Emar Maier
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View article: Emojis as Pictures
Emojis as Pictures Open
I argue that emojis are essentially little pictures, rather than words, gestures, expressives, or diagrams. 🎁 means that the world looks like that, from some viewpoint. I flesh out a pictorial semantics in terms of geometric projection wit…
View article: Minds
Minds Open
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View article: Attribution and the discourse structure of reports
Attribution and the discourse structure of reports Open
I propose a discourse-level analysis of report constructions. Indirect discourse, mixed and direct quotation, free indirect discourse, and attitude ascriptions are all analyzed in terms of a discourse relation of ATTRIBUTION, connecting tw…
View article: Editorial: Perspective taking in language
Editorial: Perspective taking in language Open
EDITORIAL article Front. Commun., 04 April 2023Sec. Language Sciences Volume 8 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2023.1160727
View article: Coping With Imaginative Resistance
Coping With Imaginative Resistance Open
We propose to characterize imaginative resistance as the failure or unwillingness of the reader to take a fictional description of a deviant reality at face value. The goal of the paper is to explore how readers deal with such a breakdown …
View article: Unreliability and Point of View in Filmic Narration
Unreliability and Point of View in Filmic Narration Open
Novels like Fight Club or American Psycho are said to be instances of unreliable narration: the first person narrator presents an evidently distorted picture of the fictional world. The film adaptations of these novels are likewise said to…
View article: Taking the perspective of narrative characters
Taking the perspective of narrative characters Open
An ongoing debate in the interpretation of referring expressions concerns the degree to which listeners make use of perspective information during referential processing. We aim to contribute to this debate by considering perspective shift…
View article: The discourse structure of free indirect discourse reports
The discourse structure of free indirect discourse reports Open
We investigate the discourse structure of Free Indirect Discourse passages in narratives. We argue that Free Indirect Discourse reports consist of two separate propositional discourse units: an (explicit or implicit) frame segment and a re…
View article: Extracting fictional truth from unreliable sources
Extracting fictional truth from unreliable sources Open
A fictional text is commonly viewed as constituting an invitation to play a certain game of make-believe, with the individual sentences written by the author providing the propositions we are to imagine and/or accept as true within the fic…
View article: Perspective Shift Across Modalities
Perspective Shift Across Modalities Open
Languages offer various ways to present what someone said, thought, imagined, felt, and so on from their perspective. The prototypical example of a perspective-shifting device is direct quotation. In this review we define perspective shift…
View article: The landscape of speech reporting
The landscape of speech reporting Open
Languages offer various ways to report what someone said. There is now a vast but heterogeneous literature on speech report constructions scattered throughout the semantics literature. We offer a bird’s eye view of the entire landscape of …
View article: Making Worlds Accessible. Essays in Honor of Angelika Kratzer
Making Worlds Accessible. Essays in Honor of Angelika Kratzer Open
Every linguist knows how colossal Angelika’s impact on our field is. Hearing aboutthis would not be informative for anybody who might (virtually) pick up this volume, including Angelika herself. So, instead of writing about, say, Angelika’…
View article: Death on the Freeway: Imaginative resistance as narrator accommodation
Death on the Freeway: Imaginative resistance as narrator accommodation Open
We propose to analyze well-known cases of "imaginative resistance" from the philosophical literature (Gendler, Walton, Weatherson) as involving the inference that particular content should be attributed to either: (i) a character rather th…
View article: Mixed Quotation
Mixed Quotation Open
The central challenge posed by mixed quotation is that it exhibits both regular semantic use and metalinguistic reference, simultaneously. Semanticists disagree considerably on how to capture the interplay between these two meaning aspects…
View article: To shift or not to shift
To shift or not to shift Open
There are two main competing views about the nature of sign language role shift within formal semantics today: Quer (2005) and Schlenker ( 2017a , b ), following now standard analyses of indexical shift in spoken languages, analyze it as a…
View article: Picturing words: The semantics of speech balloons
Picturing words: The semantics of speech balloons Open
Semantics traditionally focuses on linguistic meaning. In recent years, the Super Linguistics movement has tried to broaden the scope of inquiry in various directions, including an extension of semantics to talk about the meaning of pictur…
View article: De Se Reductionism Takes on Monsters
De Se Reductionism Takes on Monsters Open
Chierchia (1989) and others have used the contrast between George hopes that he will win and Georges hopes to win in mistaken-self-identity scenarios, to argue for dedicated de se LFs. The argument, further strengthened by evidence of shif…
View article: Proper names as rigid presuppositions
Proper names as rigid presuppositions Open
Since Kripke introduced rigid designation as an alternative to the Frege/Russell analysis of referential terms as definite descriptions, there has been an ongoing debate between ‘descriptivists’ and ‘referentialists’, mostly focusing on th…
View article: Shifting perspectives in pictorial narratives
Shifting perspectives in pictorial narratives Open
We propose an extension of DRT for analyzing pictorial narratives. We test drive our PicDRT framework by analyzing the way authors represent characters’ mental states and perception in comics. Our investigation goes beyond Abusch and Rooth…
View article: Iterated 'de re': A New Puzzle for the Relational Report Semantics
Iterated 'de re': A New Puzzle for the Relational Report Semantics Open
I present and solve a puzzle involving iterated de re reports in a relational attitudes framework. The investigation shows that de re reporting is even more noncompositional than hypothesized earlier.
View article: On the exceptionality of reported speech
On the exceptionality of reported speech Open
Spronck and Nikitina (S&N) have taken on the task of defining a linguistic phenomenon that has managed to elude definition, despite playing a key role in many subfields of linguistics. In formal semantics in particular, speech reports have…
View article: To shift or not to shift: Quotation and attraction in DGS
To shift or not to shift: Quotation and attraction in DGS Open
There are two main competing views about the nature of sign language role shift within formal semantics today: Quer (2005) and Schlenker (2017a,b), following now standard analyses of indexical shift in spoken languages, analyze it as a so…
View article: Lying and Fiction
Lying and Fiction Open
Lying and fiction both involve the deliberate production of statements that fail to obey Grice’s first Maxim of Quality (“do not say what you believe to be false”). The question thus arises if we can provide a uniform analysis for fiction …
View article: Quotation, demonstration, and attraction in sign language role shift
Quotation, demonstration, and attraction in sign language role shift Open
Schlenker: Role shift as visible context shiftSign language researchers have devoted a lot of attention to role shift, a way of reporting what someone said, signed, thought or did.Typically, role shift is characterized as a kind of direct …
View article: The advantage of story-telling: children's interpretation of reported speech in narratives
The advantage of story-telling: children's interpretation of reported speech in narratives Open
Children struggle with the interpretation of pronouns in direct speech ( Ann said, “I get a cookie” ), but not in indirect speech ( Ann said that she gets a cookie ) (Köder & Maier, 2016). Yet children's books consistently favor direct ove…
View article: Fictional Names in Psychologistic Semantics
Fictional Names in Psychologistic Semantics Open
Fictional names pose a difficult puzzle for semantics. How can we maintain that Frodo is a hobbit, while admitting that Frodo does not exist? To dissolve this paradox, I propose a way to formalize the interpretation of fiction as ‘prescrip…