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View article: Identification of key host genes for influenza A virus in avian cells using a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen
Identification of key host genes for influenza A virus in avian cells using a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen Open
Influenza A virus (IAV) causes major economic losses to the poultry industry and poses a zoonotic threat to human health. Potential pandemic outbreaks are underpinned by the ability of the virus to jump from one species to another. Host-vi…
View article: Cas10 based 7SL-sRNA diagnostic for the detection of active trypanosomosis
Cas10 based 7SL-sRNA diagnostic for the detection of active trypanosomosis Open
Animal Trypanosomosis (AT) is a significant disease affecting cattle across sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and Asia, posing a major threat to economic productivity and animal welfare. The absence of reliable diagnostic tests has led to…
View article: Human ACE2 transgenic pigs are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 and develop COVID-19-like disease
Human ACE2 transgenic pigs are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 and develop COVID-19-like disease Open
Animal models that accurately reflect COVID-19 are vital for understanding mechanisms of disease and advancing development of improved vaccines and therapeutics. Pigs are increasingly recognized as valuable models for human disease due to …
View article: Cas10 based 7SL-sRNA diagnostic for the detection of active trypanosomiasis
Cas10 based 7SL-sRNA diagnostic for the detection of active trypanosomiasis Open
Animal Trypanosomosis (AT) is a significant disease affecting cattle across sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and Asia, posing a major threat to economic productivity and animal welfare. The absence of reliable diagnostic tests has led to…
View article: SARS-CoV-2 infected human ACE2 transgenic pigs develop severe COVID-19-like pathology.
SARS-CoV-2 infected human ACE2 transgenic pigs develop severe COVID-19-like pathology. Open
COVID-19 continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality, with emerging strains rapidly spreading despite substantial immunity through vaccination and previous exposure. Animal models that accurately reflect COVID-19 are vital for t…
View article: CpG dinucleotide enrichment in the influenza A virus genome as a live attenuated vaccine development strategy
CpG dinucleotide enrichment in the influenza A virus genome as a live attenuated vaccine development strategy Open
Synonymous recoding of RNA virus genomes is a promising approach for generating attenuated viruses to use as vaccines. Problematically, recoding typically hinders virus growth, but this may be rectified using CpG dinucleotide enrichment. C…
View article: Zoonotic avian influenza viruses evade human BTN3A3 restriction
Zoonotic avian influenza viruses evade human BTN3A3 restriction Open
Cross-species transmission of avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) into humans could represent the first step of a future pandemic 1 . Multiple factors limiting the spillover and adaptation of avian IAVs in humans have been identified, but the…
View article: CpG dinucleotide enrichment in the influenza A virus genome as a live attenuated vaccine development strategy
CpG dinucleotide enrichment in the influenza A virus genome as a live attenuated vaccine development strategy Open
Synonymous recoding of RNA virus genomes is a promising approach for generating attenuated viruses to use as vaccines. Problematically, recoding typically hinders virus growth, but this may be rectified using CpG dinucleotide enrichment. C…
View article: Comparative Sensitivity and Specificity of the 7SL sRNA Diagnostic Test for Animal Trypanosomiasis
Comparative Sensitivity and Specificity of the 7SL sRNA Diagnostic Test for Animal Trypanosomiasis Open
Animal trypanosomiasis (AT) is a significant livestock disease, affecting millions of animals across Sub-Saharan Africa, Central and South America, and Asia, and is caused by the protozoan parasites Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma vivax, a…
View article: Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus infection induces changes in microRNA expression in the ovine lung
Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus infection induces changes in microRNA expression in the ovine lung Open
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is an infectious neoplastic lung disease of sheep caused by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus. OPA is an important veterinary problem and is also a valuable large animal model for human lung adenocarcinoma. J…
View article: Does the Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein (ZAP) Shape the Evolution of Herpesvirus Genomes?
Does the Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein (ZAP) Shape the Evolution of Herpesvirus Genomes? Open
An evolutionary arms race occurs between viruses and hosts. Hosts have developed an array of antiviral mechanisms aimed at inhibiting replication and spread of viruses, reducing their fitness, and ultimately minimising pathogenic effects. …
View article: Stem cell-derived macrophages as a new platform for studying host-pathogen interactions in livestock
Stem cell-derived macrophages as a new platform for studying host-pathogen interactions in livestock Open
Infectious diseases of farmed and wild animals pose a recurrent threat to food security and human health. The macrophage, a key component of the innate immune system, is the first line of defence against many infectious agents and plays a …
View article: A Genome-Wide CRISPR/Cas9 Screen Reveals the Requirement of Host Sphingomyelin Synthase 1 for Infection with Pseudorabies Virus Mutant gD–Pass
A Genome-Wide CRISPR/Cas9 Screen Reveals the Requirement of Host Sphingomyelin Synthase 1 for Infection with Pseudorabies Virus Mutant gD–Pass Open
Herpesviruses are large DNA viruses, which encode up to 300 different proteins including enzymes enabling efficient replication. Nevertheless, they depend on a multitude of host cell proteins for successful propagation. To uncover cellular…
View article: Discovering antiviral restriction factors and pathways using genetic screens
Discovering antiviral restriction factors and pathways using genetic screens Open
Viral infections activate the powerful interferon (IFN) response that induces the expression of several hundred IFN stimulated genes (ISGs). The principal role of this extensive response is to create an unfavourable environment for virus r…
View article: Cytomegaloviral determinants of CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cell programming and RhCMV/SIV vaccine efficacy
Cytomegaloviral determinants of CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cell programming and RhCMV/SIV vaccine efficacy Open
Eight RhCMV gene products control induction of unconventionally restricted CD8 + T cells and RhCMV/SIV vaccine efficacy.
View article: Hematopoietic cell-mediated dissemination of murine cytomegalovirus is regulated by NK cells and immune evasion
Hematopoietic cell-mediated dissemination of murine cytomegalovirus is regulated by NK cells and immune evasion Open
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes clinically important diseases in immune compromised and immune immature individuals. Based largely on work in the mouse model of murine (M)CMV, there is a consensus that myeloid cells are important for dissemin…
View article: Cytomegaloviral determinants of CD8<sup>+</sup>T cell programming and RhCMV/SIV vaccine efficacy
Cytomegaloviral determinants of CD8<sup>+</sup>T cell programming and RhCMV/SIV vaccine efficacy Open
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) insert-expressing, 68-1 Rhesus Cytomegalovirus (RhCMV/SIV) vectors elicit major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-E- and -II-restricted, SIV-specific CD8 + T cell responses, but the basis of these unconve…
View article: Human cytomegalovirus evades ZAP detection by suppressing CpG dinucleotides in the major immediate early 1 gene
Human cytomegalovirus evades ZAP detection by suppressing CpG dinucleotides in the major immediate early 1 gene Open
The genomes of RNA and small DNA viruses of vertebrates display significant suppression of CpG dinucleotide frequencies. Artificially increasing dinucleotide frequencies results in substantial attenuation of virus replication, suggesting t…
View article: Intra-genome variability in the dinucleotide composition of SARS-CoV-2
Intra-genome variability in the dinucleotide composition of SARS-CoV-2 Open
CpG dinucleotides are under-represented in the genomes of single-stranded RNA viruses, and SARS-CoV-2 is no exception to this. Artificial modification of CpG frequency is a valid approach for live attenuated vaccine development; if this is…
View article: Identification of interferon-stimulated genes with anti-HCMV activity
Identification of interferon-stimulated genes with anti-HCMV activity Open
As a first line of defence, the interferon-mediated innate immune response is pivotal to protect cells against invading pathogens. At the heart of it are hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) upregulated substantially shortly afte…
View article: Systems Virology and Human Cytomegalovirus: Using High Throughput Approaches to Identify Novel Host-Virus Interactions During Lytic Infection
Systems Virology and Human Cytomegalovirus: Using High Throughput Approaches to Identify Novel Host-Virus Interactions During Lytic Infection Open
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a highly prevalent herpesvirus, persistently infecting between 30 and 100% of the population, depending on socio-economic status (Fields et al., 2013). HCMV remains an important clinical pathogen accounting …
View article: Intra-genome variability in the dinucleotide composition of SARS-CoV-2
Intra-genome variability in the dinucleotide composition of SARS-CoV-2 Open
CpG dinucleotides are under-represented in the genomes of single stranded RNA viruses, and coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, are no exception to this. Artificial modification of CpG frequency is a valid approach for live attenuated vacc…
View article: Human cytomegalovirus evades ZAP detection by suppressing CpG dinucleotides in the major immediate early genes
Human cytomegalovirus evades ZAP detection by suppressing CpG dinucleotides in the major immediate early genes Open
The genomes of RNA and small DNA viruses of vertebrates display significant suppression of CpG dinucleotide frequencies. Artificially increasing dinucleotide frequencies results in substantial attenuation of virus replication, suggesting t…
View article: Asparagine Deprivation Causes a Reversible Inhibition of Human Cytomegalovirus Acute Virus Replication
Asparagine Deprivation Causes a Reversible Inhibition of Human Cytomegalovirus Acute Virus Replication Open
HCMV accounts for more than 60% of complications associated with solid organ transplant patients. Prophylactic or preventative treatment with antivirals, such as ganciclovir, reduces the occurrence of early onset HCMV disease. However, lat…
View article: Asparagine deprivation causes a reversible inhibition of Human Cytomegalovirus acute virus replication
Asparagine deprivation causes a reversible inhibition of Human Cytomegalovirus acute virus replication Open
As obligate intracellular pathogens, viruses rely on the host cell machinery to replicate efficiently, with the host metabolism extensively manipulated for this purpose. High throughput siRNA screens provide a systematic approach for the i…
View article: NK cells force cytomegalovirus to use hematopoietic cells and immune evasion for dissemination after mucosal infection
NK cells force cytomegalovirus to use hematopoietic cells and immune evasion for dissemination after mucosal infection Open
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infects most people in the world and causes clinically important disease in immune compromised and immune immature individuals. How the virus disseminates from the initial site of infection is poorly understood. We us…
View article: Identification of novel host factors influencing human cytomegalovirus replication using a two-step siRNA screen
Identification of novel host factors influencing human cytomegalovirus replication using a two-step siRNA screen Open
As an obligate intracellular parasite, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) completely relies on host machinery to replicate. Understanding which host factors are required for virus replication contributes to our understanding of virus biology and…