Rachel F. Tyndale
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View article: Evaluating the reinforcing properties of oxycodone and oxymorphone using intravenous drug self-administration in male rats
Evaluating the reinforcing properties of oxycodone and oxymorphone using intravenous drug self-administration in male rats Open
Oxycodone, a commonly abused opioid, and its metabolite oxymorphone are agonists at the μ-opioid receptor. While oxymorphone is more potent, and clinical data suggests a greater abuse liability, there is little data comparing them in precl…
View article: Do lab-based assessments of pretreatment smoking reinforcement and cue-specific craving predict smoking cessation with varenicline?
Do lab-based assessments of pretreatment smoking reinforcement and cue-specific craving predict smoking cessation with varenicline? Open
This study highlights the theoretical importance of smoking reinforcement and the predictive utility of Choice Behavior under Cued Conditions in identifying those at risk for relapse. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights rese…
View article: Extending Investigations of <scp>miR</scp>‐126‐5p on the Regulation of <scp>CYP2A6</scp>, the Major Nicotine‐Inactivating Enzyme
Extending Investigations of <span>miR</span>‐126‐5p on the Regulation of <span>CYP2A6</span>, the Major Nicotine‐Inactivating Enzyme Open
CYP2A6 is the hepatic enzyme responsible for the metabolic inactivation of nicotine. Variation in CYP2A6 alters nicotine clearance, affecting numerous smoking behaviors and tobacco‐related diseases, making investigating sources of variatio…
View article: A multi-site study examining the tobacco withdrawal trajectory in people with tobacco and cannabis co-use
A multi-site study examining the tobacco withdrawal trajectory in people with tobacco and cannabis co-use Open
People who co-use experience greater tobacco withdrawal severity one-week post abstinence compared to people who only use tobacco. Personalized interventions that target immediate tobacco withdrawal and/or cannabis use may help improve tob…
View article: Daily Cigarette Abstinence and Smoking Rate With Varenicline: Relationships With Treatment, Craving, and Affect During the First Week of the Quit Attempt
Daily Cigarette Abstinence and Smoking Rate With Varenicline: Relationships With Treatment, Craving, and Affect During the First Week of the Quit Attempt Open
Introduction Dichotomized smoking abstinence (abstinent/smoking) is the standard outcome for clinical trials, but obscures smoking behavior change. Examining both smoking probability and smoking rate as outcomes may identify unique barrier…
View article: Characterization of a novel mouse model of Dopamine Transporter Deficiency Syndrome and pharmacological therapeutic strategies
Characterization of a novel mouse model of Dopamine Transporter Deficiency Syndrome and pharmacological therapeutic strategies Open
The dopamine transporter (DAT) is an essential protein in the maintenance of dopamine homeostasis in the brain. Thus, single amino acid changes in the gene that encodes for DAT can be sufficient to induce disease, such as Dopamine Transpor…
View article: Implementing a Metabolism-informed approach for smoking cessation in an Alaska Tribal health system: study protocol for a single-arm implementation pilot trial
Implementing a Metabolism-informed approach for smoking cessation in an Alaska Tribal health system: study protocol for a single-arm implementation pilot trial Open
This study will be registered with clinicaltrials.gov after the beta test is complete and the final IRB protocol is approved.
View article: PharmVar GeneFocus: <i>CYP2A6</i>
PharmVar GeneFocus: <i>CYP2A6</i> Open
The Pharmacogene Variation Consortium (PharmVar) provides nomenclature for the human CYP2A gene locus containing the highly polymorphic CYP2A6 gene. CYP2A6 plays a role in the metabolism of nicotine and various drugs. Thus, genetic variati…
View article: Metronidazole Metabolism in Neonates and the Interplay Between Ontogeny and Genetic Variation
Metronidazole Metabolism in Neonates and the Interplay Between Ontogeny and Genetic Variation Open
Metronidazole is commonly used to treat intra-abdominal infections in neonates.1,2 The parent drug is converted to 5 metabolites, with 2-hydroxy-metronidazole being the most clinically significant, as it possesses 30–65% of the antimicrobi…
View article: Effects of open-label transdermal nicotine antidepressant augmentation on affective symptoms and executive function in late-life depression
Effects of open-label transdermal nicotine antidepressant augmentation on affective symptoms and executive function in late-life depression Open
The study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04433767).
View article: Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guideline for <i>CYP2B6</i> Genotype and Methadone Therapy
Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guideline for <i>CYP2B6</i> Genotype and Methadone Therapy Open
Methadone is a mu (μ) opioid receptor agonist used clinically in adults and children to manage opioid use disorder, neonatal abstinence syndrome, and acute and chronic pain. It is typically marketed as a racemic mixture of R ‐ and S ‐enant…
View article: Feasibility of precision smoking treatment in a low-income community setting: results of a pilot randomized controlled trial in The Southern Community Cohort Study
Feasibility of precision smoking treatment in a low-income community setting: results of a pilot randomized controlled trial in The Southern Community Cohort Study Open
View article: Genetic Prediction of Smoking Cessation Medication Side Effects: A Genome‐Wide Investigation of Abnormal Dreams on Varenicline
Genetic Prediction of Smoking Cessation Medication Side Effects: A Genome‐Wide Investigation of Abnormal Dreams on Varenicline Open
Varenicline, the most efficacious smoking cessation monotherapy, produces abnormal dreams. Although genetic contributions to varenicline‐associated nausea and cessation have been identified, the role of genetics in abnormal dreams is unkno…
View article: Implementing a Metabolism-Informed Approach for Smoking Cessation in an Alaska Tribal Health System: Study Protocol for a Single-Arm Implementation Pilot Trial
Implementing a Metabolism-Informed Approach for Smoking Cessation in an Alaska Tribal Health System: Study Protocol for a Single-Arm Implementation Pilot Trial Open
View article: Associating CYP2A6 structural variants with ovarian and lung cancer risk in the UK Biobank: replication and extension
Associating CYP2A6 structural variants with ovarian and lung cancer risk in the UK Biobank: replication and extension Open
View article: Behavioral and Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Nicotine e-Cigarette Inhalation in Female Rats
Behavioral and Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Nicotine e-Cigarette Inhalation in Female Rats Open
Introduction Nicotine and tobacco use remain high both globally and in the United States, contributing to large health care expenditures. With a rise in e-cigarette use, it is important to have clinically relevant models of inhaled nicotin…
View article: Factors influencing JUUL e-cigarette nicotine vapour-induced reward, withdrawal, pharmacokinetics and brain connectivity in rats: sex matters
Factors influencing JUUL e-cigarette nicotine vapour-induced reward, withdrawal, pharmacokinetics and brain connectivity in rats: sex matters Open
Though vaping likely represents a safer alternative to smoking, it is not without risks, many of which are not well understood, especially for vulnerable populations. Here we evaluate the sex- and age-dependent effects of JUUL nicotine vap…
View article: Relationships Between the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio and Laboratory Assessments of Smoking Reinforcement and Craving Among Adults in a Smoking Cessation Trial
Relationships Between the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio and Laboratory Assessments of Smoking Reinforcement and Craving Among Adults in a Smoking Cessation Trial Open
Introduction People who metabolize nicotine more quickly are generally less successful at quitting smoking. However, the mechanisms that link individual differences in the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), a phenotypic biomarker of the rate…
View article: <i>CYP2A6</i>associates with respiratory disease risk and younger age of diagnosis: a phenome-wide association Mendelian Randomization study
<i>CYP2A6</i>associates with respiratory disease risk and younger age of diagnosis: a phenome-wide association Mendelian Randomization study Open
CYP2A6, a genetically variable enzyme, inactivates nicotine, activates carcinogens, and metabolizes many pharmaceuticals. Variation in CYP2A6 influences smoking behaviors and tobacco-related disease risk. This phenome-wide association stud…
View article: Nicotine Metabolite Ratio Decreases After Switching Off Efavirenz‐Based Therapy in People With <scp>HIV</scp> Who Smoke
Nicotine Metabolite Ratio Decreases After Switching Off Efavirenz‐Based Therapy in People With <span>HIV</span> Who Smoke Open
Rates of cigarette smoking in people with HIV (PWH) are two to three times higher than in people without HIV. Nicotine is metabolized by CYP2A6 and the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR; 3‐hydroxycotinine/cotinine) is a measure of nicotine cl…
View article: Circulating Endocannabinoids and N-Acylethanolamines in Individuals with Cannabis Use Disorder—Preliminary Findings
Circulating Endocannabinoids and N-Acylethanolamines in Individuals with Cannabis Use Disorder—Preliminary Findings Open
Background: Endocannabinoids and related N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are bioactive lipids with important physiological functions and putative roles in mental health and addictions. Although chronic cannabis use is associated with endocannab…
View article: Smoking, tobacco dependence, and neurometabolites in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex
Smoking, tobacco dependence, and neurometabolites in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex Open
Cigarette smoking has a major impact on global health and morbidity, and positron emission tomographic research has provided evidence for reduced inflammation in the human brain associated with cigarette smoking. Given the consequences of …
View article: Executive functions and behavioral economic demand for cannabis among young adults: Indirect associations with cannabis consumption and cannabis use disorder.
Executive functions and behavioral economic demand for cannabis among young adults: Indirect associations with cannabis consumption and cannabis use disorder. Open
Behavioral economic demand for cannabis is robustly associated with cannabis consumption and cannabis use disorder (CUD). However, few studies have examined the processes underlying individual differences in the relative valuation of canna…
View article: Efficacy of insula deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with varenicline for smoking cessation: A randomized, double-blind, sham controlled trial
Efficacy of insula deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with varenicline for smoking cessation: A randomized, double-blind, sham controlled trial Open
This study provides evidence of the potential benefit of having a combined treatment for smoking cessation using insula rTMS with the H11 coil and varenicline. Maintenance rTMS sessions and continuation of varenicline for those in abstinen…
View article: Identification of Sociodemographic, Clinical, and Genetic Factors to Aid Alaska Native and American Indian People to Successfully Quit Smoking
Identification of Sociodemographic, Clinical, and Genetic Factors to Aid Alaska Native and American Indian People to Successfully Quit Smoking Open
Introduction Alaska Native and American Indian (ANAI) people have a smoking prevalence of 23%. Nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) and genetic testing may enable tailored selection of tobacco cessation medication. Aims and Methods The purpose …
View article: Can Treatment Support Mitigate Nicotine Metabolism-Based Disparities in Smoking Abstinence? Secondary Analysis of the Helping HAND 4 Trial
Can Treatment Support Mitigate Nicotine Metabolism-Based Disparities in Smoking Abstinence? Secondary Analysis of the Helping HAND 4 Trial Open
Introduction The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), a biomarker of CYP2A6-mediated nicotine metabolism, predicts the efficacy of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), with fast metabolizers benefiting less than slow metabolizers. Whether treat…
View article: Bayesian regularization to predict neuropsychiatric adverse events in smoking cessation with pharmacotherapy
Bayesian regularization to predict neuropsychiatric adverse events in smoking cessation with pharmacotherapy Open
Background Research on risk factors for neuropsychiatric adverse events (NAEs) in smoking cessation with pharmacotherapy is scarce. We aimed to identify predictors and develop a prediction model for risk of NAEs in smoking cessation with m…
View article: Data from Nicotine Metabolite Ratio (3-Hydroxycotinine/Cotinine) in Plasma and Urine by Different Analytical Methods and Laboratories: Implications for Clinical Implementation
Data from Nicotine Metabolite Ratio (3-Hydroxycotinine/Cotinine) in Plasma and Urine by Different Analytical Methods and Laboratories: Implications for Clinical Implementation Open
Background: The highly genetically variable enzyme CYP2A6 metabolizes nicotine to cotinine (COT) and COT to trans-3′-hydroxycotinine (3HC). The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR, 3HC/COT) is commonly used as a biomarker of CYP2A…
View article: Data from The Ability of Plasma Cotinine to Predict Nicotine and Carcinogen Exposure is Altered by Differences in CYP2A6: the Influence of Genetics, Race, and Sex
Data from The Ability of Plasma Cotinine to Predict Nicotine and Carcinogen Exposure is Altered by Differences in CYP2A6: the Influence of Genetics, Race, and Sex Open
Background: Cotinine, a nicotine metabolite, is a biomarker of tobacco, nicotine, and carcinogen exposure. However, a given cotinine level may not represent the same tobacco exposure; for example, African-Americans have higher cotin…
View article: Data from Nicotine Metabolite Ratio (3-Hydroxycotinine/Cotinine) in Plasma and Urine by Different Analytical Methods and Laboratories: Implications for Clinical Implementation
Data from Nicotine Metabolite Ratio (3-Hydroxycotinine/Cotinine) in Plasma and Urine by Different Analytical Methods and Laboratories: Implications for Clinical Implementation Open
Background: The highly genetically variable enzyme CYP2A6 metabolizes nicotine to cotinine (COT) and COT to trans-3′-hydroxycotinine (3HC). The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR, 3HC/COT) is commonly used as a biomarker of CYP2A…