Eric R. Helms
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View article: Short term body mass manipulation in powerlifting: a narrative review and best practice recommendations
Short term body mass manipulation in powerlifting: a narrative review and best practice recommendations Open
Short Term Body Mass Manipulation (SBM) is frequently used in powerlifting by athletes to qualify for lower weight classes and improve relative competitiveness. The three primary physiological pathways that SBM leverages are gastrointestin…
View article: The Effect of Resistance Training Proximity to Failure on Muscular Adaptations and Longitudinal Fatigue in Trained Men
The Effect of Resistance Training Proximity to Failure on Muscular Adaptations and Longitudinal Fatigue in Trained Men Open
Purpose: This study examined the effect of proximity to failure on hypertrophy, strength, and fatigue. We hypothesized strength gains would be superior in non-failure groups compared to those that include sets to momentary failure, while h…
View article: The Effect of Resistance Training Volume on Individual-Level Skeletal Muscle Adaptations: <i>A Novel Replicated Within-Participant Unilateral Trial</i>
The Effect of Resistance Training Volume on Individual-Level Skeletal Muscle Adaptations: <i>A Novel Replicated Within-Participant Unilateral Trial</i> Open
Purpose There is growing emphasis on investigating heterogeneity in resistance training (RT) outcomes, likely motivated by observations of substantial gross variability in training effects. However, gross variability does not necessarily r…
View article: Effects of High Intensity Circuit Versus Traditional Strength Training on Physiological Responses in Trained Women
Effects of High Intensity Circuit Versus Traditional Strength Training on Physiological Responses in Trained Women Open
This study’s purpose was to compare differences in strength and body composition following high intensity circuit training (HICT) and traditional strength training (TS) in trained women. Fourteen participants (28.5 ± 5.4 years, 160.7 ± 6.1…
View article: Isoenergetic Pre‐Exercise Meals Varying in Carbohydrate Similarly Affect Resistance Training Volume Performance Compared to Placebo: A Crossover Trial
Isoenergetic Pre‐Exercise Meals Varying in Carbohydrate Similarly Affect Resistance Training Volume Performance Compared to Placebo: A Crossover Trial Open
Carbohydrate is an important fuel during moderate‐ to high‐intensity exercise. We hypothesised that pre‐exercise carbohydrate ingestion would improve resistance training (RT) volume performance. In a crossover design, sixteen resistance‐tr…
View article: The Effect of Proximity‐To‐Failure on Perceptual Responses to Resistance Training
The Effect of Proximity‐To‐Failure on Perceptual Responses to Resistance Training Open
Perceptual responses may influence how much pleasure or displeasure an individual experiences during or following resistance training (RT). Resistance‐trained males ( n = 12) and females ( n = 6) completed an 8‐week intervention involving …
View article: The effect of a combined long‐duration static stretching and resistance training regimen on a competitive bodybuilder: A case study
The effect of a combined long‐duration static stretching and resistance training regimen on a competitive bodybuilder: A case study Open
Both resistance training (RT) and long‐duration, high‐intensity stretching induce muscular adaptations; however, it is unknown whether the modalities are complementary or redundant, particularly in well‐trained individuals. A case‐study wa…
View article: Examining intra- and inter-device reliability of pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy in a multi-state sample of healthy adults
Examining intra- and inter-device reliability of pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy in a multi-state sample of healthy adults Open
Objective: To examine the intra- and inter-device reliability of devices using pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (the Veggie Meter®). Design: A cross-sectional research study was conducted across eight sites in the USA. Using two V…
View article: The associations between calorie tracking, body image dissatisfaction, eating disorders, and menstrual cycle characteristics in resistance-trained athletes
The associations between calorie tracking, body image dissatisfaction, eating disorders, and menstrual cycle characteristics in resistance-trained athletes Open
RT athletes exhibited a higher prevalence of calorie tracking than the general population. Competitive RT athletes were less likely to calorie restrict for aesthetic purposes than non-athletes, but more likely to calorie restrict for the p…
View article: An examination of the associations between nutritional peaking strategies in physique sport and competitor characteristics
An examination of the associations between nutritional peaking strategies in physique sport and competitor characteristics Open
The results of this survey provide further information on the nutritional peaking strategies implemented by competitors. Certain characteristics were identified as predictors of sodium loading and water restriction, and the range of daily …
View article: The effect of a bodybuilding carbohydrate-loading protocol on anthropometry: Preliminary findings from a randomized crossover trial
The effect of a bodybuilding carbohydrate-loading protocol on anthropometry: Preliminary findings from a randomized crossover trial Open
To acutely enhance muscle size and definition, carbohydrate (CHO)-loading protocols are commonly implemented by bodybuilders in the week before competition. This study sought to evaluate the effects of a bodybuilding CHO-loading protocol o…
View article: The Importance of Recovery in Resistance Training Microcycle Construction
The Importance of Recovery in Resistance Training Microcycle Construction Open
Systemic resistance training aims to enhance performance by balancing stress, fatigue and recovery. While fatigue is expected, insufficient recovery may temporarily impair performance. The aim of this review was to examine evidence regardi…
View article: Modeling the repetitions‐in‐reserve‐velocity relationship: a valid method for resistance training monitoring and prescription, and fatigue management
Modeling the repetitions‐in‐reserve‐velocity relationship: a valid method for resistance training monitoring and prescription, and fatigue management Open
Establishing a relationship between repetitions left in reserve and the mean absolute velocity (RIR‐velocity relationship) during resistance training (RT) could allow for objective monitoring, prescription, and real‐time adjustment of the …
View article: Menstrual cycle characteristics, hormonal contraceptive use and perceptions of related effects in resistance-trained athletes
Menstrual cycle characteristics, hormonal contraceptive use and perceptions of related effects in resistance-trained athletes Open
There has been an increased interest in the effects the menstrual cycle (MC) may have on sports performance. As a part of the MC, many females experience a wide range of symptoms related to hormonal fluctuations and menstrual bleeding, inc…
View article: Fueling for and recovering from resistance training: The periworkout nutrition practices of competitive powerlifters
Fueling for and recovering from resistance training: The periworkout nutrition practices of competitive powerlifters Open
The periworkout nutrition practices used by competitive powerlifters followed current sport nutrition guidelines, by using CHO sources to fuel for training and ensuring the provision of protein postexercise. Competitive powerlifters may wi…
View article: Peak Week Carbohydrate Manipulation Practices in Physique Athletes: A Narrative Review
Peak Week Carbohydrate Manipulation Practices in Physique Athletes: A Narrative Review Open
Background Physique athletes are ranked by a panel of judges against the judging criteria of the corresponding division. To enhance on-stage presentation and performance, competitors in certain categories (i.e. bodybuilding and classic phy…
View article: Similar muscle hypertrophy following eight weeks of resistance training to momentary muscular failure or with repetitions-in-reserve in resistance-trained individuals
Similar muscle hypertrophy following eight weeks of resistance training to momentary muscular failure or with repetitions-in-reserve in resistance-trained individuals Open
This study examined the influence of resistance training (RT) proximity-to-failure, determined by repetitions-in-reserve (RIR), on quadriceps hypertrophy and neuromuscular fatigue. Resistance-trained males (n = 12) and females (n = 6) comp…
View article: Supervision during Resistance Training: A Comparison of Trainer and Trainee Perceptions
Supervision during Resistance Training: A Comparison of Trainer and Trainee Perceptions Open
Background: Resistance training has well-documented health benefits; however, participation and adherence remain overwhelmingly low. Supervision has been evidenced to improve adherence, and produce favourable adaptations compared to unsupe…
View article: Effect of Small and Large Energy Surpluses on Strength, Muscle, and Skinfold Thickness in Resistance-Trained Individuals: A Parallel Groups Design
Effect of Small and Large Energy Surpluses on Strength, Muscle, and Skinfold Thickness in Resistance-Trained Individuals: A Parallel Groups Design Open
Background Many perform resistance training (RT) to increase muscle mass and strength. Energy surpluses are advised to support such gains; however, if too large, could cause unnecessary fat gain. We randomized 21 trained lifters performing…
View article: Optimizing Research Methodology for the Detection of Individual Response Variation in Resistance Training
Optimizing Research Methodology for the Detection of Individual Response Variation in Resistance Training Open
Most resistance training research focuses on group-level outcomes (i.e., group A versus group B). However, many practitioners are more interested in training responses on the individual level (i.e., intervention A versus intervention B for…
View article: Effect of Small and Large Energy Surpluses on Strength, Muscle, and Skinfold Thickness
Effect of Small and Large Energy Surpluses on Strength, Muscle, and Skinfold Thickness Open
Background A goal of many who perform resistance training (RT) is to increase muscle mass and strength. An energy surplus is commonly advised to support such gains; however, if too large, it could cause unwanted fat gain without augmenting…
View article: Bodybuilding Coaching Strategies Meet Evidence-Based Recommendations: A Qualitative Approach
Bodybuilding Coaching Strategies Meet Evidence-Based Recommendations: A Qualitative Approach Open
Bodybuilding is a sport where coaches commonly recommend a variety of nutrition and exercise protocols, supplements, and, sometimes, performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs). The present study sought to gain an understanding of the common decisi…