Paul F. Smith
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View article: Optimizing noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) for postural control: methodological considerations when individualizing the signal for people with bilateral vestibulopathy
Optimizing noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) for postural control: methodological considerations when individualizing the signal for people with bilateral vestibulopathy Open
An established aspect of noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) is tuning the nGVS signal to optimize stability on an individual basis. However, conventional tuning methods are strongly influenced by historical approaches and fail to…
View article: Lack of Amino Acid Alterations Within the Cochlear Nucleus and the Auditory Cortex in Acoustic Trauma-Induced Tinnitus Rats Using In Vivo Microdialysis
Lack of Amino Acid Alterations Within the Cochlear Nucleus and the Auditory Cortex in Acoustic Trauma-Induced Tinnitus Rats Using In Vivo Microdialysis Open
Background/Objectives: Tinnitus is a debilitating auditory disorder commonly described as a ringing in the ears in the absence of an external sound source. Sound trauma is considered a primary cause. Neuronal hyperactivity is one potential…
View article: Lack of Amino Acid Alterations within the Cochlear Nucleus and the Auditory Cortex in Acoustic Trauma-Induced Tinnitus Rats using In Vivo Microdialysis
Lack of Amino Acid Alterations within the Cochlear Nucleus and the Auditory Cortex in Acoustic Trauma-Induced Tinnitus Rats using In Vivo Microdialysis Open
Tinnitus is a debilitating auditory disorder commonly described as a ringing in the ears in the absence of an external sound source. Although various risk factors have been reported to be related to the perception of tinnitus, sound trauma…
View article: Animal studies linking the vestibular system and memory: Aotearoa/New Zealand’s contribution
Animal studies linking the vestibular system and memory: Aotearoa/New Zealand’s contribution Open
Animal studies of the mammalian vestibular system began at the University of Otago in 1987. From approximately 2000, these studies focused on the effects of vestibular lesions and stimulation, on spatial memory and the hippocampus. Our res…
View article: A scoping review of tinnitus research undertaken by New Zealand researchers: Aotearoa–an international hotspot for tinnitus innovation and collaboration
A scoping review of tinnitus research undertaken by New Zealand researchers: Aotearoa–an international hotspot for tinnitus innovation and collaboration Open
Tinnitus is a very common oto-neurological disorder of the perception of sound when no sound is present. To improve understanding of the scope, strengths and weaknesses of New Zealand tinnitus research, a critical scoping review was undert…
View article: Time-dependent effects of acoustic trauma and tinnitus on extracellular levels of amino acids in the inferior colliculus of rats
Time-dependent effects of acoustic trauma and tinnitus on extracellular levels of amino acids in the inferior colliculus of rats Open
Chronic tinnitus is a debilitating condition with very few management options. Acoustic trauma that causes tinnitus has been shown to induce neuronal hyperactivity in multiple brain areas in the auditory pathway, including the inferior col…
View article: Interpreting the meaning of changes in hippocampal volume associated with vestibular loss
Interpreting the meaning of changes in hippocampal volume associated with vestibular loss Open
Many studies have documented cognitive deficits, especially spatial cognitive deficits, in patients with some form of vestibular loss. Almost 20 years ago, hippocampal (HPC) atrophy was reported to be correlated with spatial memory deficit…
View article: Targeting the Limbic System: Insights into Its Involvement in Tinnitus
Targeting the Limbic System: Insights into Its Involvement in Tinnitus Open
Tinnitus is originally derived from the Latin verb tinnire, which means “to ring”. Tinnitus, a complex disorder, is a result of sentient cognizance of a sound in the absence of an external auditory stimulus. It is reported in children, adu…
View article: Scoping out noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation: a review of the parameters used to improve postural control
Scoping out noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation: a review of the parameters used to improve postural control Open
Objective Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) has been used to facilitate vestibular function and improve gait and balance in people with poor postural control. The aim of this scoping review is to collate, summarize and report on…
View article: Vestibular modulation of the tail of the rat striatum
Vestibular modulation of the tail of the rat striatum Open
Fragmented and piecemeal evidence from animal and human studies suggests that vestibular information is transmitted to the striatum, a part of the basal ganglia that degenerates in Parkinson’s Disease. Nonetheless, surprisingly little is k…
View article: Efficacy of nGVS to improve postural stability in people with bilateral vestibulopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Efficacy of nGVS to improve postural stability in people with bilateral vestibulopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis Open
Objective Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) has been used to boost vestibular afferent information to the central nervous system. This has the potential to improve postural control for people for whom vestibular signals are weak…
View article: Recent developments in the understanding of the interactions between the vestibular system, memory, the hippocampus, and the striatum
Recent developments in the understanding of the interactions between the vestibular system, memory, the hippocampus, and the striatum Open
Over the last two decades, evidence has accumulated to demonstrate that the vestibular system has extensive connections with areas of the brain related to spatial memory, such as the hippocampus, and also that it has significant interactio…
View article: Why Should Constant Stimulation of Saccular Afferents Modify the Posture and Gait of Patients with Bilateral Vestibular Dysfunction? The Saccular Substitution Hypothesis
Why Should Constant Stimulation of Saccular Afferents Modify the Posture and Gait of Patients with Bilateral Vestibular Dysfunction? The Saccular Substitution Hypothesis Open
An ongoing EU Horizon 2020 Project called BionicVEST is investigating the effect of constant electrical stimulation (ES) of the inferior vestibular nerve in patients with bilateral vestibular dysfunction (BVD). The evidence is that constan…
View article: Why Should Constant Stimulation Of Saccular Afferents Modify The Posture And Gait Of Patients With Bilateral Vestibular Dysfunction? A Review
Why Should Constant Stimulation Of Saccular Afferents Modify The Posture And Gait Of Patients With Bilateral Vestibular Dysfunction? A Review Open
An ongoing EU Horizon 2020 Project called BionicVEST is investigating the effect of constant electrical stimulation (ES) of the inferior vestibular nerve in patients with bilateral vestibular dysfunction (BVD)[1]. The evidence is that cons…
View article: Exploring the Mechanism and Suggesting Combination Therapies for HDAC Inhibitors in Androgen Receptor-Null Prostate Cancer Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis and Data Mining Techniques
Exploring the Mechanism and Suggesting Combination Therapies for HDAC Inhibitors in Androgen Receptor-Null Prostate Cancer Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis and Data Mining Techniques Open
Previously, we showed that novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, N1-hydroxy- N 8 -(4-(pyridine-2-carbothioamido)phenyl)octanediamide (Jazz90) and [chlorido(η 5 -pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)( N1-hydroxy- N8-(4-(pyridine-2-carbothioam…
View article: Frequency-Specific Effects of Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation on Response-Time Performance in Parkinson's Disease
Frequency-Specific Effects of Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation on Response-Time Performance in Parkinson's Disease Open
Background: Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is being increasingly explored as a non-invasive brain stimulation technique to treat symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). To date, behavioral GVS effects in PD have been explored with onl…
View article: Noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Combined With a Multisensory Balance Program in Older Adults With Moderate to High Fall Risk: Protocol for a Feasibility Study for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Combined With a Multisensory Balance Program in Older Adults With Moderate to High Fall Risk: Protocol for a Feasibility Study for a Randomized Controlled Trial Open
Background Reduced mobility and falls are common among older adults. Balance retraining programs are effective in reducing falls and in improving balance and mobility. Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation is a low-level electrical stimula…
View article: Noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Combined With a Multisensory Balance Program in Older Adults With Moderate to High Fall Risk: Protocol for a Feasibility Study for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Combined With a Multisensory Balance Program in Older Adults With Moderate to High Fall Risk: Protocol for a Feasibility Study for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint) Open
BACKGROUND Reduced mobility and falls are common among older adults. Balance retraining programs are effective in reducing falls and in improving balance and mobility. Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation is a low-level electrical stimul…
View article: Applications of Multivariate Statistical and Data Mining Analyses to the Search for Biomarkers of Sensorineural Hearing Loss, Tinnitus, and Vestibular Dysfunction
Applications of Multivariate Statistical and Data Mining Analyses to the Search for Biomarkers of Sensorineural Hearing Loss, Tinnitus, and Vestibular Dysfunction Open
Disorders of sensory systems, as with most disorders of the nervous system, usually involve the interaction of multiple variables to cause some change, and yet often basic sensory neuroscience data are analyzed using univariate statistical…
View article: Mental Health and Benzodiazepine Use Among Patients on Chronic Opioid Therapy
Mental Health and Benzodiazepine Use Among Patients on Chronic Opioid Therapy Open
As practices taper or de-prescribe opioids, or implement harm reduction methods such as de-prescribing benzodiazepines, it is important to understand patient characteristics and their relationship to success with tapering. This study adds …
View article: Vestibular Modulation of Long-Term Potentiation and NMDA Receptor Expression in the Hippocampus
Vestibular Modulation of Long-Term Potentiation and NMDA Receptor Expression in the Hippocampus Open
Loss of vestibular function is known to cause spatial memory deficits and hippocampal dysfunction, in terms of impaired place cell firing and abnormal theta rhythm. Based on these results, it has been of interest to determine whether vesti…
View article: Peer Review #1 of "Auditory processing in the zebra finch midbrain: single unit responses and effect of rearing experience (v0.2)"
Peer Review #1 of "Auditory processing in the zebra finch midbrain: single unit responses and effect of rearing experience (v0.2)" Open
In birds the auditory system plays a key role in providing the sensory input used to discriminate between conspecific and heterospecific vocal signals.In those species that are known to learn their vocalizations, e.g., songbirds, it is gen…
View article: Auditory processing in the zebra finch midbrain: single unit responses and effect of rearing experience
Auditory processing in the zebra finch midbrain: single unit responses and effect of rearing experience Open
In birds the auditory system plays a key role in providing the sensory input used to discriminate between conspecific and heterospecific vocal signals. In those species that are known to learn their vocalizations, for example, songbirds, i…
View article: Peer Review #2 of "Auditory processing in the zebra finch midbrain: single unit responses and effect of rearing experience (v0.2)"
Peer Review #2 of "Auditory processing in the zebra finch midbrain: single unit responses and effect of rearing experience (v0.2)" Open
In birds the auditory system plays a key role in providing the sensory input used to discriminate between conspecific and heterospecific vocal signals.In those species that are known to learn their vocalizations, e.g., songbirds, it is gen…
View article: Peer Review #1 of "Auditory processing in the zebra finch midbrain: single unit responses and effect of rearing experience (v0.1)"
Peer Review #1 of "Auditory processing in the zebra finch midbrain: single unit responses and effect of rearing experience (v0.1)" Open
In birds the auditory system plays a key role in providing the sensory input used to discriminate between conspecific and heterospecific vocal signals.In those species that are known to learn their vocalizations, e.g., songbirds, it is gen…
View article: Peer Review #2 of "Auditory processing in the zebra finch midbrain: single unit responses and effect of rearing experience (v0.1)"
Peer Review #2 of "Auditory processing in the zebra finch midbrain: single unit responses and effect of rearing experience (v0.1)" Open
In birds the auditory system plays a key role in providing the sensory input used to discriminate between conspecific and heterospecific vocal signals.In those species that are known to learn their vocalizations, e.g., songbirds, it is gen…
View article: Aging, Vestibular Function, and Balance: Proceedings of a National Institute on Aging/National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Workshop
Aging, Vestibular Function, and Balance: Proceedings of a National Institute on Aging/National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Workshop Open
Balance impairment and falls are among the most prevalent and morbid conditions affecting older adults. A critical contributor to balance and gait function is the vestibular system; however, there remain substantial knowledge gaps regardin…
View article: MLd respones in normal reared and cross fostered zebra finches
MLd respones in normal reared and cross fostered zebra finches Open
Data to accompany Peer J manuscript. Data tanks in Tucker Davis Technology format are contained within the .zip file. Tanks correspond to units in mixed model table -R1. README.txt describes the contents of Mixed Model table-R1For help ope…