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View article: Building sustainable TB care systems: managing incentives in private sector engagement
Building sustainable TB care systems: managing incentives in private sector engagement Open
Private sector engagement (PSE) plays a vital role in enhancing TB care. Global Fund-supported PSE activities contributed to improved TB notifications and treatment outcomes, especially where non-financial incentives were complemented by f…
View article: Acceptance and Completion Rates of 3-Month Isoniazid-Rifampicin (3HR) Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment (TPT) Among Contacts of Bacteriologically Confirmed TB Patients—Patients’ and Healthcare Workers’ Perspectives
Acceptance and Completion Rates of 3-Month Isoniazid-Rifampicin (3HR) Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment (TPT) Among Contacts of Bacteriologically Confirmed TB Patients—Patients’ and Healthcare Workers’ Perspectives Open
Providing tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) to close contacts of persons with TB is a core strategy recommended by WHO for the prevention and control of TB. Nigeria rolled out the 3-month Isoniazid-Rifampicin (3HR) shorter regimen TP…
View article: Optimizing diagnostic networks to increase patient access to TB diagnostic services: Development of the diagnostic network optimization (DNO) approach and learnings from its application in Kenya, India and the Philippines
Optimizing diagnostic networks to increase patient access to TB diagnostic services: Development of the diagnostic network optimization (DNO) approach and learnings from its application in Kenya, India and the Philippines Open
Diagnostic network optimization (DNO) is an analytical approach that enables use of available country data to inform evidence-based decision-making to optimize access to diagnostic services. A DNO methodology was developed using available …
View article: Accuracy of computer-aided chest X-ray in community-based tuberculosis screening: Lessons from the 2016 Kenya National Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey
Accuracy of computer-aided chest X-ray in community-based tuberculosis screening: Lessons from the 2016 Kenya National Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey Open
Community-based screening for tuberculosis (TB) could improve detection but is resource intensive. We set out to evaluate the accuracy of computer-aided TB screening using digital chest X-ray (CXR) to determine if this approach met target …
View article: Improving TB case notification and treatment coverage through data use
Improving TB case notification and treatment coverage through data use Open
BACKGROUND: This was a study on national TB data. OBJECTIVE: To assess improvement in TB case notification and treatment coverage through improved data use for action in Nigeria DESIGN: We analysed pre- and post-intervention secondary TB p…
View article: TB training in Kenya: building capacity for care and prevention
TB training in Kenya: building capacity for care and prevention Open
BACKGROUND: Devolution of healthcare services in Kenya resulted in a large number of newly recruited tuberculosis (TB) coordinators. We describe a unique collaboration between a national tuberculosis program (NTP), a local, and an internat…
View article: Accuracy of computer-aided chest X-ray screening in the Kenya National Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey
Accuracy of computer-aided chest X-ray screening in the Kenya National Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey Open
Background Community-based screening for tuberculosis (TB) could improve detection but is resource intensive. We set out to evaluate the accuracy of computer-aided TB screening using digital chest X-ray (CXR) to determine if this approach …
View article: Can isoniazid preventive therapy be scaled up rapidly? Lessons learned in Kenya, 2014–2018
Can isoniazid preventive therapy be scaled up rapidly? Lessons learned in Kenya, 2014–2018 Open
BACKGROUND: TB is the leading cause of mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV), for whom isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) has a proven mortality benefit. Despite WHO recommendations, countries have been slow in scaling up IPT. Thi…
View article: Closing the loop in child TB contact management: completion of TB preventive therapy outcomes in western Kenya
Closing the loop in child TB contact management: completion of TB preventive therapy outcomes in western Kenya Open
Setting Children especially those <5 years of age exposed to pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) are at a high risk of severe TB disease and death. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) has been shown to decrease disease progression by up to 90%. Ken…
View article: ‘If not TB, what could it be?’ Chest X-ray findings from the 2016 Kenya Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey
‘If not TB, what could it be?’ Chest X-ray findings from the 2016 Kenya Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey Open
Background The prevalence of diseases other than TB detected during chest X-ray (CXR) screening is unknown in sub-Saharan Africa. This represents a missed opportunity for identification and treatment of potentially significant disease. Our…
View article: Gender difference in mortality among pulmonary tuberculosis HIV co-infected adults aged 15-49 years in Kenya
Gender difference in mortality among pulmonary tuberculosis HIV co-infected adults aged 15-49 years in Kenya Open
Setting Kenya, 2012–2015 Objective To explore whether there is a gender difference in all-cause mortality among smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB)/ HIV co-infected patients treated for tuberculosis (TB) between 2012 and 2015 in Ke…
View article: Outcomes of isoniazid preventive therapy among people living with HIV in Kenya: A retrospective study of routine health care data
Outcomes of isoniazid preventive therapy among people living with HIV in Kenya: A retrospective study of routine health care data Open
Introduction Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) taken by People Living with HIV (PLHIV) protects against active tuberculosis (TB). Despite its recommendation, data is scarce on the uptake of IPT among PLHIV and factors associated with trea…
View article: Improving case detection of tuberculosis in hospitalised Kenyan children—employing the behaviour change wheel to aid intervention design and implementation
Improving case detection of tuberculosis in hospitalised Kenyan children—employing the behaviour change wheel to aid intervention design and implementation Open
Background The true burden of tuberculosis in children remains unknown, but approximately 65% go undetected each year. Guidelines for tuberculosis clinical decision-making are in place in Kenya, and the National Tuberculosis programme cond…
View article: Improving case detection of tuberculosis in hospitalised Kenyan children– employing the Behaviour Change Wheel to aid intervention design and implementation
Improving case detection of tuberculosis in hospitalised Kenyan children– employing the Behaviour Change Wheel to aid intervention design and implementation Open
Background The true burden of tuberculosis in children remains unknown, but approximately 65% go undetected each year. Guidelines for tuberculosis clinical decision-making are in place in Kenya and the National Tuberculosis programme condu…
View article: It's not TB but what could it be? Abnormalities on chest X-rays taken during the Kenya National Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey
It's not TB but what could it be? Abnormalities on chest X-rays taken during the Kenya National Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey Open
Background: The prevalence of diseases other than tuberculosis (TB) detected during chest X-ray (CXR) screening is unknown in sub-Saharan Africa. This represents a missed opportunity for identification and treatment of potentially signific…
View article: Improving case detection of tuberculosis in hospitalised Kenyan children– employing the Behaviour Change Wheel to aid intervention design and implementation
Improving case detection of tuberculosis in hospitalised Kenyan children– employing the Behaviour Change Wheel to aid intervention design and implementation Open
Background The true burden of tuberculosis in children remains unknown, but approximately 65% go undetected each year. Guidelines for tuberculosis clinical decision-making are in place in Kenya and the National Tuberculosis programme condu…
View article: Improving case detection of tuberculosis in hospitalised Kenyan children– employing the Behaviour Change Wheel to aid intervention design and implementation
Improving case detection of tuberculosis in hospitalised Kenyan children– employing the Behaviour Change Wheel to aid intervention design and implementation Open
Background The true burden of tuberculosis in children remains unknown, but approximately 65% go undetected each year. Guidelines for tuberculosis clinical decision-making are in place in Kenya and the National Tuberculosis programme condu…
View article: Outcomes of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy among people living with HIV in Kenya: A retrospective study of routine health care data
Outcomes of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy among people living with HIV in Kenya: A retrospective study of routine health care data Open
Introduction Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) taken by People Living with HIV (PLHIV) protects against tuberculosis (TB). Despite its recommendation, there is scarcity of data on the uptake of IPT among PLHIV and factors associated with …
View article: The potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis: a modelling analysis
The potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis: a modelling analysis Open
Background Routine services for tuberculosis (TB) are being disrupted by stringent lockdowns against the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus. We sought to estimate the potential long-term epidemiological impact of such disruptions on TB burden in high-…
View article: The spatial epidemiology of leprosy in Kenya: A retrospective study
The spatial epidemiology of leprosy in Kenya: A retrospective study Open
Leprosy incidence exhibits geographical variation and there is need to institute tailored local control measures in these areas to reduce the burden of disability.
View article: Building a tuberculosis-free world: The Lancet Commission on tuberculosis
Building a tuberculosis-free world: The Lancet Commission on tuberculosis Open
markdownabstract___Key messages___
\nThe Commission recommends five priority investments to achieve a tuberculosis-free world within a generation. These investments are designed to fulfil the mandate of the UN High Level Meeting on tuberc…
View article: Kenya tuberculosis prevalence survey 2016: Challenges and opportunities of ending TB in Kenya
Kenya tuberculosis prevalence survey 2016: Challenges and opportunities of ending TB in Kenya Open
This survey established that TB prevalence in Kenya is higher than had been estimated, and about half of the those who fall ill with the disease each year are missed.
View article: Additional file 2: of Variability in distribution and use of tuberculosis diagnostic tests in Kenya: a cross-sectional survey
Additional file 2: of Variability in distribution and use of tuberculosis diagnostic tests in Kenya: a cross-sectional survey Open
Univariate analysis and Model Diagnostics. (DOCX 96 kb)
View article: 4th National Anti-tuberculosis Drug Resistance Survey in Kenya
4th National Anti-tuberculosis Drug Resistance Survey in Kenya Open
Introduction: Recently rapid development of drug resistant TB, particularly MDR TB (Multi Drug Resistant TB) and XDRTB (Extensively Drug-Resistant TB) possess a major threat to control of tuberculosis globally.Information on the extent of …