Eric C. Wert
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Exploring use of ozone nanobubbles for removal of cyanobacteria and co-occurring antimicrobial resistance genes in water supply and reuse systems Open
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms present persistent risks to both drinking water security and wastewater reuse, driving the need for advanced treatment strategies. Treatment barrier(s) need to be capable of simultaneously controlling cyanobac…
Efficiency of Ozone Quenching Agents at Different Temperature, pH, and Hydrodynamic Conditions Open
Quenching of excess aqueous ozone (O3) residual is needed to avoid off-gassing and oxidative damage to downstream components. Eight quenching agents (QAs), calcium thiosulfate (Ca-Thio), sodium bisulfite (Na-Bi), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), …
Using total adenosine triphosphate (tATP) measurements for cyanobacterial bloom monitoring and response assessment during algaecide treatments Open
Total adenosine triphosphate (tATP) was investigated for its potential as a rapid indicator of cyanobacterial growth and algaecide effectiveness. tATP and other common bloom monitoring parameters were measured over the growth cycles of cya…
Quantifying drought-driven temperature impacts on ozone disinfection credit and bromate control Open
Climate change and drought can lead to unprecedented changes in surface water temperature requiring utilities to examine their ozone system's disinfection capability while minimizing bromate production.
Improved microbial water quality and ozone performance following coagulation: implications for carbon based advanced treatment for potable reuse Open
Coagulation/flocculation of secondary effluent with FeCl 3 (1) removed MS2 bacteriophage and bacterial endospores up to 2–3 LRVs, (2) removed rapid surrogates at levels correlative with microbial removal, and (3) improved downstream O 3 pe…
The Role of Ozonation as an Advanced Oxidation Process for Attenuation of 1,4-Dioxane in Potable Reuse Applications Open
The combination of ozone and hydrogen peroxide (O3/H2O2), or the peroxone process, has often been used as an advanced oxidation process (AOP) in groundwater remediation and drinking water applications. This historical precedent sometimes l…
View article: Critical Review on Bromate Formation during Ozonation and Control Options for Its Minimization
Critical Review on Bromate Formation during Ozonation and Control Options for Its Minimization Open
Ozone is a commonly applied disinfectant and oxidant in drinking water and has more recently been implemented for enhanced municipal wastewater treatment for potable reuse and ecosystem protection. One drawback is the potential formation o…
Design and operational considerations in response to Legionella occurrence in Las Vegas Valley groundwater Open
Legionella occurrence monitoring is not required by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) drinking water regulations, and few occurrence studies exist for Legionella in source water or distribution systems. Legionella occur…
Ozone disinfection of waterborne pathogens and their surrogates: A critical review Open
Viruses, Giardia cysts, and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts are all major causes of waterborne diseases that can be uniquely challenging in terms of inactivation/removal during water and wastewater treatment and water reuse. Ozone is a stro…
Benthic cyanobacteria: A utility-centred field study Open
Although there is growing evidence that benthic cyanobacteria represent a significant source of toxins and taste and odour (T&O) compounds in water bodies globally, water utilities rarely monitor for them. Benthic cyanobacteria grow in an …
State of knowledge on early warning tools for cyanobacteria detection Open
The potential for cyanobacterial blooms to impact recreational and drinking water source quality is a growing concern. Numerous monitoring tools have been developed that can alert stakeholders to the onset of cyanobacterial blooms to initi…
Utility practices and perspectives on monitoring and source control of cyanobacterial blooms Open
Thirty‐five utilities across the United States (54%), Australia (26%), and Canada (20%) were surveyed to identify their experiences with early warning monitoring and source control of cyanobacteria. All utilities experience pelagic blooms,…
A critical review on operation and performance of source water control strategies for cyanobacterial blooms: Part II-mechanical and biological control methods Open
This review summarizes current knowledge on mechanical (artificial mixing, hypolimnetic aeration, dredging, and sonication) and biological (biomanipulation, macrophytes, and straws) methods for the management of cyanobacterial blooms in dr…
A critical review on operation and performance of source water control strategies for cyanobacterial blooms: Part I-chemical control methods Open
Cyanobacterial blooms produce nuisance metabolites (e.g., cyanotoxins and T&O compounds) thereby posing water quality management issues for aquatic sources used for potable water production, aquaculture, and recreation. A variety of in-lak…
Comparative Assessment of Physical and Chemical Cyanobacteria Cell Lysis Methods for Total Microcystin-LR Analysis Open
Standardization and validation of alternative cell lysis methods used for quantifying total cyanotoxins is needed to improve laboratory response time goals for total cyanotoxin analysis. In this study, five cell lysis methods (i.e., probe …
Delayed Release of Intracellular Microcystin Following Partial Oxidation of Cultured and Naturally Occurring Cyanobacteria Open
Oxidation processes can provide an effective barrier to eliminate cyanotoxins by damaging cyanobacteria cell membranes, releasing intracellular cyanotoxins, and subsequently oxidizing these toxins (now in extracellular form) based on publi…
Impact of Hydrogen Peroxide and Copper Sulfate on the Delayed Release of Microcystin Open
Algicides, like hydrogen peroxide and copper sulfate, are commonly applied to recreational waters and drinking water sources to mitigate cyanobacterial blooms. In this work, the effects of hydrogen peroxide and copper sulfate were evaluate…
Using discrete and online ATP measurements to evaluate regrowth potential following ozonation and (non)biological drinking water treatment Open
Water utilities must control microbial regrowth in the distribution system to protect public health. In this study, an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-based biomass production potential test using indigenous bacterial communities were used to…
Using rapid quantification of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an indicator for early detection and treatment of cyanobacterial blooms Open
Early detection of harmful cyanobacterial blooms allows identification of potential risk and appropriate selection of treatment techniques to prevent exposure in recreational water bodies and drinking water supplies. Here, luminescence-bas…
Using upstream oxidants to minimize surface biofouling and improve hydraulic performance in GAC biofilters Open
The combination of biological growth and particle loading can adversely affect hydraulic performance in drinking water biofilters. In this study, upstream oxidant addition was used to distribute biologically-derived filter clogging in gran…
View article: Investigation of biotransformation, sorption, and desorption of multiple chemical contaminants in pilot-scale drinking water biofilters
Investigation of biotransformation, sorption, and desorption of multiple chemical contaminants in pilot-scale drinking water biofilters Open
The evolving demands of drinking water treatment necessitate processes capable of removing a diverse suite of contaminants. Biofiltration can employ biotransformation and sorption to remove various classes of chemicals from water. Here, pi…
Design Considerations for Cost-Effective Ozone Mass Transfer in Sidestream Systems Open
Ozone dissolution system design is important for meeting transfer efficiency (TE) goals. Large sidestream pump flow (L) and high venturi inlet pressure improves TE but increases operating cost. Ozone TE was examined at a 25 gpm (97-Lpm) pi…
Impact of upstream chlorination on filter performance and microbial community structure of GAC and anthracite biofilters Open
Dechlorination in GAC biofilters leads to greater bioactivity and growth of a diverse microbial community.
Varied influence of microcystin structural difference on ELISA cross-reactivity and chlorination efficiency of congener mixtures Open
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is an antibody-based analytical method that has been widely applied in water treatment utilities for the screening of toxic cyanobacteria metabolites such as microcystins (MCs). However, it is unkn…