Elisa Visher
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View article: Spatially structured host genetic diversity leads to the evolution of local specialization
Spatially structured host genetic diversity leads to the evolution of local specialization Open
Host heterogeneity and spatial population structure each influence parasite evolution but may also interact because space structures contacts between host types. Here, we experimentally evolve granulosis virus in microcosms of its Plodia i…
View article: The evolution of host resistance to a virus is determined by resources, historical contingency, and time scale
The evolution of host resistance to a virus is determined by resources, historical contingency, and time scale Open
Hosts can often evolve resistance to parasites (and other stressors), but such resistance is generally thought to be constrained by trade-offs with other traits. These trade-offs determine the host’s optimal resistance strategy and whether…
View article: Bats host the most virulent—but not the most dangerous—zoonotic viruses
Bats host the most virulent—but not the most dangerous—zoonotic viruses Open
Significance The clear need to mitigate zoonotic risk has fueled increased viral discovery in specific reservoir host taxa. We show that a combination of viral and reservoir traits can predict zoonotic virus virulence and transmissibility …
View article: The Evolution of Host Specialization in an Insect Pathogen
The Evolution of Host Specialization in an Insect Pathogen Open
Niche breadth coevolution between biotic partners underpins theories of diversity and co-existence and influences patterns of disease emergence and transmission in host-parasite systems. Despite these broad implications, we still do not fu…
View article: The three Ts of virulence evolution during zoonotic emergence
The three Ts of virulence evolution during zoonotic emergence Open
There is increasing interest in the role that evolution may play in current and future pandemics, but there is often also considerable confusion about the actual evolutionary predictions. This may be, in part, due to a historical separatio…
View article: Bats host the most virulent—but not the most dangerous—zoonotic viruses
Bats host the most virulent—but not the most dangerous—zoonotic viruses Open
Identifying virus characteristics associated with the largest public health impacts on human populations is critical to informing zoonotic risk assessments and surveillance strategies. Efforts to assess “zoonotic risk” often use trait-base…
View article: Annotated R Code for Figure 3 from The three Ts of virulence evolution during zoonotic emergence
Annotated R Code for Figure 3 from The three Ts of virulence evolution during zoonotic emergence Open
There is increasing interest in the role that evolution may play in current and future pandemics, but there is often also considerable confusion about the actual evolutionary predictions. This may be, in part, due to a historical separatio…
View article: The problem of mediocre generalists: population genetics and eco-evolutionary perspectives on host breadth evolution in pathogens
The problem of mediocre generalists: population genetics and eco-evolutionary perspectives on host breadth evolution in pathogens Open
Many of our theories for the generation and maintenance of diversity in nature depend on the existence of specialist biotic interactions which, in host–pathogen systems, also shape cross-species disease emergence. As such, niche breadth ev…
View article: The target of selection matters: An established resistance—development‐time negative genetic trade‐off is not found when selecting on development time
The target of selection matters: An established resistance—development‐time negative genetic trade‐off is not found when selecting on development time Open
Trade‐offs are fundamental to evolutionary outcomes and play a central role in eco‐evolutionary theory. They are often examined by experimentally selecting on one life‐history trait and looking for negative correlations in other traits. Fo…
View article: Host phylogenetic distance drives trends in virus virulence and transmissibility across the animal–human interface
Host phylogenetic distance drives trends in virus virulence and transmissibility across the animal–human interface Open
Historically, efforts to assess ‘zoonotic risk’ have focused mainly on quantifying the potential for cross-species emergence of viruses from animal hosts. However, viruses clearly differ in relative burden, both in terms of morbidity and m…
View article: The evolution of stage-specific virulence: Differential selection of parasites in juveniles
The evolution of stage-specific virulence: Differential selection of parasites in juveniles Open
The impact of infectious disease is often very different in juveniles and adults, but theory has focused on the drivers of stage-dependent defense in hosts rather than the potential for stage-dependent virulence evolution in parasites. Sta…
View article: Supplementary material from "Host phylogenetic distance drives trends in virus virulence and transmissibility across the animal–human interface"
Supplementary material from "Host phylogenetic distance drives trends in virus virulence and transmissibility across the animal–human interface" Open
Historically, efforts to assess ‘zoonotic risk’ have focused mainly on quantifying the potential for cross-species emergence of viruses from animal hosts. However, viruses clearly differ in relative burden, both in terms of morbidity and m…
View article: Supplementary Information from Host phylogenetic distance drives trends in virus virulence and transmissibility across the animal–human interface
Supplementary Information from Host phylogenetic distance drives trends in virus virulence and transmissibility across the animal–human interface Open
Databases of zoonoses (table 1) and all viruses (table 2) with variable descriptions (table 3) and references; model selection results (table 4) and best-fit model summaries (table 5) for all GAMs included in this study; output from the GA…
View article: Supplementary Information from Host phylogenetic distance drives trends in virus virulence and transmissibility across the animal–human interface.
Supplementary Information from Host phylogenetic distance drives trends in virus virulence and transmissibility across the animal–human interface. Open
Databases of zoonoses (table 1) and all viruses (table 2) with variable descriptions (table 3) and references; model selection results (table 4) and best-fit model summaries (table 5) for all GAMs included in this study; output from the GA…
View article: The evolution of stage-specific virulence: differential selection of parasites in juveniles
The evolution of stage-specific virulence: differential selection of parasites in juveniles Open
The impact of infectious disease is often very different in juveniles and adults, but theory has focused on the drivers of stage-dependent defense in hosts rather than the potential for stage-dependent virulence evolution. Stage-structure …
View article: Fitness impact of mutations on HA.
Fitness impact of mutations on HA. Open
Mutations were placed onto a structural model of the hemagglutinin protein (PBD 1RVX). Shown are mutations on the head and stem regions, HA1 and HA2. Non-coding mutations (HA-8) and mutations on the signal peptide (HA-11), splice site (HA-…
View article: Location and fitness for all mutations.
Location and fitness for all mutations. Open
Each mutation in Tables 1 and 3 is shown in its reading frame(s) with substitution type (nonsynonymous, synonymous, or noncoding) and fitness (see legend).
View article: Direct competition assay for relative fitness.
Direct competition assay for relative fitness. Open
(A) Equal infectious units of a barcoded version of the WT were competed against WT at an moi of 0.01, and the amount of each virus at each passage was compared to the input by RT-qPCR as described in the methods. The slope of the regressi…
View article: Correlation of fitness values with site entropy and preference.
Correlation of fitness values with site entropy and preference. Open
(A) Fitness of nonsynonymous HA mutants vs. site entropy (top) and fitness of all HA mutants vs. site preference (bottom) as reported in [46]. Unscaled values are shown. Correlations were similar for scaled values, see S3 Table. (B) Fitnes…
View article: The Mutational Robustness of Influenza A Virus
The Mutational Robustness of Influenza A Virus Open
A virus' mutational robustness is described in terms of the strength and distribution of the mutational fitness effects, or MFE. The distribution of MFE is central to many questions in evolutionary theory and is a key parameter in models o…