Falk Steffen
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View article: Neurofilament Light Chains in Serum Predict Post—Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Hepatic Encephalopathy
Neurofilament Light Chains in Serum Predict Post—Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Hepatic Encephalopathy Open
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) insertion constitutes a frequent and severe complication. However, there is a lack of robust predictive biomarkers for post‐TIPS HE, so far. This study …
View article: Role of CD5 signalling for pro-inflammatory Th17 response in multiple sclerosis
Role of CD5 signalling for pro-inflammatory Th17 response in multiple sclerosis Open
Pro-inflammatory T helper 17 (Th17) cells are of vital importance in human autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Due to differentiation and functional plasticity, Th17 cells are able to produce a variety of pro-inflammatory …
View article: The potassium channel K2P2.1 shapes the morphology and function of brain endothelial cells via actin network remodeling
The potassium channel K2P2.1 shapes the morphology and function of brain endothelial cells via actin network remodeling Open
K 2P 2.1 (gene: Kcnk2 ), a two-pore-domain potassium channel, regulates leukocyte transmigration across the blood-brain barrier by a yet unknown mechanism. We demonstrate that Kcnk2 −/− mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (MBMECs) …
View article: Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein Reflects Disease Activity in Autoimmune Encephalitis
Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein Reflects Disease Activity in Autoimmune Encephalitis Open
Background and Purpose Management of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is challenging due to a lack of reliable biomarkers. We here assess the combination of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and neurofilament (NfL) as biomarkers for diagnos…
View article: Biomarker combinations from different modalities predict early disability accumulation in multiple sclerosis
Biomarker combinations from different modalities predict early disability accumulation in multiple sclerosis Open
Objective Establishing biomarkers to predict multiple sclerosis (MS) disability accrual has been challenging using a single biomarker approach, likely due to the complex interplay of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Here, we aimed …
View article: Exploring the Link Between Renal Function Fluctuations Within the Physiological Range and Serum/CSF Levels of NfL, GFAP, tTAU, and UCHL1
Exploring the Link Between Renal Function Fluctuations Within the Physiological Range and Serum/CSF Levels of NfL, GFAP, tTAU, and UCHL1 Open
Impaired renal function can influence biomarker levels through mechanisms involving blood–brain barrier integrity and clearance pathways; however, the impact of variations within normal renal function remains unclear. The main aim of this …
View article: BDNF levels in serum and CSF are associated with clinicoradiological characteristics of aggressive disease in MS patients
BDNF levels in serum and CSF are associated with clinicoradiological characteristics of aggressive disease in MS patients Open
View article: Prognostic value of blood-based biomarkers in multiple sclerosis patients in the absence of clinical relapses or new MRI lesions
Prognostic value of blood-based biomarkers in multiple sclerosis patients in the absence of clinical relapses or new MRI lesions Open
Background: In multiple sclerosis (MS), an increase in whole-brain lesion volume (LV) on MRI can be observed even in the absence of newly demarcated focal lesions or clinical relapses. However, it is unknown whether the presence of increas…
View article: Increased Disability Progression in <scp>rs10191329<sup>AA</sup></scp> Carriers with Multiple Sclerosis Is Preceded by Neurofilament Light Chain Elevations
Increased Disability Progression in <span>rs10191329<sup>AA</sup></span> Carriers with Multiple Sclerosis Is Preceded by Neurofilament Light Chain Elevations Open
Objective We examined the impact of the rs10191329 genetic risk variant on neuroaxonal damage as measured by serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels, and disability progression in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Methods In a c…
View article: Recurrent late-onset neutropenia following treatment with different B cell-depleting strategies in multiple sclerosis
Recurrent late-onset neutropenia following treatment with different B cell-depleting strategies in multiple sclerosis Open
This study was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG; SFB CRC-TR-128 to F.Z., V.F., and S.B..; SFB 1080 and SFB CRC-1292 to F.Z..; and SFB/TRR 355 to S.B.) and the Hermann and Lilly Schilling Foundation (to S.B.).
View article: Clinical and Diagnostic Features of Post-Acute COVID-19 Vaccination Syndrome (PACVS)
Clinical and Diagnostic Features of Post-Acute COVID-19 Vaccination Syndrome (PACVS) Open
Post-acute COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PACVS) is a chronic disease triggered by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (estimated prevalence 0.02%). PACVS is discriminated from the normal post-vaccination state by altered receptor antibodies, most nota…
View article: Clinical and Diagnostic Features of Post-Acute COVID-19 Vaccination Syndrome (PACVS)
Clinical and Diagnostic Features of Post-Acute COVID-19 Vaccination Syndrome (PACVS) Open
Post-acute COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PACVS) is distinguished from the normal post-vaccination state by altered receptor antibodies (Semmler et al. Vaccines 2023, 11, 1642). Here, we explore the symptoms registry and standard serum mar…
View article: Altered cortical synaptic lipid signaling leads to intermediate phenotypes of mental disorders
Altered cortical synaptic lipid signaling leads to intermediate phenotypes of mental disorders Open
View article: Evaluating the utility of serum NfL, GFAP, UCHL1 and tTAU as estimates of CSF levels and diagnostic instrument in neuroinflammation and multiple sclerosis
Evaluating the utility of serum NfL, GFAP, UCHL1 and tTAU as estimates of CSF levels and diagnostic instrument in neuroinflammation and multiple sclerosis Open
NfL and GFAP but not UCHL1 or tTAU serum concentrations are associated with CSF levels of the respective biomarker. NfL exhibits more robust correlations between its serum and CSF concentrations as compared to GFAP independently from BBB i…
View article: Matching proposed clinical and MRI criteria of aggressive multiple sclerosis to serum and cerebrospinal fluid markers of neuroaxonal and glial injury
Matching proposed clinical and MRI criteria of aggressive multiple sclerosis to serum and cerebrospinal fluid markers of neuroaxonal and glial injury Open
View article: Cognitive decline in post-COVID-19 syndrome does not correspond with persisting neuronal or astrocytic damage
Cognitive decline in post-COVID-19 syndrome does not correspond with persisting neuronal or astrocytic damage Open
View article: Studying serum neurofilament light chain levels as a potential new biomarker for small fiber neuropathy
Studying serum neurofilament light chain levels as a potential new biomarker for small fiber neuropathy Open
Background and purpose Diagnosing small fiber neuropathies can be challenging. To address this issue, whether serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) could serve as a potential biomarker of damage to epidermal Aδ‐ and C‐fibers was tested. M…
View article: Case Report: Balancing immune responses – multiple sclerosis disease exacerbation under BRAF/MEK treatment for malignant melanoma
Case Report: Balancing immune responses – multiple sclerosis disease exacerbation under BRAF/MEK treatment for malignant melanoma Open
Background Combination treatment with BRAF/MEK inhibitors favorably impact progression-free survival in malignant melanoma. However, it may cause paradoxical activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway in immune cells without BRAF mutation, which m…
View article: Spatial transcriptomics and neurofilament light chain reveal changes in lesion patterns in murine autoimmune neuroinflammation
Spatial transcriptomics and neurofilament light chain reveal changes in lesion patterns in murine autoimmune neuroinflammation Open
View article: Strict blood pressure control following thrombectomy is associated with neuronal injury and poor functional outcome
Strict blood pressure control following thrombectomy is associated with neuronal injury and poor functional outcome Open
Objective Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has become standard treatment in acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (LVO). However, optimal blood pressure (BP) management following successful recanalization remains unclear. We aim …
View article: Relevance of dedicated multiple sclerosis serum biomarkers in predicting contrast enhancement with gadolinium: Results from the <scp>REDUCE‐GAD</scp> trial
Relevance of dedicated multiple sclerosis serum biomarkers in predicting contrast enhancement with gadolinium: Results from the <span>REDUCE‐GAD</span> trial Open
Background The presence of contrast enhancement (CE) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the principal criteria for diagnosis and disease activity of multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, MS patients are frequently exposed to contr…
View article: Elevated neurofilament light chain CSF/serum ratio indicates impaired CSF outflow in idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Elevated neurofilament light chain CSF/serum ratio indicates impaired CSF outflow in idiopathic intracranial hypertension Open
View article: Serum Neurofilament Identifies Patients With Multiple Sclerosis With Severe Focal Axonal Damage in a 6-Year Longitudinal Cohort
Serum Neurofilament Identifies Patients With Multiple Sclerosis With Severe Focal Axonal Damage in a 6-Year Longitudinal Cohort Open
sNfL levels associate with severe focal axonal damage as reflected by development of persistent T1 lesions. Baseline sNfL values predicted NEDA-3T1 status at 6-year follow-up.
View article: Effect of Estimated Blood Volume and Body Mass Index on GFAP and NfL Levels in the Serum and CSF of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Effect of Estimated Blood Volume and Body Mass Index on GFAP and NfL Levels in the Serum and CSF of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Open
These findings support the notion that the volume of distribution of sGFAP approximated by BV and BMI is a relevant variable and should therefore be controlled for when measuring sGFAP in MS, while this might not be necessary when measurin…
View article: Immunoadsorption versus double-dose methylprednisolone in refractory multiple sclerosis relapses
Immunoadsorption versus double-dose methylprednisolone in refractory multiple sclerosis relapses Open
View article: Improved prediction of early cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis combining blood and imaging biomarkers
Improved prediction of early cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis combining blood and imaging biomarkers Open
Disability in multiple sclerosis is generally classified by sensory and motor symptoms, yet cognitive impairment has been identified as a frequent manifestation already in the early disease stages. Imaging- and more recently blood-based bi…
View article: Detecting ongoing disease activity in mildly affected multiple sclerosis patients under first-line therapies
Detecting ongoing disease activity in mildly affected multiple sclerosis patients under first-line therapies Open
View article: Alemtuzumab-induced immune phenotype and repertoire changes: implications for secondary autoimmunity
Alemtuzumab-induced immune phenotype and repertoire changes: implications for secondary autoimmunity Open
Alemtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody that causes rapid depletion of CD52-expressing immune cells. It has proven to be highly efficacious in active relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis; however, the high risk of secondary autoimmune disor…
View article: Comparative effectiveness of natalizumab <i>versus</i> ocrelizumab in multiple sclerosis: a real-world propensity score–matched study
Comparative effectiveness of natalizumab <i>versus</i> ocrelizumab in multiple sclerosis: a real-world propensity score–matched study Open
Background: For treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), a broad range of disease-modifying therapies (DMT) is available. However, few comparative effectiveness studies between different drugs have been performed. Object…
View article: NfL predicts relapse-free progression in a longitudinal multiple sclerosis cohort study
NfL predicts relapse-free progression in a longitudinal multiple sclerosis cohort study Open