Eric M. Lind
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View article: Trends in youth climate change research highlight strengths and areas of improvement in canadian STEM outreach programs
Trends in youth climate change research highlight strengths and areas of improvement in canadian STEM outreach programs Open
Climate change research and environmental activism are critical to the long-term health and safety of all people. Canadian populations face considerable risk from events such as coastal erosion, forest fires, droughts, and more. Youth clim…
View article: Ensemble Transformer for Efficient and Accurate Ranking Tasks: an Application to Question Answering Systems
Ensemble Transformer for Efficient and Accurate Ranking Tasks: an Application to Question Answering Systems Open
Large transformer models can highly improve Answer Sentence Selection (AS2) tasks, but their high computational costs prevent their use in many real-world applications. In this paper, we explore the following research question: How can we …
View article: Ensemble Transformer for Efficient and Accurate Ranking Tasks: an Application to Question Answering Systems
Ensemble Transformer for Efficient and Accurate Ranking Tasks: an Application to Question Answering Systems Open
Large transformer models can highly improve Answer Sentence Selection (AS2) tasks, but their high computational costs prevent their use in many real-world applications. In this paper, we explore the following research question: How can we …
View article: Cross-Lingual Open-Domain Question Answering with Answer Sentence Generation
Cross-Lingual Open-Domain Question Answering with Answer Sentence Generation Open
Open-Domain Generative Question Answering has achieved impressive performance in English by combining document-level retrieval with answer generation. These approaches, which we refer to as GenQA, can generate complete sentences, effective…
View article: Grassland productivity limited by multiple nutrients
Grassland productivity limited by multiple nutrients Open
Terrestrial ecosystem productivity is widely accepted to be nutrient limited. Although nitrogen is deemed a key determinant of aboveground net primary production, the prevalence of co-limitation by nitrogen and phosphorus is increasingly r…
View article: Safety Evaluation of Transit Signal Priority with Bus Speed Volatility as a Surrogate Measure: Case Study in Minnesota
Safety Evaluation of Transit Signal Priority with Bus Speed Volatility as a Surrogate Measure: Case Study in Minnesota Open
Previous studies have found correlations between the implementation of transit signal priority (TSP) and the reduction in number of crashes. To further understand how TSP affects traffic safety, a more in-depth evaluation was carried out u…
View article: Microbial processing of plant remains is co‐limited by multiple nutrients in global grasslands
Microbial processing of plant remains is co‐limited by multiple nutrients in global grasslands Open
Microbial processing of aggregate‐unprotected organic matter inputs is key for soil fertility, long‐term ecosystem carbon and nutrient sequestration and sustainable agriculture. We investigated the effects of adding multiple nutrients (nit…
View article: Climate and local environment structure asynchrony and the stability of primary production in grasslands
Climate and local environment structure asynchrony and the stability of primary production in grasslands Open
Aim Climate variability threatens to destabilize production in many ecosystems. Asynchronous species dynamics may buffer against such variability when a decrease in performance by some species is offset by an increase in performance of oth…
View article: Microbial processing of plant remains is co-limited by multiple nutrients in global grasslands
Microbial processing of plant remains is co-limited by multiple nutrients in global grasslands Open
Dataset of "Microbial processing of plant remains is co-limited by multiple nutrients in global grasslands", published in Global Change Biology
View article: More salt, please: global patterns, responses and impacts of foliar sodium in grasslands
More salt, please: global patterns, responses and impacts of foliar sodium in grasslands Open
Sodium is unique among abundant elemental nutrients, because most plant species do not require it for growth or development, whereas animals physiologically require sodium. Foliar sodium influences consumption rates by animals and can stru…
View article: Sensitivity of global soil carbon stocks to combined nutrient enrichment
Sensitivity of global soil carbon stocks to combined nutrient enrichment Open
Soil stores approximately twice as much carbon as the atmosphere and fluctuations in the size of the soil carbon pool directly influence climate conditions. We used the Nutrient Network global change experiment to examine how anthropogenic…
View article: A performance comparison between CPU and GPU in TensorFlow
A performance comparison between CPU and GPU in TensorFlow Open
The fast-growing field of Machine Learning has in the later years become more common, as it has gone from a restricted research area to actually be in general use. Frameworks such as TensorFlow have been developed to scale and analyze arti…
View article: Spatial heterogeneity in species composition constrains plant community responses to herbivory and fertilisation
Spatial heterogeneity in species composition constrains plant community responses to herbivory and fertilisation Open
Environmental change can result in substantial shifts in community composition. The associated immigration and extinction events are likely constrained by the spatial distribution of species. Still, studies on environmental change typicall…
View article: Herbivory and eutrophication mediate grassland plant nutrient responses across a global climatic gradient
Herbivory and eutrophication mediate grassland plant nutrient responses across a global climatic gradient Open
Plant stoichiometry, the relative concentration of elements, is a key regulator of ecosystem functioning and is also being altered by human activities. In this paper we sought to understand the global drivers of plant stoichiometry and com…
View article: Out of the shadows: multiple nutrient limitations drive relationships among biomass, light and plant diversity
Out of the shadows: multiple nutrient limitations drive relationships among biomass, light and plant diversity Open
Summary The paradigmatic hypothesis for the effect of fertilisation on plant diversity represents a one‐dimensional trade‐off for plants competing for below‐ground nutrients (generically) and above‐ground light: fertilisation reduces compe…
View article: Nutrient addition shifts plant community composition towards earlier flowering species in some prairie ecoregions in the U.S. Central Plains
Nutrient addition shifts plant community composition towards earlier flowering species in some prairie ecoregions in the U.S. Central Plains Open
The distribution of flowering across the growing season is governed by each species' evolutionary history and climatic variability. However, global change factors, such as eutrophication and invasion, can alter plant community composition …
View article: How do nutrients change flowering in prairies
How do nutrients change flowering in prairies Open
Farmers today apply more synthetic fertilizers to farm fields than ever before – but not all of these nutrients are used by crops: some fertilizer escapes through the air, soil, or water. Nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium flow off farm …
View article: Climate modifies response of non-native and native species richness to nutrient enrichment
Climate modifies response of non-native and native species richness to nutrient enrichment Open
Ecosystem eutrophication often increases domination by non-natives and causes displacement of native taxa. However, variation in environmental conditions may affect the outcome of interactions between native and non-native taxa in environm…
View article: The influence of balanced and imbalanced resource supply on biodiversity–functioning relationship across ecosystems
The influence of balanced and imbalanced resource supply on biodiversity–functioning relationship across ecosystems Open
Numerous studies show that increasing species richness leads to higher ecosystem productivity. This effect is often attributed to more efficient portioning of multiple resources in communities with higher numbers of competing species, indi…
View article: Climate modifies response of non-native and native species richness to nutrient enrichment
Climate modifies response of non-native and native species richness to nutrient enrichment Open
Ecosystem eutrophication often increases domination by non-natives and causes displacement of native taxa. However, variation in environmental conditions may affect the outcome of interactions between native and non-native taxa in environm…
View article: Integrative modelling reveals mechanisms linking productivity and plant species richness
Integrative modelling reveals mechanisms linking productivity and plant species richness Open
How ecosystem productivity and species richness are interrelated is one of the most debated subjects in the history of ecology. Decades of intensive study have yet to discern the actual mechanisms behind observed global patterns. Here, by …
View article: Appendix A. Temperature and light cycle settings used in growth chambers for caterpillar rearing.
Appendix A. Temperature and light cycle settings used in growth chambers for caterpillar rearing. Open
Temperature and light cycle settings used in growth chambers for caterpillar rearing.
View article: Appendix B. Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition predicts local grassland primary production worldwide: Site information and expanded results.
Appendix B. Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition predicts local grassland primary production worldwide: Site information and expanded results. Open
Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition predicts local grassland primary production worldwide: Site information and expanded results.
View article: Appendix A. Phylogenetic tree methods, topological relationships, and sources of estimated clade ages.
Appendix A. Phylogenetic tree methods, topological relationships, and sources of estimated clade ages. Open
Phylogenetic tree methods, topological relationships, and sources of estimated clade ages.
View article: Supplement 1. Code for tree-building R function, along with example data and code for use.
Supplement 1. Code for tree-building R function, along with example data and code for use. Open
File List Supplement-tc2ape-script.R (MD5: 4d291f1a0c41b2e9f75dbb6c322105d0) R function to build tree Supplement-build-tree-script.R (MD5: 393ce10283ab945ed0cb151556d7c8fc) example use of R function Hemiptera-taxon-container.csv (MD5: 86b7…
View article: Appendix A. Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition predicts local grassland primary production worldwide: Description of hierarchical modeling process.
Appendix A. Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition predicts local grassland primary production worldwide: Description of hierarchical modeling process. Open
Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition predicts local grassland primary production worldwide: Description of hierarchical modeling process.