Explanipedia

Impact of Future Methane Emission Trajectories on Atmospheric Composition and Climate in a Future Hydrogen Economy Open

Vaishali Naïk, Fabien Paulot, Jing Feng, Larry W. Horowitz · 2025

Hydrogen () is projected to have an increasingly important role in a future low‐carbon economy. In a future economy, emissions could increase across the supply chain. When , a radiatively inert gas, is emitted, it undergoes similar chemica…

AerChemMIP2 – Unraveling the role of reactive gases, aerosol particles, and land use for air quality and climate change in CMIP7 Open

Stephanie Fiedler, Fiona M. O’Connor, Duncan Watson‐Parris, W. J. Collins, Matthew Kasoar , et al. · 2025

Phase 2 of the Aerosol and Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project (AerChemMIP2) is a registered model intercomparison project (MIP) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 7 (CMIP7). The focus of AerChemMIP2 is the quantificati…

A multi-model approach to constrain the atmospheric hydrogen budget Open

Srinath Krishnan, Ragnhild Bieltvedt Skeie, Øivind Hodnebrog, Gunnar Myhre, Maria Sand , et al. · 2025

Understanding the global hydrogen (H₂) budget is critical as H2 is expected to play an important role in future energy systems. Tropospheric H2 sources include direct emissions and atmospheric production via chemical reactions, while sinks…

Uncertain climate effects of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen Open

Øivind Hodnebrog, Caroline Jouan, Didier Hauglustaine, Fabien Paulot, Susanne E. Bauer , et al. · 2025

Introducing Volatile Organic Compound Model Intercomparison Project (VOCMIP) Open

Gunnar Myhre, Øivind Hodnebrog, Srinath Krishnan, Maria Sand, Marit Sandstad , et al. · 2025

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play an important role in atmospheric chemistry, influencing the cycling of peroxy and hydroxyl radicals, the formation of tropospheric ozone, hydrogen, secondary organic aerosol, and the lifetime of metha…

ENSO‐Driven Variability in Ozone Sources and Its Impact on Tropospheric Ozone Radiative Forcing Open

Arman Pouyaei, Paul Ginoux, Vaishali Naïk, Jing Feng, Larry W. Horowitz , et al. · 2025

Ozone is the third strongest anthropogenic greenhouse gas with highest radiative efficiency in the tropical upper troposphere. Variability driven by El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) modulates tropospheric column ozone instantaneous radi…

Quantifying Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity to Atmospheric Chemistry and Composition Representations in GFDL-CM4.0 and GFDL-ESM4.1 Open

Lori T. Sentman, John P. Dunne, Larry W. Horowitz, Vaishali Naïk, Fabien Paulot , et al. · 2025

Moisture Controls on Hydrogen Oxidizing Bacteria: Implications for the Global Soil Hydrogen Sink Open

Linta Reji, Matteo B. Bertagni, Fabien Paulot, Qianhui Qin, Xinning Zhang · 2025

Assessing the impact of increasing anthropogenic H 2 emissions on Earth’s radiative balance depends on understanding the soil microbial H 2 sink—the largest and the most uncertain term in the global H 2 budget. A primary control regulating…

ENSO-driven Variability in Ozone Sources and Its Impact on Tropospheric Ozone Radiative Forcing Open

Arman Pouyaei, Paul Ginoux, Vaishali Naïk, Jing Feng, Larry W. Horowitz , et al. · 2025

Impact of future methane emission trajectories on atmospheric composition and climate impacts of a future hydrogen economy Open

Glen Chua, Vaishali Naïk, Fabien Paulot, Jing Feng, Larry W. Horowitz · 2025

Emerging constraints on the H2 budget from polar firn air reconstructions Open

John D. Patterson, E. S. Saltzman, Fabien Paulot · 2025

Contemporary decline in northern Indian Ocean primary production offset by rising atmospheric nitrogen deposition Open

Manon Malsang, Laure Resplandy, Laurent Bopp, Yangyang Zhao, Sam Ditkovsky , et al. · 2024

Since 1980, atmospheric pollutants in South Asia and India have dramatically increased in response to industrialization and agricultural development, enhancing the atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic nitrogen in the northern Indian Oce…

Reanalysis of NOAA H 2 observations: implications for the H 2 budget Open

Fabien Paulot, Gabrielle Pétron, Andrew M. Crotwell, Matteo B. Bertagni · 2024

Hydrogen (H2) is a promising low-carbon alternative to fossil fuels for many applications. However, significant gaps in our understanding of the atmospheric H2 budget limit our ability to predict the impacts of greater H2 usage. Here we us…

The GFDL Variable‐Resolution Global Chemistry‐Climate Model for Research at the Nexus of US Climate and Air Quality Extremes Open

Meiyun Lin, Larry W. Horowitz, Ming Zhao, Lucas Harris, Paul Ginoux , et al. · 2024

We present a variable‐resolution global chemistry‐climate model (AM4VR) developed at NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) for research at the nexus of US climate and air quality extremes. AM4VR has a horizontal resolution of…

Comment on egusphere-2023-1602 Open

Fabien Paulot · 2024

Abstract. Hydrogen (H₂) is being considered for many applications as an alternative to fossil fuels. Robust assessment of the climate implications of increased H₂ usage in the global economy is partly…

Database of nitrification and nitrifiers in the global ocean Open

Weiyi Tang, Bess B. Ward, Michael Beman, Laura A. Bristow, Darren R. Clark , et al. · 2023

As a key biogeochemical pathway in the marine nitrogen cycle, nitrification (ammonia oxidation and nitrite oxidation) converts the most reduced form of nitrogen – ammonium–ammonia (NH4+–NH3) – into the oxidized species nitrite (NO2-) and n…

Database of nitrification and nitrifiers in the global ocean Open

Weiyi Tang, Bess B. Ward, Michael Beman, Laura A. Bristow, Darren R. Clark , et al. · 2023

This is a dataset compiling the observations of nitrification rates and nitrifiers' abundance in the global ocean. A template for scientists who want to add their data to the database is also provided. Tang, W., Ward, B. B., Beman, M., Bri…

Database of nitrification and nitrifiers in the global ocean Open

Weiyi Tang, Bess B. Ward, Michael Beman, Laura A. Bristow, Darren R. Clark , et al. · 2023

This is a dataset compiling the observations of nitrification rates and nitrifiers' abundance in the global ocean. A template for scientists who want to add their data to the database is also provided. Tang, W., Ward, B. B., Beman, M., Bri…

Comment on egusphere-2023-1602 Open

Fabien Paulot, Gabrielle Pétron, Andrew M. Crotwell, Matteo B. Bertagni · 2023

Abstract. Hydrogen (H₂) is being considered for many applications as an alternative to fossil fuels. Robust assessment of the climate implications of increased H₂ usage in the global economy is partly…

Comment on essd-2023-194 Open

Weiyi Tang, Bess B. Ward, Michael Beman, Laura A. Bristow, Darren R. Clark , et al. · 2023

Abstract. As a key biogeochemical pathway in the marine nitrogen cycle, nitrification (ammonia oxidation and nitrite oxidation) converts the most reduced form of nitrogen – ammonium/ammonia (NH₄⁺/ NH<…

Global food loss and waste embodies unrecognized harms to air quality and biodiversity hotspots Open

Yixin Guo, Haiyue Tan, Lin Zhang, Gang Liu, Mi Zhou , et al. · 2023

Global food loss and waste (FLW) undermines the resilience and sustainability of food systems and is closely tied to the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals on climate, resource use and food security. Here we reveal strong yet un…

Reanalysis of NOAA H 2 observations: implications for the H 2 budget Open

Fabien Paulot, Gabrielle Pétron, Andrew M. Crotwell, Matteo B. Bertagni · 2023

Hydrogen (H2) is being considered for many applications as an alternative to fossil fuels. Robust assessment of the climate implications of increased H2 usage in the global economy is partly hindered by uncertainties in its biogeochemical …

A multi-model assessment of the Global Warming Potential of hydrogen Open

Maria Sand, Ragnhild Bieltvedt Skeie, Marit Sandstad, Srinath Krishnan, Gunnar Myhre , et al. · 2023

Database of nitrification and nitrifiers in the global ocean Open

Weiyi Tang, Bess B. Ward, Michael Beman, Laura A. Bristow, Darren R. Clark , et al. · 2023

As a key biogeochemical pathway in the marine nitrogen cycle, nitrification (ammonia oxidation and nitrite oxidation) converts the most reduced form of nitrogen – ammonium/ammonia (NH4+/ NH3) into the oxidized species nitrite (NO2−) and ni…

Database of nitrification and nitrifiers in the global ocean Open

Weiyi Tang, Bess B. Ward, Michael Beman, Laura A. Bristow, Darren R. Clark , et al. · 2023

This is a dataset compiling the observations of nitrification rates and nitrifiers' abundance in the global ocean. The associated manuscript describing the dataset is in review.

Volcanic Drivers of Stratospheric Sulfur in GFDL ESM4 Open

Yuchao Gao, Vaishali Naïk, Larry W. Horowitz, Paul Ginoux, Fabien Paulot , et al. · 2023

Stratospheric injections of sulfur dioxide from major volcanic eruptions perturb the Earth's global radiative balance and dominate variability in stratospheric sulfur loading. The atmospheric component of the GFDL Earth System Model (ESM4.…

Risk of the hydrogen economy for atmospheric methane Open

Matteo B. Bertagni, Stephen W. Pacala, Fabien Paulot, Amilcare Porporato · 2022

Hydrogen (H 2 ) is expected to play a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, hydrogen losses to the atmosphere impact atmospheric chemistry, including positive feedback on methane (CH 4 ), the second most important gre…

A Mechanistic Sea Spray Generation Function Based on the Sea State and the Physics of Bubble Bursting Open

Luc Deike, Brandon G. Reichl, Fabien Paulot · 2022

Bubbles bursting at the ocean surface are an important source of ocean‐spray aerosol, with implications on radiative and cloud processes. Yet, very large uncertainties exist on the role of key physical controlling parameters, including win…

Climate benefit of a future hydrogen economy Open

Didier Hauglustaine, Fabien Paulot, W. J. Collins, Richard G. Derwent, Maria Sand , et al. · 2022

Robust evidence for reversal of the trend in aerosol effective climate forcing Open

Johannes Quaas, Hailing Jia, Chris Smith, Anna Lea Albright, Wenche Aas , et al. · 2022

Anthropogenic aerosols exert a cooling influence that offsets part of the greenhouse gas warming. Due to their short tropospheric lifetime of only several days, the aerosol forcing responds quickly to emissions. Here, we present and discus…

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