Explanipedia

Translational Molecular and Fluid Biomarkers for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Practical Insights from Animal Models and Humans Open

Simona Intonti, Chiara Olivieri, Michele Reibaldi, Enrico Borrelli, Claudia Curcio , et al. · 2025

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible central vision loss. Its pathogenesis is complex and multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition, inflammation, oxidative stress, and environmental influences, …

AI-Assisted OCT Clinical Phenotypes of Diabetic Macular Edema: A Large Cohort Clustering Study Open

Edoardo Midena, Marco Lupidi, Lisa Toto, Giuseppe Covello, Daniele Veritti , et al. · 2025

Purpose: To characterize, using clustering analysis, the OCT morphological and clinical phenotypes of diabetic macular edema (DME) in a very large population (>2000 DME eyes) using standardized and validated OCT-based biomarkers. Methods: …

Consensus on age‐related macular degeneration course curricula for general ophthalmologists and non‐ophthalmologist clinical staff: A Delphi study Open

Filip Sommer‐Lind, Yousif Subhi, Anna Stage Vergmann, Monica Lövestam Adrian, Nis Andersen , et al. · 2025

Purpose To define the curriculum content for two interactive learning courses on age‐related macular degeneration (AMD): (1) an advanced course tailored for general ophthalmologists and (2) a basic course for non‐ophthalmologist healthcare…

Retinal Vessel Changes in Geographic Atrophy in AMD: Insights From Imaging and Histology Open

Chiara Olivieri, Antonio Fai, Imran Ahmed Bhutto, D. Scott McLeod, Giovanni Neri , et al. · 2025

Retinal vascular changes in GA predominantly occur within regions of RPE atrophy. The preservation of perfusion in regions without RPE atrophy suggests that vascular impairment is localized. These findings underscore the importance of regi…

Biomarkers of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Translational Perspective Open

Simona Intonti, Chiara Olivieri, Michele Reibaldi, Enrico Borrelli, Claudia Curcio , et al. · 2025

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible central vision loss characterized by complex multifactorial pathogenesis involving genetic, inflammatory, oxidative, and environmental factors. This review provides …

Deep Learning Model for Automated Classification of Macular Neovascularization Subtypes in AMD Open

Giovanni Neri, Chiara Rebecchi, Jonathan D. Oakley, Chiara Olivieri, Federico Ricardi , et al. · 2025

The proposed deep learning model demonstrated high accuracy in classifying MNV subtypes on structural OCT, with improved performance following homogenization. This tool could assist clinicians in accurately and efficiently diagnosing MNV s…

Choroidal Hyperreflective Foci Represent a Common Finding Across Different Types of Macular Atrophy Open

Lorena Ulla, Claudio Foti, Alessandro Arrigo, Maurízio Battaglia Parodi, Maria Vittoria Cicinelli , et al. · 2025

HRFs represent a common OCT finding in various disorders associated with macular atrophy. Their quantity correlates with atrophy size rather than disease type, suggesting they are likely normal choroidal components rendered visible by RPE …

Choriocapillaris in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography–Based Assessments and Challenges in Standardization Open

Alessandro Berni, Claudio Foti, Lorena Ulla, Chinmayi Vyas, Jay Chhablani , et al. · 2025

Macular fibrosis in neovascular AMD: inter-reader and intermodality variability across four imaging modalities Open

Andrea Coletto, Sonia Serafino, Chiara Olivieri, Valentina Marica, Pasquale Viggiano , et al. · 2025

Structural OCT is the most reliable modality for quantifying macular fibrosis in neovascular AMD. The observed intermodality variability highlights the need for standardized criteria in fibrosis assessment across imaging techniques, as dif…

Predictors of Macular Atrophy after Serous Pigment Epithelial Detachment Collapse in Type 3 Macular Neovascularization and Age-Related Macular Degeneration Open

Alessandro Berni, Claudio Foti, Francesco Bandello, Francesco Boscia, Mark P. Breazzano , et al. · 2025

Postreceptor Neural Loss in Patients With Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Open

Beatrice Ghezzo, Andrea Ghilardi, Maria Chiara Marena, Pasquale Viggiano, Francesco Boscia , et al. · 2025

Photoreceptor damage in chronic CSC is associated with inner retinal thinning, supporting the hypothesis of postreceptor neural loss. These findings provide further insights into the broader retinal involvement in CSC and may have implicat…

Imaging of Geographic Atrophy: A Practical Approach Open

Gregor S. Reiter, Enrico Borrelli, Rosa Dolz‐Marco, Raymond Iezzi, Sophie J. Bakri · 2025

Scleral Thickness in Eyes with Pachychoroid Pigment Epitheliopathy Accompanied by Keratoconus Open

Paolo Forte, Alessandro Feo, Hideki Koizumi, Enrico Borrelli, Riccardo Manocchio , et al. · 2025

Impact of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy on neovascular exudative age‐related macular degeneration Open

Pasquale Viggiano, Michele Santoro, Giacomo Boscia, Annamaria Porreca, Enrico Borrelli , et al. · 2025

Background To evaluate the functional and morphological changes in patients with nAMD undergoing anti‐VEGF therapy, focusing on the impact of concomitant diabetes with or without diabetic retinopathy. Methods This retrospective cohort stud…

Comparative efficacy of intravitreal anti‐VEGF therapy for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration: A systematic review with network meta‐analysis Open

Emilie T. S. Butler, Andreas Arnold‐Vangsted, Marianne Guldager Schou, Rodrigo Anguita, Jakob Bjerager , et al. · 2025

The aim of this review was to evaluate the comparative efficacy of intravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) therapy for neovascular AMD. We searched 12 literature databases for randomised clinical trials (RCT) on an…

Incidence and reasons for discontinuation of anti-VEGF treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration Open

Enrico Borrelli, Claudio Foti, Lorena Ulla, Annamaria Porreca, Ugo Introini , et al. · 2025

Purpose To explore the factors and frequency of interruptions in intravitreal treatment for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to evaluate the demographic and clinical factors linked to the reasons for dis…

En face OCT: Breakthroughs in understanding the pathoanatomy of retinal disease and clinical applications Open

Alessandro Feo, Prithvi Ramtohul, Andrea Govetto, Enrico Borrelli, Riccardo Sacconi , et al. · 2025

En face optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a practical and informative imaging modality to noninvasively visualize distinct retinal and choroidal layers by providing coronal images using boundary-specific segmentation. Ongoing research …

Novel Surgical Approach for Aphakia and Iridodialysis: Artificial Iris and Scleral-Fixated Lens as a Single Complex Open

Guglielmo Parisi, Agostino Salvatore Vaiano, Claudio Foti, Francesco Gelormini, Federico Ricardi , et al. · 2025

Background: Artificial iris (AI) implantation is an innovative and increasingly utilized surgical procedure for injured eyes with iris trauma. Methods: A 76-year-old female and a 34-year-old male presented at the emergency department with …

Capturing the transition from intermediate to neovascular AMD: Longitudinal changes in choroidal volume and choroidal vascularity index Open

Enrico Borrelli, Mohammed Abdul Rasheed, Costanza Barresi, Kiran Kumar Vupparaboina, Pasquale Viggiano , et al. · 2025

Background To perform a three-dimensional assessment of the choroid, including choroidal volume and choroidal vascularity index (CVI), during the transition from intermediate to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and follo…

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Flow Signal in Non-Treatment-Naïve Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treated with Faricimab Open

Max Brinkmann, Tom Müller, Michel S. Koster, Jakob Schweighofer, Mathis Danckwardt , et al. · 2025

Background and Objectives: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains a leading cause of legal blindness. Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) agents are the first-line treatment for neovascular AMD (nAMD). The choroid plays …

Topographic Pattern-Based Nomogram to Guide Keraring Implantation in Eyes with Mild to Moderate Keratoconus: Visual and Refractive Outcome Open

Ugo de Sanctis, Paolo Caselgrandi, Carla Di Gennaro, Cecilia Tosi, Enrico Borrelli , et al. · 2025

Background: To assess the outcome of Keraring (Mediphacos, Brazil) implantation according to a topographic pattern-based nomogram in eyes with mild to moderate keratoconus. Materials and Methods: A topographic pattern-based nomogram was us…

Macular Atrophy in Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration Open

Alessandro Berni, Andrea Coletto, Jianqing Li, Mengxi Shen, Francesco Bandello , et al. · 2025

Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

Visual Performance and Predictive OCT Biomarkers in Epiretinal Membrane Assessment: Beyond Distance Visual Acuity Open

Francesco Gelormini, Federico Ricardi, Guglielmo Parisi, Veronica Vallino, Beatrice Ghezzo , et al. · 2025

The iERM predominantly impacts near visual performance, with near visual acuity and reading speed being more affected than distance visual acuity. Structural OCT biomarkers, particularly retinal thickness in specific regions, correlate wit…

Topographical Quantification of Hyper-Reflective Foci May Predict the Development of Macular Atrophy in Patients With Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Open

Pasquale Viggiano, Giacomo Boscia, Giuseppe Giannaccare, Michele Santoro, Giovanni Petrara , et al. · 2024

After only 1 year of antiangiogenic therapy, there was a significant decrease in HRFs observed across all retinal layers. This reduction persisted even after 2 years of anti-VEGF treatment. Notably, the quantity of HRFs in the outer retina…

The Umbra and the Penumbra: Longitudinal Effects of Geographic Atrophy in AMD on the Outer Choroid by Imaging Analysis and Histopathological Correlation Open

Enrico Borrelli, F. Cappellani, José S. Pulido, Daniel Pauleikhoff, Imran Ahmed Bhutto , et al. · 2024

The outer choroidal vessels seem to decrease with time within the area of GA. The outer vessels decrease over time in eyes where the GA progresses. This finding may suggest that these vessels are under a very tight paracrine control.

Micropulse Laser versus Eplerenone for Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A 12-Month Comparison Open

Pasquale Viggiano, Giacomo Boscia, Enrico Borrelli, Federica Evangelista, Ermete Giancipoli , et al. · 2024

Both NSML and EPL improved retinal morphology and visual function in patients with cCSC. NSML achieved faster SRF resolution, while EPL resulted in more significant choroidal thickness reduction. These findings suggest distinct mechanisms …

Vitrectomy in Small idiopathic MAcuLar hoLe (SMALL) study: Internal limiting membrane peeling versus no peeling Open

Paola Marolo, Paolo Caselgrandi, Matteo Fallico, Guglielmo Parisi, Enrico Borrelli , et al. · 2024

Purpose To compare vitrectomy with and without internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in small idiopathic macular holes. Methods Retrospective multicentre study including consecutive eyes with ≤250 μm idiopathic macular hole treated with…

Alterations in optical coherence tomography angiography parameters after cataract surgery in patients with diabetes Open

Jin‐Soo Kim, Seonggyun Kim, Enrico Borrelli, Min Seon Park, Bum‐Joo Cho , et al. · 2024

This prospective study aimed to investigate microvascular changes in diabetic patients undergoing cataract surgery. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, as well as vessel density (VD) in the macula and radial peripapillary capillary plexus (R…

Symptomatic Vitreous Opacities: Exploring the Mismatch between Clinical Observation of Vitreous Alterations and Self-Reported Symptoms Open

Giulio Bamonte, Clemente Maria Iodice, Rodolfo Mastropasqua, Elon H. C. van Dijk, Andrea Appeltans , et al. · 2024

Objectives: To assess the mismatch between the clinical observation of vitreous alterations and self-reported symptoms in young patients complaining of symptomatic vitreous opacities (SVO). Methods: The ophthalmic medical records of young …

Safety, Tolerability, and Short-Term Efficacy of Low-Level Light Therapy for Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Open

Enrico Borrelli, Giulia Coco, Marco Pellegrini, Marco Mura, Nicolò Ciarmatori , et al. · 2024

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