Eric Kunze
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View article: Surface and Sub‐Surface Kinetic Energy Wavenumber‐Frequency Spectra in Global Ocean Models and Observations
Surface and Sub‐Surface Kinetic Energy Wavenumber‐Frequency Spectra in Global Ocean Models and Observations Open
This paper examines spectra of horizontal kinetic energy (HKE) in the surface and sub‐surface ocean, with an emphasis on internal gravity wave (IGW) motions, in global high‐resolution ocean simulations. Horizontal wavenumber‐frequency spec…
View article: Lee-Wave Energy Sinks in Bottom-Intensified Flow: Reabsorption, Dissipation and Nonlinear Spectral Transfer
Lee-Wave Energy Sinks in Bottom-Intensified Flow: Reabsorption, Dissipation and Nonlinear Spectral Transfer Open
Idealized numerical simulation is used to explore energy sinks for lee waves trapped in their bottom-intensified generating flow. In addition to the loss to explicit dissipation and reabsorption predicted by linear wave action conservation…
View article: Blocked Drainpipes and Smoking Chimneys: Discovery of New Near-Inertial Wave Phenomena in Anticyclones
Blocked Drainpipes and Smoking Chimneys: Discovery of New Near-Inertial Wave Phenomena in Anticyclones Open
Time-varying winds blowing over an eddying ocean generate near-inertial waves (NIWs) that tend to be trapped in anticyclones. Such anticyclones have been termed inertial chimneys in the past but have recently been renamed inertial drainpi…
View article: Energetic Stratified Turbulence Generated by Kuroshio–Seamount Interactions in Tokara Strait
Energetic Stratified Turbulence Generated by Kuroshio–Seamount Interactions in Tokara Strait Open
Generating mechanisms and parameterizations for enhanced turbulence in the wake of a seamount in the path of the Kuroshio are investigated. Full-depth profiles of finescale temperature, salinity, horizontal velocity, and microscale thermal…
View article: A surface finite element method for the Navier–Stokes equations on evolving surfaces
A surface finite element method for the Navier–Stokes equations on evolving surfaces Open
We introduce a surface finite element method for the numerical solution of Navier–Stokes equations on evolving surfaces with a prescribed deformation of the surface in the normal direction. The method is based on approaches for the full su…
View article: Seasonal Variability of Near-Inertial/Semidiurnal Fluctuations and Turbulence in the Subarctic North Atlantic
Seasonal Variability of Near-Inertial/Semidiurnal Fluctuations and Turbulence in the Subarctic North Atlantic Open
Six profiling floats measured water-mass properties ( T , S ), horizontal velocities ( u , υ ), and microstructure thermal-variance dissipation rates χ T in the upper ∼1 km of the Iceland and Irminger Basins in the eastern subpolar North A…
View article: A surface finite element method for the Navier-Stokes equations on evolving surfaces
A surface finite element method for the Navier-Stokes equations on evolving surfaces Open
We introduce a surface finite element method for the numerical solution of Navier-Stokes equations on evolving surfaces with a prescribed deformation of the surface in normal direction. The method is based on approaches for the full surfac…
View article: Gravity-Wave Emission from Lee-Wave Critical Layers and Energy Budgets
Gravity-Wave Emission from Lee-Wave Critical Layers and Energy Budgets Open
Direct measurements of dissipation rates in the Southern Ocean unveiled a deficit of lee-wave dissipation compared to lee-wave generation (Brearley et al. 2013; Sheen et al. 2013; Waterman et al. 2013, 2014; Cusack et al. 2017, 2020), whic…
View article: Reabsorption of Lee-Wave Energy in Bottom-Intensified Currents
Reabsorption of Lee-Wave Energy in Bottom-Intensified Currents Open
While lee-wave generation has been argued to be a major sink for the 1-TW wind work on the ocean’s circulation, microstructure measurements in the Antarctic Circumpolar Currents find dissipation rates as much as an order of magnitude weake…
View article: Two-Dimensional Wavenumber Spectra on the Horizontal Submesoscale and Vertical Finescale
Two-Dimensional Wavenumber Spectra on the Horizontal Submesoscale and Vertical Finescale Open
Horizontal and vertical wavenumbers ( k x , k z ) immediately below the Ozmidov wavenumber ( N 3 / ε ) 1/2 are spectrally distinct from both isotropic turbulence ( k x , k z > 1 cpm) and internal waves as described by the Garrett–Munk (GM)…
View article: Destratification and Restratification of the Spring Surface Boundary Layer in a Subtropical Front
Destratification and Restratification of the Spring Surface Boundary Layer in a Subtropical Front Open
Destratification and restratification of a ~50-m-thick surface boundary layer in the North Pacific Subtropical Front are examined during 24–31 March 2017 in the wake of a storm using a ~5-km array of 23 chi-augmented EM-APEX profiling floa…
View article: Submarine Canyon Oxygen Anomaly Caused by Mixing and Boundary‐Interior Exchange
Submarine Canyon Oxygen Anomaly Caused by Mixing and Boundary‐Interior Exchange Open
Closely spaced CTD stations showed elevated oxygen within Monterey Submarine Canyon. Anomalously high (2–5 μmol kg −1 ) dissolved oxygen was found between 600–1,100 m in the O 2 minimum, co‐located with a turbulence hotspot caused by conve…
View article: Near-inertial wave modulated turbulence in a Kuroshio anticyclonic eddy
Near-inertial wave modulated turbulence in a Kuroshio anticyclonic eddy Open
<p>Storm-generated near-inertial waves are a significant source for deep-ocean mixing. However, their energy pathways beyond wind generation and equatorward propagation as low modes are still elusive. Previous studies suggest that th…
View article: Energy Sinks for Lee Waves in Shear Flow
Energy Sinks for Lee Waves in Shear Flow Open
Microstructure measurements in Drake Passage and on the flanks of Kerguelen Plateau find turbulent dissipation rates ε on average factors of 2–3 smaller than linear lee-wave generation predictions, as well as a factor of 3 smaller than the…
View article: Biologically Generated Mixing in the Ocean
Biologically Generated Mixing in the Ocean Open
This article assesses the contribution to ocean mixing by the marine biosphere at both high and low Reynolds numbers Re= uℓ/ ν. While back-of-the-envelope estimates have suggested that swimming marine organisms might generate as much high-…
View article: A Unified Model Spectrum for Anisotropic Stratified and Isotropic Turbulence in the Ocean and Atmosphere
A Unified Model Spectrum for Anisotropic Stratified and Isotropic Turbulence in the Ocean and Atmosphere Open
In the decade or so below the Ozmidov wavenumber ( N 3 / ε ) 1/2 , that is, on scales between those attributed to internal gravity waves and isotropic turbulence, ocean and atmosphere measurements consistently find k 1/3 horizontal wavenum…
View article: Climate Process Team on Internal Wave–Driven Ocean Mixing
Climate Process Team on Internal Wave–Driven Ocean Mixing Open
Diapycnal mixing plays a primary role in the thermodynamic balance of the ocean and, consequently, in oceanic heat and carbon uptake and storage. Though observed mixing rates are on average consistent with values required by inverse models…
View article: Lateral stirring in the ocean on scales of 0.1-10 km: The role of internal waves
Lateral stirring in the ocean on scales of 0.1-10 km: The role of internal waves Open
High values of lateral diffusivity, O(1) m2s−1, on horizontal scales of 0.1-10 km are routinely found in the stratified ocean interior, irrespective of ambient mesoscale strain rate, yet the primary dynamical mechanism responsible for this…
View article: Global patterns of internal wave variability from observations of full-depth rotary shear spectra
Global patterns of internal wave variability from observations of full-depth rotary shear spectra Open
Internal waves are ubiquitous throughout the world ocean and are generated by a combina- tion of processes including the tides and winds. The vertical directionality of low-frequency internal waves can be diagnosed by separating shear comp…
View article: The Role of Intermittency in Internal-Wave Shear Dispersion
The Role of Intermittency in Internal-Wave Shear Dispersion Open
This paper revisits a long-standing discrepancy between (i) 1–5-km isopycnal diffusivities of O (1) m 2 s −1 based on dye spreading and (ii) inferences of O (0.1) m 2 s −1 from internal-wave shear dispersion K h ~ 〈 K z 〉〈 〉/ f 2 in severa…
View article: Vertical kinetic energy and turbulent dissipation in the ocean
Vertical kinetic energy and turbulent dissipation in the ocean Open
Oceanic internal waves are closely linked to turbulence. Here a relationship between vertical wave number ( k z ) spectra of fine‐scale vertical kinetic energy (VKE) and turbulent dissipation ε is presented using more than 250 joint profil…
View article: Spontaneous Generation of Near-Inertial Waves by the Kuroshio Front
Spontaneous Generation of Near-Inertial Waves by the Kuroshio Front Open
While near-inertial waves are known to be generated by atmospheric storms, recent observations in the Kuroshio Front find intense near-inertial internal-wave shear along sloping isopycnals, even during calm weather. Recent literature sugge…
View article: Eddy stirring and horizontal diffusivity from Argo float observations: Geographic and depth variability
Eddy stirring and horizontal diffusivity from Argo float observations: Geographic and depth variability Open
Stirring along isopycnals is a significant factor in determining the distribution of tracers within the ocean. Salinity anomalies on density surfaces from Argo float profiles are used to investigate horizontal stirring and estimate eddy mi…
View article: Toward an internal gravity wave spectrum in global ocean models
Toward an internal gravity wave spectrum in global ocean models Open
High‐resolution global ocean models forced by atmospheric fields and tides are beginning to display realistic internal gravity wave spectra, especially as model resolution increases. This paper examines internal waves in global simulations…
View article: Submesoscale Water-Mass Spectra in the Sargasso Sea
Submesoscale Water-Mass Spectra in the Sargasso Sea Open
Submesoscale stirring contributes to the cascade of tracer variance from large to small scales. Multiple nested surveys in the summer Sargasso Sea with tow-yo and autonomous platforms captured submesoscale water-mass variability in the sea…