Eric Sax
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View article: Structuring Automotive Data for Systems Engineering: A Taxonomy-Based Approach
Structuring Automotive Data for Systems Engineering: A Taxonomy-Based Approach Open
Vehicle data is essential for advancing data-driven development throughout the automotive lifecycle, including requirements engineering, design, verification, and validation, and post-deployment optimization. Developers currently collect d…
View article: Introducing a comprehensive State of Health Inconsistency (SOHI) as novel parameter to describe and monitor the aging state variance of connected batteries
Introducing a comprehensive State of Health Inconsistency (SOHI) as novel parameter to describe and monitor the aging state variance of connected batteries Open
With the commercialization of electrified transportation and the expansion of the stationary storage system market, batteries are expected to have an increased longevity and safety. Monitoring the battery health and improving the accuracy …
View article: Data Quality Matters: Quantifying Image Quality Impact on Machine Learning Performance
Data Quality Matters: Quantifying Image Quality Impact on Machine Learning Performance Open
Precise perception of the environment is essential in highly automated driving systems, which rely on machine learning tasks such as object detection and segmentation. Compression of sensor data is commonly used for data handling, while vi…
View article: A Framework for a Capability-driven Evaluation of Scenario Understanding for Multimodal Large Language Models in Autonomous Driving
A Framework for a Capability-driven Evaluation of Scenario Understanding for Multimodal Large Language Models in Autonomous Driving Open
Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) hold the potential to enhance autonomous driving by combining domain-independent world knowledge with context-specific language guidance. Their integration into autonomous driving systems shows prom…
View article: Cloud-Enabled Reconfiguration of Electrical/Electronic Architectures for Modular Electric Vehicles
Cloud-Enabled Reconfiguration of Electrical/Electronic Architectures for Modular Electric Vehicles Open
Modern mobility faces increasing challenges, like carbon-free transportation and the need for flexible transportation solutions. The U-Shift II project addresses these problems through a modular electric vehicle architecture, a drive unit …
View article: Adversarial and Reactive Traffic Entities for Behavior-Realistic Driving Simulation: A Review
Adversarial and Reactive Traffic Entities for Behavior-Realistic Driving Simulation: A Review Open
Despite advancements in perception and planning for autonomous vehicles (AVs), validating their performance remains a significant challenge. The deployment of planning algorithms in real-world environments is often ineffective due to discr…
View article: Navigating Dimensionality through State Machines in Automotive System Validation
Navigating Dimensionality through State Machines in Automotive System Validation Open
The increasing automation of vehicles is resulting in the integration of more extensive in-vehicle sensor systems, electronic control units, and software. Additionally, vehicle-to-everything communication is seen as an opportunity to exten…
View article: GOOSE: Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning for Safety-Critical Scenario Generation
GOOSE: Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning for Safety-Critical Scenario Generation Open
Scenario-based testing is considered state-of-the-art for verifying and validating Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADASs) and Automated Driving Systems (ADSs). However, the practical application of scenario-based testing requires an ef…
View article: Hybrid Anomaly Detection in Time Series by Combining Kalman Filters and Machine Learning Models
Hybrid Anomaly Detection in Time Series by Combining Kalman Filters and Machine Learning Models Open
Due to connectivity and automation trends, the medical device industry is experiencing increased demand for safety and security mechanisms. Anomaly detection has proven to be a valuable approach for ensuring safety and security in other in…
View article: CLIPping the Limits: Finding the Sweet Spot for Relevant Images in Automated Driving Systems Perception Testing
CLIPping the Limits: Finding the Sweet Spot for Relevant Images in Automated Driving Systems Perception Testing Open
Perception systems, especially cameras, are the eyes of automated driving systems. Ensuring that they function reliably and robustly is therefore an important building block in the automation of vehicles. There are various approaches to te…
View article: A numerical verification method for multi-class feed-forward neural networks
A numerical verification method for multi-class feed-forward neural networks Open
The use of neural networks in embedded systems is becoming increasingly common, but these systems often operate in safety-critical environments, where a failure or incorrect output can have serious consequences. Therefore, it is essential …
View article: The Machine Vision Iceberg Explained: Advancing Dynamic Testing by Considering Holistic Environmental Relations
The Machine Vision Iceberg Explained: Advancing Dynamic Testing by Considering Holistic Environmental Relations Open
Machine Vision (MV) is essential for solving driving automation. This paper examines potential shortcomings in current MV testing strategies for highly automated driving (HAD) systems. We argue for a more comprehensive understanding of the…
View article: EfficientPPS: Part-aware Panoptic Segmentation of Transparent Objects for Robotic Manipulation
EfficientPPS: Part-aware Panoptic Segmentation of Transparent Objects for Robotic Manipulation Open
The use of autonomous robots for assistance tasks in hospitals has the potential to free up qualified staff and im-prove patient care. However, the ubiquity of deformable and transparent objects in hospital settings poses signif-icant chal…
View article: Improving the Validation of Automotive Self-Learning Systems through the Synergy of Scenario-Based Testing and Metamorphic Relations
Improving the Validation of Automotive Self-Learning Systems through the Synergy of Scenario-Based Testing and Metamorphic Relations Open
Numerous applications in our everyday life use artificial intelligence (AI) methods for speech and image recognition, as well as the recognition of human behavior. Especially the latter application represents an interesting research field …
View article: Unveiling Objects with SOLA: An Annotation-Free Image Search on the Object Level for Automotive Data Sets
Unveiling Objects with SOLA: An Annotation-Free Image Search on the Object Level for Automotive Data Sets Open
Huge image data sets are the fundament for the development of the perception of automated driving systems. A large number of images is necessary to train robust neural networks that can cope with diverse situations. A sufficiently large da…
View article: Gap Analysis of ISO/SAE 21434 – Improving the Automotive Cybersecurity Engineering Life Cycle
Gap Analysis of ISO/SAE 21434 – Improving the Automotive Cybersecurity Engineering Life Cycle Open
Due to the ongoing legislative shift towards mandatedcybersecurity for road vehicles, the automotive cybersecurityengineering standard ISO/SAE 21434 is seeing fastadoption throughout the industry. Early efforts are focusing onthreat analys…
View article: CONCEPTUAL MEASUREMENT OF INDIVIDUAL PITCHES DURING THE STENT PRODUCTION
CONCEPTUAL MEASUREMENT OF INDIVIDUAL PITCHES DURING THE STENT PRODUCTION Open
Due to cardiovascular diseases being the main cause of death in Germany in 2020, about 298,557 stents, which can be used to treat these kinds of diseases, were implanted. Stents are medical devices and therefore, need to fulfill correspond…
View article: Clustering-based Criticality Analysis for Testing of Automated Driving Systems
Clustering-based Criticality Analysis for Testing of Automated Driving Systems Open
With the implementation of the new EU regulation 2022/1426 regarding the type-approval of the automated driving system (ADS) of fully automated vehicles, scenario-based testing has gained significant importance in evaluating the performanc…
View article: 1001 Ways of Scenario Generation for Testing of Self-driving Cars: A Survey
1001 Ways of Scenario Generation for Testing of Self-driving Cars: A Survey Open
Scenario generation is one of the essential steps in scenario-based testing and, therefore, a significant part of the verification and validation of driver assistance functions and autonomous driving systems. However, the term scenario gen…
View article: Inverse Universal Traffic Quality -- a Criticality Metric for Crowded Urban Traffic Scenes
Inverse Universal Traffic Quality -- a Criticality Metric for Crowded Urban Traffic Scenes Open
An essential requirement for scenario-based testing the identification of critical scenes and their associated scenarios. However, critical scenes, such as collisions, occur comparatively rarely. Accordingly, large amounts of data must be …
View article: Focus on the Challenges: Analysis of a User-friendly Data Search Approach with CLIP in the Automotive Domain
Focus on the Challenges: Analysis of a User-friendly Data Search Approach with CLIP in the Automotive Domain Open
Handling large amounts of data has become a key for developing automated driving systems. Especially for developing highly automated driving functions, working with images has become increasingly challenging due to the sheer size of the re…
View article: Threat Assessment and Risk Analysis (TARA) for Interoperable Medical Devices in the Operating Room Inspired by the Automotive Industry
Threat Assessment and Risk Analysis (TARA) for Interoperable Medical Devices in the Operating Room Inspired by the Automotive Industry Open
Prevailing trends in the automotive and medical device industry, such as life cycle overarching configurability, connectivity, and automation, require an adaption of development processes, especially regarding the security and safety there…
View article: Fingerprint of a Traffic Scene: an Approach for a Generic and Independent Scene Assessment
Fingerprint of a Traffic Scene: an Approach for a Generic and Independent Scene Assessment Open
A major challenge in the safety assessment of automated vehicles is to ensure that risk for all traffic participants is as low as possible. A concept that is becoming increasingly popular for testing in automated driving is scenario-based …
View article: Generic Patterns for Intrusion Detection Systems in Service-Oriented Automotive and Medical Architectures
Generic Patterns for Intrusion Detection Systems in Service-Oriented Automotive and Medical Architectures Open
To implement new software functions and more flexible updates in the future as well as to provide cloud-based functionality, the service-oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm is increasingly being integrated into automotive electrical and e…