Emma Nichols
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View article: The measurement of cognition in large-scale cross-national surveys: Lessons from the Health and Retirement International Network of Studies and the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol
The measurement of cognition in large-scale cross-national surveys: Lessons from the Health and Retirement International Network of Studies and the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol Open
Objectives Global dementia prevalence is expected to triple by 2050 with the majority of cases occuring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), prompting the need for robust cognitive measurement tools in global aging research. The He…
View article: Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP): What Makes an HCAP an HCAP? An Adaptive Architecture for Measuring Cognitive Aging Around the World
Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP): What Makes an HCAP an HCAP? An Adaptive Architecture for Measuring Cognitive Aging Around the World Open
Objectives Harmonized cognitive batteries are crucial for studying cognitive impairment and dementia in aging populations globally. Challenges persist in administering them in a way that maintains both cross-national comparability and loca…
View article: Particulate air pollution from different emission sources, cognitive performance, and cognitive declines in India
Particulate air pollution from different emission sources, cognitive performance, and cognitive declines in India Open
Higher long-term total ambient PM2.5 concentrations and those from residential combustion sources were associated with accelerated cognitive declines. This suggests that intervention in residential sources might reduce or delay …
View article: New landscape of the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
New landscape of the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease Open
Alzheimer's disease involves a drastic departure from the cognitive, functional, and behavioural trajectory of normal ageing, and is both a dreaded and highly prevalent cause of disability to individuals, and a leading source of health and…
View article: Common methodological issues in observational epidemiological studies of older adults
Common methodological issues in observational epidemiological studies of older adults Open
View article: The prevalence and correlates of obstructive lung disease among adults aged 45 and above in India: Findings from the longitudinal aging study in India
The prevalence and correlates of obstructive lung disease among adults aged 45 and above in India: Findings from the longitudinal aging study in India Open
Despite its high disease burden, few existing estimates of the prevalence of obstructive lung disease in India are based on high-quality data sources. To our knowledge, prior studies at the national level have not included objective measur…
View article: The impact of using self-report versus objective measures of cardiometabolic conditions in epidemiologic research: a case study from India using data from the longitudinal aging study in India
The impact of using self-report versus objective measures of cardiometabolic conditions in epidemiologic research: a case study from India using data from the longitudinal aging study in India Open
Introduction In low- and middle-income countries, self-reported data on chronic cardiometabolic conditions such as high blood pressure and diabetes are commonly used in large-scale epidemiologic studies because implementing objective measu…
View article: Sex Differences in Associations of Lewy Body Disease with Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Decline
Sex Differences in Associations of Lewy Body Disease with Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Decline Open
Objective To investigate how sex and age at menopause influence the interplay between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD) neuropathologies, and their associations with cognitive decline. Methods We analyzed data from: (1) …
View article: Risk and protective factors against cognitive decline in older adults from a nationally representative sample in India: Results from the LASI-DAD
Risk and protective factors against cognitive decline in older adults from a nationally representative sample in India: Results from the LASI-DAD Open
INTRODUCTION We characterized modifiable risk and protective factors for cognitive decline in India. METHODS Using the first nationally representative population-based longitudinal sample of N=6,168 older adults in India, we evaluated asso…
View article: The association between multilingualism and cognitive function among literate and illiterate older adults with low education in India
The association between multilingualism and cognitive function among literate and illiterate older adults with low education in India Open
Introduction This study examined whether multilingualism modified the adverse effect of illiteracy on cognition among older Indian adults with low to no formal schooling. Methods Data came from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India‐Diagnos…
View article: Immigration, acculturation, and diabetes: A comparative study of diabetes prevalence among Asian Indian immigrants living in the United States and native-born populations in India and the United States
Immigration, acculturation, and diabetes: A comparative study of diabetes prevalence among Asian Indian immigrants living in the United States and native-born populations in India and the United States Open
Despite evidence that Indian immigrants in high-income countries have higher diabetes risk, few studies have directly compared Indian immigrants to both Indians in India and the general population. We compared diabetes prevalence in the Me…
View article: Diabetes and all-cause mortality among middle-aged and older adults in China, England, Mexico, rural South Africa, and the USA: a population-based study of longitudinal aging cohorts
Diabetes and all-cause mortality among middle-aged and older adults in China, England, Mexico, rural South Africa, and the USA: a population-based study of longitudinal aging cohorts Open
Objective There is a need for comparable worldwide data on the impact of diabetes on mortality. This study assessed diabetes and all-cause mortality among middle-aged and older adults in five countries. Research design and methods We analy…
View article: The association between adult child education and cognitive functioning among older parents: A cross‐national comparison of diverse contexts
The association between adult child education and cognitive functioning among older parents: A cross‐national comparison of diverse contexts Open
INTRODUCTION The association between adult child educational attainment and older parent's cognitive health may vary across diverse contexts but cross‐national comparisons have been limited by differences in outcome assessment, study desig…
View article: The added value of metadata on test completion time for the quantification of cognitive functioning in survey research
The added value of metadata on test completion time for the quantification of cognitive functioning in survey research Open
Objective: Information on the time spent completing cognitive testing is often collected, but such data are not typically considered when quantifying cognition in large-scale community-based surveys. We sought to evaluate the added value o…
View article: Dementia ascertainment in India and development of nation‐specific cutoffs: A machine learning and diagnostic analysis
Dementia ascertainment in India and development of nation‐specific cutoffs: A machine learning and diagnostic analysis Open
Introduction Cognitive assessments are useful in ascertaining dementia but may be influenced by patient characteristics. India's distinct culture and demographics warrant investigation into population‐specific cutoffs. Methods Data were ut…
View article: Harmonization of Cognitive Performance Measures across Five European Countries: Results from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe -Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol
Harmonization of Cognitive Performance Measures across Five European Countries: Results from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe -Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol Open
View article: Association of Majority versus Minority First Language Multilingualism and Socioeconomic Status on Cognition among Older Indian Adults
Association of Majority versus Minority First Language Multilingualism and Socioeconomic Status on Cognition among Older Indian Adults Open
Background Some research suggests that multilingualism confers a cognitive advantage, but this association may be confounded by linguistic and socioeconomic factors. Multilinguals can differ on their first language such that it could be a …
View article: The incidence of all‐cause dementia and Alzheimer’s disease from around the world: data from the COSMIC collaboration
The incidence of all‐cause dementia and Alzheimer’s disease from around the world: data from the COSMIC collaboration Open
Background High‐income countries (HICs) are over‐represented in current global dementia incidence rates, skewing estimates. Variance in diagnostic methods between HICs and low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) is speculated to contribut…
View article: MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH OF OLDER ADULTS: INSIGHTS FROM CROSS-NATIONAL CONTEXTS
MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH OF OLDER ADULTS: INSIGHTS FROM CROSS-NATIONAL CONTEXTS Open
Comparing the aging experience across country contexts offers a unique opportunity to determine whether observed differences in mental and physical health of older adults reflect a universal aging process or if they depend on the unique so…
View article: ADDED VALUE OF TIMING DATA FOR THE ESTIMATION OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN SURVEY RESEARCH
ADDED VALUE OF TIMING DATA FOR THE ESTIMATION OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN SURVEY RESEARCH Open
The use of speeded tests to assess cognition supports the notion that response times on cognitive tests contain meaningful information about cognitive functioning. Although information on the time spent completing cognitive tests is often …
View article: Measurement Error and Methodologic Issues in Analyses of the Proportion of Variance Explained in Cognition
Measurement Error and Methodologic Issues in Analyses of the Proportion of Variance Explained in Cognition Open
Existing studies examining the predictive ability of biomarkers for cognitive outcomes do not account for variance due to measurement error, which could lead to under-estimates of the proportion of variance explained. We used data from the…
View article: Modifiable risk factors for dementia in India: a cross-sectional study revisiting estimates and reassessing prevention potential and priorities
Modifiable risk factors for dementia in India: a cross-sectional study revisiting estimates and reassessing prevention potential and priorities Open
Background About 16% of worldwide dementia cases are in India. Evaluating the prospects for dementia prevention in India requires knowledge of context-specific risk factors, as relationships between risk factors and dementia observed in hi…
View article: The association between BMI and cognition in India: data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI)
The association between BMI and cognition in India: data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) Open
View article: The Influence of Vision Impairment on the Measurement of Cognition in Older Adults in India: Findings From LASI-DAD
The Influence of Vision Impairment on the Measurement of Cognition in Older Adults in India: Findings From LASI-DAD Open
Background and Objectives Prior investigations have not considered whether poor vision biases cognitive testing. However, such research is vital given increasing evidence that vision impairment (VI) may be an important modifiable risk fact…
View article: Development and assessment of analytic methods to improve the measurement of cognition in longitudinal studies of aging through the use of substudies with comprehensive neuropsychological testing
Development and assessment of analytic methods to improve the measurement of cognition in longitudinal studies of aging through the use of substudies with comprehensive neuropsychological testing Open
INTRODUCTION The Health and Retirement Study International Partner Surveys (HRS IPS) have rich longitudinal data, but the brevity of cognitive batteries is a limitation. METHODS We used data from a substudy of the English Longitudinal Stud…
View article: Considerations for the use of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) in cross‐country comparisons of cognitive aging and dementia
Considerations for the use of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) in cross‐country comparisons of cognitive aging and dementia Open
INTRODUCTION Informant reports are a critical component of dementia diagnoses, but the comparability of informant reports across countries is not well understood. METHODS We compared the performance of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognit…
View article: Declining motor and cognitive functioning and the role of gait in dementia
Declining motor and cognitive functioning and the role of gait in dementia Open
Poor motor function, including gait dysfunction, is often observed in people with dementia.1O'Keeffe ST Kazeem H Philpott RM Playfer JR Gosney M Lye M Gait disturbance in Alzheimer's disease: a clinical study.Age Ageing. 1996; 25: 313-316C…
View article: Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 Open
View article: Prevalence of DSM-5 mild and major neurocognitive disorder in India: Results from the LASI-DAD
Prevalence of DSM-5 mild and major neurocognitive disorder in India: Results from the LASI-DAD Open
Introduction India, with its rapidly aging population, faces an alarming burden of dementia. We implemented DSM-5 criteria in large-scale, nationally representative survey data in India to characterize the prevalence of mild and major Neur…
View article: Mental Health Impacts of COVID-19: Does Prepandemic Cognition and Dementia Status Matter?
Mental Health Impacts of COVID-19: Does Prepandemic Cognition and Dementia Status Matter? Open
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted daily life and led to sharp shocks in trends for various health outcomes. Although substantial evidence exists linking the pandemic and mental health outcomes and linkin…