Erik Figenbaum
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View article: Supply-side challenges and research needs on the road to 100% zero-emissions vehicle sales
Supply-side challenges and research needs on the road to 100% zero-emissions vehicle sales Open
In this review paper, we delve into the supply-side challenges and considerations for transitioning to 100% zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs), weaving together an analysis of batteries, vehicle production, charging infrastructure, and relevant…
View article: Demand-side challenges and research needs on the road to 100% zero-emission vehicle sales
Demand-side challenges and research needs on the road to 100% zero-emission vehicle sales Open
Most net-zero emissions targets require electrification of the entire light-duty vehicle fleet, and before that the electrification of all new vehicle sales. In this paper, we review literature on demand-side issues related to achieving 10…
View article: Simulating the effects of tax exemptions for plug-in electric vehicles in Norway
Simulating the effects of tax exemptions for plug-in electric vehicles in Norway Open
For many years Norway has been in the forefront of promoting electromobility. Today, Norway has the world’s highest per capita fleet of plug-in electric cars. In 2021, 1.6% of the cars in the EU fleet were plug-in electric vehicles, wherea…
View article: An Empirical Study of the Policy Processes behind Norway’s BEV-Olution
An Empirical Study of the Policy Processes behind Norway’s BEV-Olution Open
Norway’s large battery electric vehicle (BEV) market and fleet are not the result of a comprehensive policy plan. Using the multiple streams (MS) framework and document analysis, it was identified that the most important Norwegian BEV poli…
View article: The contribution of research and knowledge accumulation in the development of the Norwegian battery electric vehicle market
The contribution of research and knowledge accumulation in the development of the Norwegian battery electric vehicle market Open
This paper investigates the role of research and knowledge building in developing the world's leading BEV market in Norway 1990-2020. Review of research articles/reports and other documents revealed that Politicians in the early years had …
View article: Technological innovation systems and transport innovations: understanding vehicle electrification in Norway
Technological innovation systems and transport innovations: understanding vehicle electrification in Norway Open
This chapter studies the electrification of the passenger vehicle segment in Norwegian transport using a technological innovation systems (TIS) framework to enhance our understanding of how such technologies are developed, introduced and s…
View article: Empirical Analysis of the User Needs and the Business Models in the Norwegian Charging Infrastructure Ecosystem
Empirical Analysis of the User Needs and the Business Models in the Norwegian Charging Infrastructure Ecosystem Open
The Norwegian charging infrastructure ecosystem was investigated from a user perspective by (1) developing knowledge of end-user experiences with public charging, (2) mapping BEV owners and future owner’s user-friendliness needs and the ex…
View article: Retrospective Total cost of ownership analysis of battery electric vehicles in Norway
Retrospective Total cost of ownership analysis of battery electric vehicles in Norway Open
A retrospective Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) analysis of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) versus gasoline vehicles (ICEVs), provided insights on the TCO effects of Norway's BEV incentives that counts the registration and value added tax e…
View article: Estimating stocks and flows of electric passenger vehicle batteries in the Norwegian fleet from 2011 to 2030
Estimating stocks and flows of electric passenger vehicle batteries in the Norwegian fleet from 2011 to 2030 Open
Retired passenger battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are expected to generate significant volumes of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), opening business opportunities for second life and recycling. In order to evaluate these, robust estimates of …
View article: Facilitating adoption of electric buses through policy: Learnings from a trial in Norway
Facilitating adoption of electric buses through policy: Learnings from a trial in Norway Open
Learning from first experiences of battery-electric bus (E-bus) trials is important to facilitate uptake and develop effective public policy. Here we present initial E-bus trials in Oslo and use the case to 1) model total cost of ownership…
View article: Battery Electric Vehicle Fast Charging–Evidence from the Norwegian Market
Battery Electric Vehicle Fast Charging–Evidence from the Norwegian Market Open
Norway is the largest Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) market in the world per capita. The share of the passenger vehicle fleet passed 9.4% at the end of 2019, and users have access to 1500 Combined Charging System (CCS)/Chademo standard fas…
View article: Exploring the Role of Cities in Electrifying Passenger Transportation
Exploring the Role of Cities in Electrifying Passenger Transportation Open
Key Takeaways1. The electrification of passenger vehicles should be one part of a city’s transportation plan. Shifting from internal combustion engine vehicles to plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) can improve urban air quality, reduce green…
View article: Experiences from Battery-Electric Truck Users in Norway
Experiences from Battery-Electric Truck Users in Norway Open
This paper presents experiences from pilot-projects with battery-electric trucks in Norway, focusing on purchasing processes, technology, vehicle choices, user experience and various performance aspects. Furthermore, we discuss the electri…
View article: Exploring the Role of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Electrifying Passenger Transportation
Exploring the Role of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Electrifying Passenger Transportation Open
Key Takeaways 1. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have an important role in the electrifi cation of passenger transportation. Long-range PHEVs not only are a transitional technology. They also are an enabling technology that can en…
View article: Comparison of regulated emission factors of Euro 6 LDV in Nordic temperatures and cold start conditions: Diesel- and gasoline direct-injection
Comparison of regulated emission factors of Euro 6 LDV in Nordic temperatures and cold start conditions: Diesel- and gasoline direct-injection Open
Local air pollution in Norwegian wintertime is characterized by an increase in NO2 concentrations, due to poor dispersion and increased vehicle emissions. The focus of this study is therefore the characterisation of exhaust vehicle emissio…
View article: Estimating Real-World Emissions of PHEVs in Norway by Combining Laboratory Measurement with User Surveys
Estimating Real-World Emissions of PHEVs in Norway by Combining Laboratory Measurement with User Surveys Open
The paper presents the results of experimental testing of the exhaust emission and energy consumption of two gasoline plug-in hybrid vehicles in an emission testing laboratory with different drive cycles and drive modes and at summer and w…
View article: Can battery electric light commercial vehicles work for craftsmen and service enterprises?
Can battery electric light commercial vehicles work for craftsmen and service enterprises? Open
Battery Electric Light Commercial Vehicles (BE-LCVs) can reduce the environmental impacts of Craftsmen and Service (C&S) Enterprises transportation. These Enterprises produce vital services, using diesel vehicles for transportation of pers…
View article: Perspectives on Norway’s supercharged electric vehicle policy
Perspectives on Norway’s supercharged electric vehicle policy Open
Norway has achieved an unprecedented breakthrough for battery electric vehicles. The market share reached 17.1% in 2015, and the total fleet passed 2.7%, some 70000 vehicles. The multilevel perspective framework demonstrate how Norwegian i…
View article: Increasing the competitiveness of e-vehicles in Europe
Increasing the competitiveness of e-vehicles in Europe Open
Introduction This paper is concerned with incentives for the take-up and use of e-vehicles that are in place in different European countries. Especially, it analyses Norway and Austria, in order to establish and understand factors influenc…