Francis B. Stephens
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View article: A high-protein plant-based vs omnivorous diet modulates markers of cardiometabolic health without altering micronutrient status during resistance training
A high-protein plant-based vs omnivorous diet modulates markers of cardiometabolic health without altering micronutrient status during resistance training Open
View article: Anabolic Effects of Salbutamol Are Lost Upon Immobilization
Anabolic Effects of Salbutamol Are Lost Upon Immobilization Open
Background Periods of muscle disuse occur during hospitalization, illness or the recovery from (sports) injury and lead to a rapid loss of muscle mass and the development of insulin resistance. Salbutamol is a fast‐acting β2‐adrenoreceptor…
View article: Targeted metabolomic and nutritional analyses of a variety of protein-rich whole-food sources
Targeted metabolomic and nutritional analyses of a variety of protein-rich whole-food sources Open
Protein-rich whole-food sources may possess, as yet, unidentified non-protein components with anabolic potential. Targeted metabolomics can be applied to investigate candidate small compounds, an analytical approach not yet taken within di…
View article: Pharmacokinetic and Sleep Quality Effects of a Novel Customized-Release Sleep Supplement in Adults With Poor Sleep
Pharmacokinetic and Sleep Quality Effects of a Novel Customized-Release Sleep Supplement in Adults With Poor Sleep Open
View article: Characterization of a Novel Customized-Release Capsule Technology: In Vitro Performance, Pharmacokinetics and Physiological Impact
Characterization of a Novel Customized-Release Capsule Technology: In Vitro Performance, Pharmacokinetics and Physiological Impact Open
View article: Postexercise myofibrillar protein synthesis rates do not differ following 1.5 g essential amino acids compared with 15 and 20 g of whey protein in young females
Postexercise myofibrillar protein synthesis rates do not differ following 1.5 g essential amino acids compared with 15 and 20 g of whey protein in young females Open
This study provides evidence that postexercise myofibrillar protein synthesis rates do not differ following the ingestion of 1.5 g of essential amino acids, 15 and 20 g of whey protein, containing 0.6, 1.5, and 2.0 g of leucine, respective…
View article: High‐protein vegan and omnivorous diets improve peripheral insulin sensitivity to a similar extent in people with type 2 diabetes
High‐protein vegan and omnivorous diets improve peripheral insulin sensitivity to a similar extent in people with type 2 diabetes Open
Background High‐protein diets have been recognized as a potential strategy in the nutritional management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Mycoprotein is a high‐fibre, high‐protein food ingredient previously shown to improve acute glycaemic contro…
View article: Ingestion of ‘whole cell’ or ‘split cell’ Chlorella sp., Arthrospira sp., and milk protein show divergent postprandial plasma amino acid responses with similar postprandial blood glucose control in humans
Ingestion of ‘whole cell’ or ‘split cell’ Chlorella sp., Arthrospira sp., and milk protein show divergent postprandial plasma amino acid responses with similar postprandial blood glucose control in humans Open
Introduction Microalgae provide a sustainable basis for protein-rich food production. However, human data concerning microalgae ingestion, subsequent postprandial amino acid (AA) availability and associated metabolic responses are minimal.…
View article: A Novel Low-Impact Resistance Exercise Program Increases Strength and Balance in Females Irrespective of Menopause Status
A Novel Low-Impact Resistance Exercise Program Increases Strength and Balance in Females Irrespective of Menopause Status Open
Introduction The reduction in sex hormone production across the menopause transition is thought to accelerate age-related decline in muscle mass, strength, and stability, increasing the risk of falls and fractures. We aimed to investigate …
View article: The addition of mycoprotein to a mixed-meal impacts postprandial glucose kinetics without altering blood glucose concentrations: a randomised controlled trial
The addition of mycoprotein to a mixed-meal impacts postprandial glucose kinetics without altering blood glucose concentrations: a randomised controlled trial Open
View article: High-Moisture Extrusion of a Dietary Protein Blend Impairs In Vitro Digestion and Delays In Vivo Postprandial Plasma Amino Acid Availability in Humans
High-Moisture Extrusion of a Dietary Protein Blend Impairs In Vitro Digestion and Delays In Vivo Postprandial Plasma Amino Acid Availability in Humans Open
View article: Reconsidering the pre-eminence of dietary leucine and plasma leucinemia for predicting the stimulation of postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates
Reconsidering the pre-eminence of dietary leucine and plasma leucinemia for predicting the stimulation of postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates Open
The regulation of postprandial muscle protein synthesis (MPS) with or without physical activity has been an intensely studied area within nutrition and physiology. The leucine content of dietary protein and the subsequent plasma leucinemia…
View article: Plant Protein Blend Ingestion Stimulates Postexercise Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Rates Equivalently to Whey in Resistance-Trained Adults
Plant Protein Blend Ingestion Stimulates Postexercise Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Rates Equivalently to Whey in Resistance-Trained Adults Open
Purpose Whey protein ingestion is typically considered an optimal dietary strategy to maximize myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) after resistance exercise. Although single-source plant protein ingestion is typically less effective, at…
View article: A ketone monoester drink reduces postprandial blood glucose concentrations in adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial
A ketone monoester drink reduces postprandial blood glucose concentrations in adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial Open
View article: Bed‐rest and exercise remobilization: Concurrent adaptations in muscle glucose and protein metabolism
Bed‐rest and exercise remobilization: Concurrent adaptations in muscle glucose and protein metabolism Open
Background Bed‐rest (BR) of only a few days duration reduces muscle protein synthesis and induces skeletal muscle atrophy and insulin resistance, but the scale and juxtaposition of these events have not been investigated concurrently in th…
View article: A four-week dietary intervention with mycoprotein-containing food products reduces serum cholesterol concentrations in community-dwelling, overweight adults: A randomised controlled trial
A four-week dietary intervention with mycoprotein-containing food products reduces serum cholesterol concentrations in community-dwelling, overweight adults: A randomised controlled trial Open
View article: The impact of forearm immobilization and acipimox administration on muscle amino acid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in healthy, young volunteers
The impact of forearm immobilization and acipimox administration on muscle amino acid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in healthy, young volunteers Open
We demonstrate that 2 days of forearm cast immobilization in healthy young volunteers leads to the rapid development of insulin resistance, which is accompanied by accelerated muscle amino acid efflux in the absence of impaired muscle amin…
View article: Ingestion of a variety of non-animal-derived dietary protein sources results in diverse postprandial plasma amino acid responses which differ between young and older adults
Ingestion of a variety of non-animal-derived dietary protein sources results in diverse postprandial plasma amino acid responses which differ between young and older adults Open
Whole-body tissue protein turnover is regulated, in part, by the postprandial rise in plasma amino acid concentrations, although minimal data exist on the amino acid response following non-animal-derived protein consumption. We hypothesise…
View article: Nasogastric bolus administration of a protein-rich drink augments insulinaemia and aminoacidaemia but not whole-body protein turnover or muscle protein synthesis versus oral administration
Nasogastric bolus administration of a protein-rich drink augments insulinaemia and aminoacidaemia but not whole-body protein turnover or muscle protein synthesis versus oral administration Open
Nasogastric feeding of protein-rich liquids is a nutritional support therapy that attenuates muscle mass loss. However, whether administration via a nasogastric tube per se augments whole-body or muscle protein anabolism compared with oral…
View article: Maximal sustainable energy intake during transatlantic ocean rowing is insufficient for total energy expenditure and skeletal muscle mass maintenance
Maximal sustainable energy intake during transatlantic ocean rowing is insufficient for total energy expenditure and skeletal muscle mass maintenance Open
Studies of extreme endurance have suggested that there is an alimentary limit to energy intake (EI) of ∼2.5 × resting metabolic rate (RMR). To gain further insight, this study aimed to simultaneously measure EI, total energy expenditure (T…
View article: Inflammation and altered metabolism impede efficacy of functional electrical stimulation in critically ill patients
Inflammation and altered metabolism impede efficacy of functional electrical stimulation in critically ill patients Open
View article: The impact of short-term forearm immobilization and acipimox administration on muscle amino acid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in healthy, young volunteers
The impact of short-term forearm immobilization and acipimox administration on muscle amino acid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in healthy, young volunteers Open
The mechanisms underpinning short-term muscle disuse atrophy remain to be elucidated, but perturbations in lipid metabolism may be involved. Specifically, positive muscle non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) balance has been implicated in the …
View article: Skeletal muscle myostatin mRNA expression is upregulated in aged human adults with excess adiposity but is not associated with insulin resistance and ageing
Skeletal muscle myostatin mRNA expression is upregulated in aged human adults with excess adiposity but is not associated with insulin resistance and ageing Open
Myostatin negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth and appears upregulated in human obesity and associated with insulin resistance. However, observations are confounded by ageing, and the mechanisms responsible are unknown. The aim of t…
View article: Algae Ingestion Increases Resting and Exercised Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Rates to a Similar Extent as Mycoprotein in Young Adults
Algae Ingestion Increases Resting and Exercised Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Rates to a Similar Extent as Mycoprotein in Young Adults Open
View article: Inflammation and altered metabolism impede efficacy of Functional Electrical Stimulation in critically ill patients
Inflammation and altered metabolism impede efficacy of Functional Electrical Stimulation in critically ill patients Open
Background Critically ill patients suffer from acute muscle wasting, which is associated with significant physical functional impairment. We describe data from nested muscle biopsy studies from two trials of functional electrical stimulati…
View article: Reply to <scp>LTE</scp>: Does caffeine truly raise muscle carnitine in humans?
Reply to <span>LTE</span>: Does caffeine truly raise muscle carnitine in humans? Open
This is the final version. Available from Wiley via the DOI in this record.
View article: Ingestion of mycoprotein, pea protein, and their blend support comparable postexercise myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in resistance-trained individuals
Ingestion of mycoprotein, pea protein, and their blend support comparable postexercise myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in resistance-trained individuals Open
This study provides evidence that pea protein (PEA), mycoprotein (MYC), and their blend (BLEND) can support postexercise myofibrillar protein synthesis rates following a bout of whole body resistance exercise. Furthermore, these data sugge…
View article: Association of postprandial postexercise muscle protein synthesis rates with dietary leucine: A systematic review
Association of postprandial postexercise muscle protein synthesis rates with dietary leucine: A systematic review Open
Background Dietary protein ingestion augments post (resistance) exercise muscle protein synthesis (MPS) rates. It is thought that the dose of leucine ingested within the protein (leucine threshold hypothesis) and the subsequent plasma leuc…
View article: Short‐term disuse does not affect postabsorptive or postprandial muscle protein fractional breakdown rates
Short‐term disuse does not affect postabsorptive or postprandial muscle protein fractional breakdown rates Open
Background The decline in postabsorptive and postprandial muscle protein fractional synthesis rates (FSR) does not quantitatively account for muscle atrophy during uncomplicated, short‐term disuse, when atrophy rates are the highest. We so…
View article: Nutritional Considerations for the Vegan Athlete
Nutritional Considerations for the Vegan Athlete Open
Accepting a continued rise in the prevalence of vegan-type diets in the general population is also likely to occur in athletic populations, it is of importance to assess the potential impact on athletic performance, adaptation, and recover…