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View article: A case report of lithium-induced bradycardia and syncope
A case report of lithium-induced bradycardia and syncope Open
Introduction Lithium is a mood stabilizer, causing various dose related adverse effects. Cardiac adverse effects are seen more frequently in patients with previous cardiac diseases, overdoses, and chronic use. Objectives We report the case…
View article: Examining the Discontinuation of Clozapine Due to Serious Side Effects Over A Decade at a University Hospital Inpatient Clinic
Examining the Discontinuation of Clozapine Due to Serious Side Effects Over A Decade at a University Hospital Inpatient Clinic Open
Introduction Clozapine stands out among all other antipsychotics due to its superior efficacy in treatment resistant schizophrenia. Despite its proven superiority, it is not the first antipsyhotic choice on grounds of serious side effects.…
View article: Suppression of the T-dependent antibody response following oral exposure to selected polycyclic aromatic compounds in B6C3F1/N mice
Suppression of the T-dependent antibody response following oral exposure to selected polycyclic aromatic compounds in B6C3F1/N mice Open
Introduction The ability of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), most notably benzo( a ) pyrene [B( a )P], to suppress antibody responses in experimental animals is well documented. Very little information, however, is available on the im…
View article: Advancing botanical safety: A strategy for selecting, sourcing, and characterizing botanicals for developing toxicological tools
Advancing botanical safety: A strategy for selecting, sourcing, and characterizing botanicals for developing toxicological tools Open
Increases in botanical use, encompassing herbal medicines and dietary supplements, have underlined a critical need for an advancement in safety assessment methodologies. However, botanicals present unique challenges for safety assessment d…
View article: Immunotoxicity of <i>N</i>-butylbenzenesulfonamide: impacts on immune function in adult mice and developmentally exposed rats
Immunotoxicity of <i>N</i>-butylbenzenesulfonamide: impacts on immune function in adult mice and developmentally exposed rats Open
N-butylbenzenesulfonamide (NBBS) is a high-production volume plasticizer that is an emerging contaminant of concern for environmental and human health. To understand the risks and health effects of exposure to NBBS, studies were conducted …
View article: Evaluation of the herbicide glyphosate, (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid, and <scp>glyphosate‐based</scp> formulations for genotoxic activity using in vitro assays
Evaluation of the herbicide glyphosate, (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid, and <span>glyphosate‐based</span> formulations for genotoxic activity using in vitro assays Open
Glyphosate, the most heavily used herbicide world‐wide, is applied to plants in complex formulations that promote absorption. The National Toxicology Program reported in 1992 that glyphosate, administered to rats and mice at doses up to 50…
View article: Do Storage Conditions Affect Collected Cookstove Emission Samples? Implications for Field Studies
Do Storage Conditions Affect Collected Cookstove Emission Samples? Implications for Field Studies Open
Cookstove emissions are a significant source of indoor air pollution in developing countries and rural communities world-wide. Considering that many research sites for evaluating cookstove emissions and interventions are remote and require…
View article: A cross‐sectional clinical study in women to investigate possible genotoxicity and hematological abnormalities related to the use of black cohosh botanical dietary supplements
A cross‐sectional clinical study in women to investigate possible genotoxicity and hematological abnormalities related to the use of black cohosh botanical dietary supplements Open
Black cohosh (BC; Actaea racemosa L.), a top‐selling botanical dietary supplement, is marketed to women primarily to ameliorate a variety of gynecological symptoms. Due to widespread usage, limited safety information, and sporadic reports …
View article: Quantitation of Phenolic Benzotriazole Class Compounds in Plasma by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
Quantitation of Phenolic Benzotriazole Class Compounds in Plasma by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) Open
Phenolic benzotriazoles are used as UV stabilizers in consumer products and have been detected in the environment suggesting potential human exposure. Phenolic benzotriazoles were nominated to the Division of National Toxicology Program fo…
View article: Development and Validation of an Analytical Method to Quantitate Hydroxycitric Acid, the Key Constituent in <i>Garcinia cambogia</i> Extract, in Rodent Plasma and Fetus
Development and Validation of an Analytical Method to Quantitate Hydroxycitric Acid, the Key Constituent in <i>Garcinia cambogia</i> Extract, in Rodent Plasma and Fetus Open
Garcinia cambogia extract (GCE) is a popular botanical supplement used in weight loss products. Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) is the principal component in GCE. Due to lack of adequate toxicity data to assess the safe use of GCE, the National T…
View article: Whole-body inhalation exposure to 2-ethyltoluene for two weeks produced nasal lesions in rats and mice
Whole-body inhalation exposure to 2-ethyltoluene for two weeks produced nasal lesions in rats and mice Open
Nasal lesions were observed in all animals after whole-body exposure up to 600 ppm 2-ET for 2 weeks. Future studies should focus on 2-ET metabolism and distribution to better understand species differences and refine hazard characterizatio…
View article: Phenolic benzotriazoles: a class comparison of toxicokinetics of ultraviolet-light absorbers in male rats
Phenolic benzotriazoles: a class comparison of toxicokinetics of ultraviolet-light absorbers in male rats Open
Phenolic benzotriazoles are ultraviolet-light absorbers used in a variety of industrial and consumer applications. We investigated the toxicokinetic behaviour of 9 compounds, covering unsubstituted, monosubstituted, disubstituted, and tris…
View article: The endogenous exposome
The endogenous exposome Open
The concept of the Exposome, is a compilation of diseases and one’s lifetime exposure to chemicals, whether the exposure comes from environmental, dietary, or occupational exposures; or endogenous chemicals that are formed from normal meta…
View article: Development and Application of an LC-MS/MS Method for the Detection of the Vinyl Chloride-Induced DNA Adduct N 2 ,3-Ethenoguanine in Tissues of Adult and Weanling Rats Following Exposure to [ 13 C 2 ]-VC
Development and Application of an LC-MS/MS Method for the Detection of the Vinyl Chloride-Induced DNA Adduct N 2 ,3-Ethenoguanine in Tissues of Adult and Weanling Rats Following Exposure to [ 13 C 2 ]-VC Open
In the 1970s exposure to vinyl chloride (VC) was shown to cause liver angiosarcoma in VC workers. We have developed a new LC-MS/MS method for analyzing the promutagenic DNA adduct N2,3-ethenoguanine (εG) and have applied this to DNA from t…
View article: A New LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of Endogenous and Vinyl Chloride-Induced 7-(2-Oxoethyl)Guanine in Sprague–Dawley Rats
A New LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of Endogenous and Vinyl Chloride-Induced 7-(2-Oxoethyl)Guanine in Sprague–Dawley Rats Open
Vinyl chloride (VC) is an industrial chemical that is known to be carcinogenic to animals and humans. VC primarily induces hepatic angiosarcomas following high exposures (≥50 ppm). VC is also found in Superfund sites at ppb concentrations …
View article: Development of an ultra performance LC/MS method to quantify cisplatin 1,2 intrastrand guanine-guanine adducts
Development of an ultra performance LC/MS method to quantify cisplatin 1,2 intrastrand guanine-guanine adducts Open
Platinum chemotherapeutic agents have been widely used in the treatment of cancer. Cisplatin was the first of the platinum based chemotherapeutic agents and therefore has been extensively studied as an anti-tumor agent since the late 1960s…
View article: Harnessing In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Data to Understand the Toxicity Landscape of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PACs)
Harnessing In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Data to Understand the Toxicity Landscape of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PACs) Open
Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) are compounds with a minimum of two six-atom aromatic fused rings. PACs arise from incomplete combustion or thermal decomposition of organic matter and are ubiquitous in the environment. Within PACs, ca…
View article: Comparative toxicokinetics of bisphenol S and bisphenol AF in male rats and mice following repeated exposure via feed
Comparative toxicokinetics of bisphenol S and bisphenol AF in male rats and mice following repeated exposure via feed Open
We investigated the plasma toxicokinetic behavior of free (parent) and total (parent and conjugated forms) of bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol AF (BPAF) in plasma of adult male rats and mice following exposure via feed for 7 days to BPS (33…
View article: Evaluation of 5-day In Vivo Rat Liver and Kidney With High-throughput Transcriptomics for Estimating Benchmark Doses of Apical Outcomes
Evaluation of 5-day In Vivo Rat Liver and Kidney With High-throughput Transcriptomics for Estimating Benchmark Doses of Apical Outcomes Open
A 5-day in vivo rat model was evaluated as an approach to estimate chemical exposures that may pose minimal risk by comparing benchmark dose (BMD) values for transcriptional changes in the liver and kidney to BMD values for toxicological e…
View article: Mutagenicity and Pollutant Emission Factors of Solid-Fuel Cookstoves: Comparison with Other Combustion Sources
Mutagenicity and Pollutant Emission Factors of Solid-Fuel Cookstoves: Comparison with Other Combustion Sources Open
BACKGROUND: Emissions from solid fuels used for cooking cause ~4 million premature deaths per year. Advanced solid-fuel cookstoves are a potential solution, but they should be assessed by appropriate performance indicators, including biolo…
View article: DNA Product Formation in Female Sprague–Dawley Rats Following Polyhalogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PHAH) Exposure
DNA Product Formation in Female Sprague–Dawley Rats Following Polyhalogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PHAH) Exposure Open
DNA oxidation damage has been regarded as one of the possible mechanisms for the hepatic carcinogenesis of dioxin-like compounds (DLCs). In this study, we evaluated the toxic equivalency factor (TEF) from the standpoint of induced DNA oxid…
View article: Toxicokinetics of the plasticizer, N-butylbenzenesulfonamide, in plasma and brain following oral exposure in rodents: Route, species, and sex comparison
Toxicokinetics of the plasticizer, N-butylbenzenesulfonamide, in plasma and brain following oral exposure in rodents: Route, species, and sex comparison Open
N-Butylbenzenesulfonamide (NBBS) is a widely used plasticizer and hence there is potential for human exposure via oral routes. This work investigates the toxicokinetic behavior of NBBS in rodents following a single gavage (20, 60, and 200 …
View article: Hepatic Transcriptomic Patterns in the Neonatal Rat After Pentabromodiphenyl Ether Exposure
Hepatic Transcriptomic Patterns in the Neonatal Rat After Pentabromodiphenyl Ether Exposure Open
Human exposure to pentabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE) mixture (DE-71) and its PBDE-47 congener can occur both in utero and during lactation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that PBDE-induced neonatal hepatic transcriptomic alterations in Wistar…
View article: Metabolism and disposition of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, a sunscreen ingredient, in Harlan Sprague Dawley rats and B6C3F1/N mice; a species and route comparison
Metabolism and disposition of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, a sunscreen ingredient, in Harlan Sprague Dawley rats and B6C3F1/N mice; a species and route comparison Open
2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (HMB) is a common ingredient in personal care products and used as an UV stabilizer. In these studies, disposition and metabolism of [14C]HMB in rats and mice was assessed following single gavage administrat…
View article: Evaluating Sufficient Similarity of Botanical Dietary Supplements: Combining Chemical and In Vitro Biological Data
Evaluating Sufficient Similarity of Botanical Dietary Supplements: Combining Chemical and In Vitro Biological Data Open
Botanical dietary supplements are complex mixtures with numerous potential sources of variation along the supply chain from raw plant material to the market. Approaches for determining sufficient similarity (ie, complex mixture read-across…