Éric Berger
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View article: The olfactory bulb endocast as a proxy for mammalian olfaction
The olfactory bulb endocast as a proxy for mammalian olfaction Open
Olfaction is a critical sense for tetrapods, playing a key role in survival and reproduction by aiding in food detection, predator avoidance, and social interactions. Olfactory performance has been experimentally tested in only a few taxa,…
View article: The endocranial anatomy of protocetids and its implications for early whale evolution
The endocranial anatomy of protocetids and its implications for early whale evolution Open
Extant whales, dolphins, and porpoises result from a major macroevolutionary lifestyle transition that transformed land-dwelling cetaceans into fully aquatic species. This involved significant changes in sensory systems. The increase in br…
View article: Cognitive Phenotyping and Interpretation of Alzheimer Blood Biomarkers
Cognitive Phenotyping and Interpretation of Alzheimer Blood Biomarkers Open
Importance Blood phosphorylated tau 217 (p-tau217) showed good performance in predicting brain amyloidosis. However, the importance of detailed cognitive phenotyping in patients without dementia when interpreting p-tau217 results remains u…
View article: High-Efficacy Therapy Discontinuation vs Continuation in Patients 50 Years and Older With Nonactive MS
High-Efficacy Therapy Discontinuation vs Continuation in Patients 50 Years and Older With Nonactive MS Open
Importance A recent randomized clinical trial concluded that discontinuing medium-efficacy therapy might be a reasonable option for older patients with nonactive multiple sclerosis (MS), but there is a lack of data on discontinuing high-ef…
View article: Highly Effective Therapies as First-Line Treatment for Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis
Highly Effective Therapies as First-Line Treatment for Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis Open
Importance Moderately effective therapies (METs) have been the main treatment in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) for years. Despite the expanding use of highly effective therapies (HETs), treatment strategies for POMS still lack …
View article: COVID-19 outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis: Understanding changes from 2020 to 2022
COVID-19 outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis: Understanding changes from 2020 to 2022 Open
Background: Epidemiologic studies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) have focused on the first waves of the pandemic until early 2021. Objectives: We aimed to extend these data from the onset …
View article: Comparison of 2 Methods for Estimating Multiple Sclerosis–Related Mortality
Comparison of 2 Methods for Estimating Multiple Sclerosis–Related Mortality Open
EMF has the great advantage of not requiring death certificates, their quality being less than optimal. Conceptually, it also seems more relevant because it avoids having to state, for each individual, whether death was directly or indirec…
View article: Association Between Anti-CD20 Therapies and COVID-19 Severity Among Patients With Relapsing-Remitting and Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Association Between Anti-CD20 Therapies and COVID-19 Severity Among Patients With Relapsing-Remitting and Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Open
Importance In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), factors associated with severe COVID-19 include anti-CD20 therapies and neurologic disability, but it is still unclear whether these 2 variables are independently associated with severe …
View article: Immune Profiling Reveals the T-Cell Effect of Ocrelizumab in Early Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Immune Profiling Reveals the T-Cell Effect of Ocrelizumab in Early Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Open
Our study provides novel insights into the mode of action of anti-CD20, pointing toward the role of EM T cells, particularly a subset of CD8 T cells expressing CCR5.
View article: Investigating the Long-term Effect of Pregnancy on the Course of Multiple Sclerosis Using Causal Inference
Investigating the Long-term Effect of Pregnancy on the Course of Multiple Sclerosis Using Causal Inference Open
Using a causal inference approach, we found no evidence of significantly deleterious or beneficial long-term effects of pregnancy on disability. The beneficial effects found in other studies were probably related to a reverse causation bia…
View article: Disease Reactivation After Cessation of Disease-Modifying Therapy in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Disease Reactivation After Cessation of Disease-Modifying Therapy in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Open
This study provides Class III that disease reactivation occurs within months of discontinuation of MS disease-modifying therapies. The risk of disease activity is reduced by commencement of a subsequent therapy.
View article: Long-Term Effectiveness, Safety and Tolerability of Fingolimod in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in Real-World Treatment Settings in France: The VIRGILE Study
Long-Term Effectiveness, Safety and Tolerability of Fingolimod in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in Real-World Treatment Settings in France: The VIRGILE Study Open
The effectiveness and tolerability of fingolimod in everyday clinical practice are consistent with findings of previous phase III studies. Our study highlights the utility of fingolimod for the long-term management of patients with multipl…
View article: Post-vaccine COVID-19 in patients with multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica
Post-vaccine COVID-19 in patients with multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica Open
Introduction: Recent studies suggested that anti-CD20 and fingolimod may be associated with lower anti-spike protein-based immunoglobulin-G response following COVID-19 vaccination. We evaluated if COVID-19 occurred despite vaccination amon…
View article: Risk Factors and Time to Clinical Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis Among Patients With Radiologically Isolated Syndrome
Risk Factors and Time to Clinical Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis Among Patients With Radiologically Isolated Syndrome Open
This study found that age younger than age 37 years, spinal cord involvement, and gadolinium-enhancing lesions on index MRI scan were associated with earlier clinical disease and relevant to the number of enrolled patients needed to detect…
View article: ECTRIMS 2021 – Oral Presentations
ECTRIMS 2021 – Oral Presentations Open
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View article: Diabetes Mellitus and Cognition
Diabetes Mellitus and Cognition Open
In a large clinical cohort in the elderly, diabetes is associated with lower cognition through neurodegeneration, independently of SVD and AD biomarkers.
View article: Comparison of Simoa<sup>TM</sup> and Ella<sup>TM</sup> to assess serum neurofilament‐light chain in multiple sclerosis
Comparison of Simoa<sup>TM</sup> and Ella<sup>TM</sup> to assess serum neurofilament‐light chain in multiple sclerosis Open
We compared Simoa TM and Ella TM immunoassays to assess serum neurofilament‐light chain levels in 203 multiple sclerosis patients from the OFSEP HD study. There was a strong correlation (ρ = 0.86, p < 0.0001) between both platforms. The El…
View article: Untreated patients with multiple sclerosis: A study of French expert centers
Untreated patients with multiple sclerosis: A study of French expert centers Open
Background and purpose Disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) have an impact on relapses and disease progression. Nonetheless, many patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) remain untreated. The objectives of the present study were to determine t…
View article: Courts, Culture, and the Lethal Injection Stalemate
Courts, Culture, and the Lethal Injection Stalemate Open
The Supreme Court’s 2019 decision in Bucklew v. Precythe reiterated the Court’s great deference to states in Eighth Amendment lethal injection cases. The takeaway is that when it comes to execution protocols, states can do what they want. …
View article: Comparative Capacity and Competence
Comparative Capacity and Competence Open
Andrew Coan’s excellent book, Rationing the Constitution, sheds important new light on an important facet of Supreme Court decision-making: judicial capacity. Professor Coan argues persuasively that courts’ capacity—and, in particular, the…
View article: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Incidence and Risk Stratification Among Natalizumab Users in France
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Incidence and Risk Stratification Among Natalizumab Users in France Open
The results of this study suggest, for the first time, a decrease in natalizumab-associated PML incidence since 2013 in France that may be associated with a generalized use of John Cunningham virus serologic test results; this finding appe…
View article: Comparative effectiveness of teriflunomide vs dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis
Comparative effectiveness of teriflunomide vs dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis Open
This study provides Class III evidence that for patients with RRMS, TRF and DMF have similar clinical effectiveness after 2 years of treatment.
View article: Neuraxial analgesia is not associated with an increased risk of post-partum relapses in MS
Neuraxial analgesia is not associated with an increased risk of post-partum relapses in MS Open
Background: Obstetrical analgesia remains a matter of controversy because of the fear of neurotoxicity of local anesthetics on demyelinated fibers or their potential relationship with subsequent relapses. Objective: To assess the impact of…