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View article: On the possibility of reducing the size of a fusion reactor by increasing the plasma density
On the possibility of reducing the size of a fusion reactor by increasing the plasma density Open
A zero-dimensional analysis based on available scaling laws for the global energy confinement time of tokamak plasmas is presented, in order to consistently compute the fusion power as a function of the plasma density and of the plasma siz…
View article: Isotope mix effect on edge turbulent transport in pre-L-H transition conditions in JET-ILW
Isotope mix effect on edge turbulent transport in pre-L-H transition conditions in JET-ILW Open
The heat flux at the edge of L-mode JET-ILW (Be wall and W divertor) pulses is studied using the gyrokinetic code GENE in its flux-tube configuration as well as the quasi-linear turbulent transport model TGLF using the SAT2 and SAT3 satura…
View article: Investigation of multi-ion heat and neoclassical transport using new edge main ion measurements at ASDEX Upgrade
Investigation of multi-ion heat and neoclassical transport using new edge main ion measurements at ASDEX Upgrade Open
This study provides new insights into multi-ion heat transport and the validation of neoclassical theory at the edge of H-mode plasmas. Utilizing a high-resolution main ion charge exchange recombination spectroscopy system, the first chara…
View article: Effect of the plasma size on pedestal and global confinement and prediction for ITER with IMEP
Effect of the plasma size on pedestal and global confinement and prediction for ITER with IMEP Open
Accurately predicting the performance of fusion reactors like ITER is challenging due to uncertainties in scaling laws and limited validation of integrated models. This work presents numerical plasma size scans using the Integrated Model b…
View article: Analysis of the L-mode edge turbulent particle transport using gyrokinetic simulations and reduced transport models
Analysis of the L-mode edge turbulent particle transport using gyrokinetic simulations and reduced transport models Open
The particle transport in the region close to the separatrix of L-mode tokamak plasmas is analyzed using local gyrokinetic simulations with the Gyro-kinetic Electromagnetic Numerical Experiment code and the reduced turbulent transport mode…
View article: The new ITER baseline, research plan and open R&D issues
The new ITER baseline, research plan and open R&D issues Open
A new baseline (NB) has been proposed by the ITER Project to ensure a robust achievement of the Projects’ goals, in view of past challenges including delays incurred due to the Covid-19 pandemic, technical challenges in completing first-of…
View article: Validation and predictions of reduced models for stochastic electron transport in MAST and MAST-U
Validation and predictions of reduced models for stochastic electron transport in MAST and MAST-U Open
Magnetic stochastic perturbations can strongly influence cross-field transport in high β tokamak plasmas. The impact of stochastic magnetic fields on electron heat transport in MAST/MAST-U is studied over a range in collisionality. The phy…
View article: The impact of tungsten and tungsten transport on H-mode plasmas, experiments and modeling
The impact of tungsten and tungsten transport on H-mode plasmas, experiments and modeling Open
Tungsten has been identified and shown to have several very good properties which are necessarily required by the plasma facing material of a magnetic fusion reactor. At the same time, particularly in the relevant range of temperatures for…
View article: Bayesian inference of radial impurity transport in the pedestal of ASDEX Upgrade discharges using charge-exchange spectroscopy
Bayesian inference of radial impurity transport in the pedestal of ASDEX Upgrade discharges using charge-exchange spectroscopy Open
We present a novel framework for quantifying radial impurity transport in the pedestal of ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) discharges. Our method is based on charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy measurements of line radiation from multiple impuri…
View article: Transport and confinement physics: Chapter 2 of the special issue: on the path to tokamak burning plasma operation
Transport and confinement physics: Chapter 2 of the special issue: on the path to tokamak burning plasma operation Open
Progress in physics understanding and theoretical model development of plasma transport and confinement (TC) in the ITPA TC Topical Group since the publication of the ITER Physics Basis (IPB) document (Doyle et al 2007 Nucl. Fusion 47 S18)…
View article: Theory-based integrated modelling of tungsten transport in ITER plasmas
Theory-based integrated modelling of tungsten transport in ITER plasmas Open
A wide variety of ITER plasmas are investigated using a recently-developed integrated modelling framework, with particular emphasis on the transport and effects of tungsten (W) motivated by ITER’s new full-W walls. This workflow is entirel…
View article: Non-linear dependence of ion heat flux on plasma density at the L–H transition of JET NBI-heated deuterium–tritium plasmas
Non-linear dependence of ion heat flux on plasma density at the L–H transition of JET NBI-heated deuterium–tritium plasmas Open
Recent JET D–T campaigns opened the possibility of unique isotope studies to investigate the L–H transition physics in view of reactor plasmas and to study the origin of the observed power threshold minimum. In the present paper, we charac…
View article: Assessing the impact of alpha particles on thermal confinement in JET D-T plasmas through global GENE-Tango simulations
Assessing the impact of alpha particles on thermal confinement in JET D-T plasmas through global GENE-Tango simulations Open
The capability of the global, electromagnetic gyrokinetic GENE code interfaced with the transport Tango solver is exploited to address the impact of fusion alpha particles (in their dual role of fast particles and heating source) on plasma…
View article: Time-dependent full-radius integrated modeling of the DTT tokamak main plasma scenarios
Time-dependent full-radius integrated modeling of the DTT tokamak main plasma scenarios Open
We use an integrated modeling workflow with the transport code ASTRA coupled with the quasi-linear transport model TGLF-SAT2, the neoclassical model NCLASS, the FACIT model for the neoclassical impurity transport and the IMEP routines for …
View article: Observation of magnetic islands in tokamak plasmas during the suppression of edge-localized modes
Observation of magnetic islands in tokamak plasmas during the suppression of edge-localized modes Open
In tokamaks, a leading platform for fusion energy, periodic filamentary plasma eruptions known as edge-localized modes occur in plasmas with high-energy confinement and steep pressure profiles at the plasma edge. These edge-localized modes…
View article: Physics basis for the divertor tokamak test facility
Physics basis for the divertor tokamak test facility Open
This paper is dealing with the physics basis used for the design of the Divertor Tokamak Test facility (DTT), under construction in Frascati (DTT 2019 DTT interim design report (2019)) Italy, and with the description of the main target pla…
View article: Integrated modelling of tungsten accumulation control with wave heating: validation in ASDEX Upgrade and predictions for ITER
Integrated modelling of tungsten accumulation control with wave heating: validation in ASDEX Upgrade and predictions for ITER Open
In present-day fusion devices, central wave heating is crucial to avoid core tungsten (W) accumulation. In this work, we present an integrated modelling framework that reproduces the reduction of core W peaking in ASDEX Upgrade experiments…
View article: Decoupling beam power and beam energy on ASDEX Upgrade NBI with an in-situ variable extraction gap system
Decoupling beam power and beam energy on ASDEX Upgrade NBI with an in-situ variable extraction gap system Open
In early 2022 one source of ASDEX Upgrade’s (AUG) neutral beam injector 2 was equipped with a first-of-its-kind beam extraction grid system with in-situ variable extraction/acceleration gap that allows one to choose beam energy and beam po…
View article: From L-mode to the L–H transition, experiments on ASDEX upgrade and related gyrokinetic simulations
From L-mode to the L–H transition, experiments on ASDEX upgrade and related gyrokinetic simulations Open
This work combines experimental observations from the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak with related gyrokinetic simulations of the turbulence moving from L-mode toward, and beyond, the L–H transition. Dedicated experiments have been performed with sl…
View article: Successful prediction of tokamak transport in the L-mode regime
Successful prediction of tokamak transport in the L-mode regime Open
A long standing shortfall in the predicted L-mode edge energy transport by reduced quasi-linear models of gyrokinetic turbulent transport has been resolved. The improved model TGLF-SAT2 has higher fidelity to gyrokinetic simulations of the…
View article: Divertor Tokamak Test facility project: status of design and implementation
Divertor Tokamak Test facility project: status of design and implementation Open
An overview is presented of the progress since 2021 in the construction and scientific programme preparation of the Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) facility. Licensing for building construction has been granted at the end of 2021. Licensing fo…
View article: Assessing the Impact of Alpha Particles on Thermal Confinement in JET D-T Plasmas through Global GENE-Tango Simulations
Assessing the Impact of Alpha Particles on Thermal Confinement in JET D-T Plasmas through Global GENE-Tango Simulations Open
The capability of the global, electromagnetic gyrokinetic GENE code interfaced with the transport Tango solver is exploited to address the impact of fusion alpha particles (in their dual role of fast particles and heating source) on plasma…
View article: Investigation of triangularity impact on impurity content in JET-ILW H, D, T, and DT plasmas
Investigation of triangularity impact on impurity content in JET-ILW H, D, T, and DT plasmas Open
The work presents the recent outcome of the research on Joint European Torus with ITER-like wall (JET-ILW) concerning Be, mid-Z (Ni, Cu, Fe), and high-Z (W) impurities for a selection of Neutral Beam Injection-heated, ELMy H-mode pulses us…
View article: Overview of T and D–T results in JET with ITER-like wall
Overview of T and D–T results in JET with ITER-like wall Open
In 2021 JET exploited its unique capabilities to operate with T and D–T fuel with an ITER-like Be/W wall (JET-ILW). This second major JET D–T campaign (DTE2), after DTE1 in 1997, represented the culmination of a series of JET enhancements—…
View article: Experimental validation of momentum transport theory in the core of H-mode plasmas in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak
Experimental validation of momentum transport theory in the core of H-mode plasmas in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak Open
This study employs the established momentum transport analysis at ASDEX Upgrade [Zimmermann et al., Nucl. Fusion 63, 124003 (2023)] to investigate the parametric variations of the momentum transport coefficients in the core of H-mode plasm…
View article: Plasma profile reconstruction supported by kinetic modeling
Plasma profile reconstruction supported by kinetic modeling Open
Combining the analysis of multiple diagnostics and well-chosen prior information in the framework of Bayesian probability theory, the Integrated Data Analysis code (IDA Fischer et al 2010 Fusion Sci. Technol. 58 675–84) can provide density…