Eric Halford
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View article: Determinants of Police Motivation: A Case Study of a Police Service in the United Arab Emirates
Determinants of Police Motivation: A Case Study of a Police Service in the United Arab Emirates Open
Research on police motivation is rare within the Arab world, a region distinct for its economic, cultural, religious, and social landscape, compared to the commonly studied Western settings. Addressing this gap, we integrated frameworks of…
View article: Categorising the Offender Profiles of Foraging Domestic Burglars
Categorising the Offender Profiles of Foraging Domestic Burglars Open
This study examines the offence behaviours, spatial patterns, and target preferences of foraging burglars, an emerging offender typology inspired by Optimal Foraging Theory (OFT). Foraging burglars carefully balance effort, risk, and rewar…
View article: Implementing virtual reality training in policing: A case study using the technology acceptance model
Implementing virtual reality training in policing: A case study using the technology acceptance model Open
The purpose of this article is to explore the acceptance of virtual reality (VR) training in a single police service that implemented the technology as a key part of its training procedures. We examined satisfaction data from surveys of po…
View article: The Transformer Led Policing model: a framework for applying generative artificial intelligence in policing
The Transformer Led Policing model: a framework for applying generative artificial intelligence in policing Open
This article provides two outputs. First, it introduces the Transformer Led Policing (TLP) model, which is a structured framework for integrating Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in policing. The purpose of developing the framewo…
View article: Using chat GPT to evaluate police threats, risk and harm
Using chat GPT to evaluate police threats, risk and harm Open
General purpose artificial intelligence (GPAI) is a form of advanced AI system that includes the recently introduced ChatGPT. GPAI is known for its capacity to understand and emulate human responses, and potentially offers an opportunity t…
View article: The Proportionality of Police Stop and Search in the Coronavirus Pandemic
The Proportionality of Police Stop and Search in the Coronavirus Pandemic Open
Multiple studies and reports have now concluded that the police in the United Kingdom (UK) disproportionately enforced coronavirus legislation against black and minority ethnic communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. This disproportional…
View article: Optimising intelligence operations for international law enforcement: harnessing THRIVE for national intelligence model advancement
Optimising intelligence operations for international law enforcement: harnessing THRIVE for national intelligence model advancement Open
THRIVE (Threat, Harm, Risk, Investigation, Vulnerability, and Engagement) represents a decision-making framework introduced by the United Kingdom's (UK) National Police Chiefs' Council in 2017, with a particular focus on vulnerability. Alo…
View article: What Makes the United ArabEmirates Safe: A Call for Increased Criminological ExaminationWhat Makes the United ArabEmirates Safe: A Call for Increased Criminological Examination
What Makes the United ArabEmirates Safe: A Call for Increased Criminological ExaminationWhat Makes the United ArabEmirates Safe: A Call for Increased Criminological Examination Open
This article provides a criminological perspective of how the United Arab Emirates (UAE) achieves its reputation as one of the safest, low interpersonal crime societies in the world. By offering an examination of legal, policing, financial…
View article: Do hotspot policing interventions against optimal foragers cause crime displacement?
Do hotspot policing interventions against optimal foragers cause crime displacement? Open
Optimal forager theory (OFT) initially emerged from ecological studies, elucidating how foraging organisms seek resources. In recent decades, this ecological theory has migrated to the realm of criminology, where it is used to identify bur…
View article: Classifying missing persons cases: an analysis of police risk assessments using multi-dimensional scaling
Classifying missing persons cases: an analysis of police risk assessments using multi-dimensional scaling Open
Missing persons cases present a complex challenge for law enforcement globally and require a nuanced understanding of their typologies. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of cases from the United Kingdom, from within a single pol…
View article: Unmasking the impact: how did the coronavirus pandemic affect police intelligence in the United Kingdom?
Unmasking the impact: how did the coronavirus pandemic affect police intelligence in the United Kingdom? Open
At present, there is no research available that has explored how the coronavirus pandemic affected intelligence work. Understanding this is vital as any factor that may increase the likelihood of intelligence gaps is worthy of examination …
View article: Examining the effectiveness of a police developed cardio-pulmonary resuscitation virtual reality training program
Examining the effectiveness of a police developed cardio-pulmonary resuscitation virtual reality training program Open
In 2020 the Saif Bin Zayed Academy for Security & Policing Sciences in the United Arab Emirates created a Police Virtual Training Centre, known as the Abu Dhabi Police Virtual Training Centre. Since their inception they have internally dev…
View article: Building police capability in child protection in Kenya
Building police capability in child protection in Kenya Open
The results evidenced the need to focus in three key areas when building child protection capability overseas to create a successful function; the requirement to tailor context specific understanding of the culture and operating environmen…
View article: Investigating the police use of stop and search in England and Wales during the coronavirus pandemic
Investigating the police use of stop and search in England and Wales during the coronavirus pandemic Open
In this study we examine the use of the police stop and search tactic for preventing and investigating crime and as a method for maintaining order, during periods of national lockdown in England and Wales during the covid-19 global pandemi…
View article: The impact of COVID-19 on police intelligence reports in the United Kingdom
The impact of COVID-19 on police intelligence reports in the United Kingdom Open
The coronavirus pandemic affected policing in a number of both anticipated, and unexpected ways. However, the impact on police intelligence remains an unexplored area. Understanding how the pandemic affected the volume of police intelligen…
View article: Domestic abuse in the Covid-19 pandemic: measures designed to overcome common limitations of trend measurement
Domestic abuse in the Covid-19 pandemic: measures designed to overcome common limitations of trend measurement Open
Research on pandemic domestic abuse trends has produced inconsistent findings reflecting differences in definitions, data and method. This study analyses 43,488 domestic abuse crimes recorded by a UK police force. Metrics and analytic appr…
View article: ‘<b> <i>Two Sides of the Same Coin</i> </b>’—A Proposed Model for Delivering a Whole System Serial Crime Reduction Plan
‘<b> <i>Two Sides of the Same Coin</i> </b>’—A Proposed Model for Delivering a Whole System Serial Crime Reduction Plan Open
This article describes how existing and newly emerged research can be combined to develop a more systematic model for responding to serial crimes. We believe that the model offers police services a more efficient and effective way to optim…
View article: The Abu Dhabi Police Virtual Training Centre: A case study for building a virtual reality development capacity and capability
The Abu Dhabi Police Virtual Training Centre: A case study for building a virtual reality development capacity and capability Open
Virtual reality (VR) technology has revolutionized the way organizations are approaching the training of their workforce. By adopting elements of gamification, VR developers are now able to develop simulations that studies are beginning to…
View article: Emerging results on the impact of COVID-19 on police training in the United Kingdom
Emerging results on the impact of COVID-19 on police training in the United Kingdom Open
The emergence of COVID-19 impacted teaching across the globe and this study is the first to examine the impact it had on the delivery of training within policing by seeking to address how police services in the United Kingdom adapted their…
View article: An Exploration of the Impact of COVID-19 on Police Demand, Capacity and Capability
An Exploration of the Impact of COVID-19 on Police Demand, Capacity and Capability Open
This project report outlines the findings of an initial exploratory study of the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the demand, capacity, and capability of the police within the United Kingdom. Freedom of information requests…
View article: Anti-social behaviour in the coronavirus pandemic
Anti-social behaviour in the coronavirus pandemic Open
Anti-social behaviour recorded by police more than doubled early in the coronavirus pandemic in England and Wales. This was a stark contrast to the steep falls in most types of recorded crime. Why was ASB so different? Was it changes in ‘t…
View article: Return home interviews with children who have been missing: an exploratory analysis
Return home interviews with children who have been missing: an exploratory analysis Open
Responding to reports of missing children is an everyday occurrence in many police agencies, and a significant source of police demand. In England, there is a statutory requirement that all those under the age of 18 be offered a return hom…
View article: Anti-social behaviour in the coronavirus pandemic
Anti-social behaviour in the coronavirus pandemic Open
Anti-social behaviour recorded by police more than doubled early in the coronavirus pandemic in England and Wales. This was a stark contrast to the steep falls in most types of recorded crime. Why was ASB so different? Was it changes in ‘t…
View article: The Impact of COVID-19 on Police Intelligence Reports and Stop and Search within the United Kingdom
The Impact of COVID-19 on Police Intelligence Reports and Stop and Search within the United Kingdom Open
The full impact of COVID-19 on policing, crime and disorder is slowly being fully unraveled. However, there remains a number of areas of policing that are yet to be examined in detail. Two of these areas include the impact on the intrinsic…
View article: A Practitioners Perspective of the Implementation Effectiveness of the Optimal Forager Theory Methodology within the United Kingdom
A Practitioners Perspective of the Implementation Effectiveness of the Optimal Forager Theory Methodology within the United Kingdom Open
The use of crime mapping has been used by the police to inform deployment of resources for many decades. Such approaches are commonly used to underpin crime control strategies designed to prevent or reduce acquisitive crimes such as domest…