle clock: individual and sex-dependent variation in daily activity patterns Open
Circadian clocks are inherent to most organisms, including cryptozoic animals that seldom encounter direct light, and regulate their daily activity cycles. A conserved suite of clock genes underpins these rhythms. In this study, we explore…
View article: Female investment in terminal reproduction or somatic maintenance depends on infection dose
Female investment in terminal reproduction or somatic maintenance depends on infection dose Open
Immune responses are energetically costly to produce and often trade off with investment in reproduction and offspring provisioning. We predicted that hosts can interpret the magnitude of the infection threat from cues like initial bacteri…
View article: Female investment in terminal reproduction or somatic maintenance depends on infection dose - data
Female investment in terminal reproduction or somatic maintenance depends on infection dose - data Open
This is the data used in an experiment investigating the effects of infection dose on fecundity compensation in the red flour beetle.
View article: Female investment in terminal reproduction or somatic maintenance depends on infection dose - data
Female investment in terminal reproduction or somatic maintenance depends on infection dose - data Open
This is the data used in an experiment investigating the effects of infection dose on fecundity compensation in the red flour beetle.
View article: Interactions between evolved pesticide resistance and pesticide exposure influence immunity against pathogens
Interactions between evolved pesticide resistance and pesticide exposure influence immunity against pathogens Open
Combined exposure to stressors, including pesticides and pathogens, is common in natural insect populations. Pesticide resistance readily evolves in these populations and often coopts the same stress, detoxification, and immune pathways in…
View article: Female investment in terminal reproduction or somatic maintenance depends on infection dose
Female investment in terminal reproduction or somatic maintenance depends on infection dose Open
Immune responses are energetically costly to produce and often trade off with investment in reproduction and offspring provisioning. We predicted that hosts can interpret the magnitude of the infection threat from cues like initial bacteri…
View article: Paternal knockdown of <scp>tRNA</scp> (cytosine‐5‐)‐methyltransferase ( <i>Dnmt2</i> ) increases offspring susceptibility to infection in red flour beetles
Paternal knockdown of <span>tRNA</span> (cytosine‐5‐)‐methyltransferase ( <i>Dnmt2</i> ) increases offspring susceptibility to infection in red flour beetles Open
Intergenerational effects from fathers to offspring are increasingly reported from diverse organisms, but the underlying mechanisms remain speculative. Paternal trans‐generational immune priming (TGIP) was demonstrated in the red flour bee…
View article: Interactions between evolved pesticide resistance and pesticide exposure influence immunity against pathogens
Interactions between evolved pesticide resistance and pesticide exposure influence immunity against pathogens Open
Pesticide resistance readily evolves in natural insect populations and often coopts the same stress, detoxification, and immune pathways involved in physiological responses against primary pathogen and pesticide exposure. As a result, resi…
View article: Experimental evolution of insect resistance to two pesticide classes reveals mechanistic diversity and context-dependent fitness costs
Experimental evolution of insect resistance to two pesticide classes reveals mechanistic diversity and context-dependent fitness costs Open
Does rapid adaptation to stressors evolve through similar underlying mechanisms among diverse populations, or are there many roads to a similar phenotype? The experimental evolution of pesticide resistance in insects provides a powerful mo…
View article: Peer Review #2 of "Immune priming against bacteria in spiders and scorpions? (v0.1)"
Peer Review #2 of "Immune priming against bacteria in spiders and scorpions? (v0.1)" Open
Empirical evidence of immune priming in arthropods keeps growing, both at the withinand trans-generational level.The evidence comes mostly from work on insects and it remains unclear for some other arthropods whether exposure to a non-leth…
View article: Peer Review #2 of "Immune priming against bacteria in spiders and scorpions? (v0.2)"
Peer Review #2 of "Immune priming against bacteria in spiders and scorpions? (v0.2)" Open
Empirical evidence of immune priming in arthropods keeps growing, both at the withinand trans-generational level.The evidence comes mostly from work on insects and it remains unclear for some other arthropods whether exposure to a non-leth…
View article: Transgenerational Developmental Effects of Immune Priming in the Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum
Transgenerational Developmental Effects of Immune Priming in the Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum Open
Immune priming, the increased chance to survive a secondary encounter with a pathogen, has been described for many invertebrate species, which lack the classical adaptive immune system of vertebrates. Priming can be specific even for close…
View article: <i>Dnmt1</i>has an essential function despite the absence of CpG DNA methylation in the red flour beetle<i>Tribolium castaneum</i>
<i>Dnmt1</i>has an essential function despite the absence of CpG DNA methylation in the red flour beetle<i>Tribolium castaneum</i> Open
Epigenetic mechanisms, such as CpG DNA methylation enable phenotypic plasticity and rapid adaptation to changing environments. CpG DNA methylation is established by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), which are well conserved across vertebrate…
View article: Transgenerational developmental effects of immune priming in the red flour beetle <i>Tribolium castaneum</i>
Transgenerational developmental effects of immune priming in the red flour beetle <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> Open
Immune priming, the increased chance to survive a secondary encounter with a pathogen, has been described for many invertebrate species, which lack the classical adaptive immune system of vertebrates. Priming can be specific even for close…