Explanipedia

Looks can be deceiving: a case of Rho-associated retinitis pigmentosa sine pigmento in a 74-year-old man Open

Kenneth C. Fan, Andrew G. Lee · 2025

The Brown Bear and Hibernating Mammals as a Translational Model for Human Resilience: Insights for Space Medicine, Critical Care, and Austere Environments Open

J. R. Shah, Ryung Lee, Sachin Pathuri, Jason Zheng, Joshua Ong , et al. · 2025

Long-term spaceflight induces multisystem stress, including cardiovascular deconditioning, skeletal muscle atrophy, immune suppression, and neuro-ocular syndromes. Current countermeasures reduce symptoms but cannot replicate the synergisti…

Correction: Accelerated aging in space and the ocular surface Open

Ritu Sampige, Joshua Ong, Ethan Waisberg, John P. Berdahl, Andrew G. Lee · 2025

Why Can't Transformers Learn Multiplication? Reverse-Engineering Reveals Long-Range Dependency Pitfalls Open

Bai Xiao-yan, Itamar Pres, Yuntian Deng, Chenhao Tan, Stuart M. Shieber , et al. · 2025

Language models are increasingly capable, yet still fail at a seemingly simple task of multi-digit multiplication. In this work, we study why, by reverse-engineering a model that successfully learns multiplication via \emph{implicit chain-…

Novel Device for Intraoperative Quantitative Measurements of Extraocular Muscle Tensile Strength Open

Hyun Jin Shin, M.-H. Park, Hyunkyoo Kang, Andrew G. Lee · 2025

Understanding the tensile properties of extraocular muscles (EOMs) is crucial for successful strabismus surgery and accurate predictions of surgical outcomes. Assessments of EOM tensile strength are traditionally highly dependent on the ex…

Tools and methods for cataract recognition in low-resource settings: A narrative review Open

Paulina Truong, Elizabeth A Merlinsky, Nicholas C. Maamari, Christina Y. Weng, Andrew G. Lee · 2025

Cataracts are a leading cause of global blindness, with many low-resource populations having poor access to eye care. While much is known regarding surgical access and outcomes, less is understood about the initial detection of operable ca…

Consensus disease definitions for ophthalmic immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors Open

Eileen Chang, Renee Liu, Kiandokht Keyhanian, Katie Huynh, Meghan Berkenstock , et al. · 2025

Ophthalmic immune-related adverse events (Eye-irAEs) from immune checkpoint inhibitors can cause visual morbidity. The absence of standardized definitions for Eye-irAEs not only impedes the development of evidence-based treatments but also…

Pupil Wizard: an app to enhance knowledge of pupillary abnormalities Open

Øystein Kalsnes Jørstad, Andrew G. Lee · 2025

Imaging the Anterior Segment in Spaceflight: Understanding and Preserving Astronaut Ocular Health for Long-Duration Missions Open

Joshua Ong, Ritu Sampige, Ryung Lee, Hamza Memon, Nicholas Panzo , et al. · 2025

In light of the potential effects of spaceflight on the anterior segment of the eye, there is a pressing need for anterior segment imaging to be available and accessible to monitor astronauts’ ocular health, including alterations to the co…

Management of corneal injuries in spaceflight and recommendations for planetary missions Open

Alex Suh, Joshua Ong, Ethan Waisberg, John P. Berdahl, Andrew G. Lee · 2025

The advancement and utility of multimodal imaging in the diagnosis of degenerative disc disease Open

Eric M. Teichner, Robert C. Subtirelu, Connor R. Crutchfield, Chitra Parikh, Arjun B Ashok , et al. · 2025

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a common spinal condition characterized by the deterioration of intervertebral discs, leading to chronic back pain and reduced mobility. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has long been the standard f…

Oculomics: Current concepts and evidence Open

Zhuoting Zhu, Yueye Wang, Ziyi Qi, Wenyi Hu, Xiayin Zhang , et al. · 2025

The eye provides novel insights into general health, as well as pathogenesis and development of systemic diseases. In the past decade, growing evidence has demonstrated that the eye's structure and function mirror multiple systemic health …

Maxillary sinus inflammation assessment using FDG-PET/CT in head and neck cancer patients with photon, proton, and combined radiation therapy Open

Om H Gandhi, Andrew G. Lee, Jaskeerat Gujral, Miraziz Ismoilov, Shashi B. Singh , et al. · 2025

Our findings demonstrate that photon RT leads to significant increases in maxillary sinus SUVmean as measured by FDG-PET/CT, while proton and mixed photon/proton RT do not show statistically significant changes. These preliminary results s…

XR-Pupillometry: A novel approach to pupillometry for clinical care and beyond Open

Prithul Sarker, Nasif Zaman, Joshua Ong, Ethan Waisberg, Andrew G. Lee , et al. · 2025

Pupillometry is an emerging, noninvasive technique that measures pupil reactivity and provides deeper insights into ophthalmic and neurologic function. Extended reality (XR) technology has also emerged with powerful clinical capabilities i…

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus temporally after COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review of uncontrolled case reports and case series Open

Jawad Muayad, Hamza Masood, Zaryab Alam, Asad Loya, Andrew G. Lee · 2024

Cases of HZO following COVID-19 vaccination generally mirror the clinical trajectory of HZO in general. This review focused on case reports describing HZO occurring in an interval postvaccination; neither association nor causation can be a…

A narrative review of TriNetX in ophthalmology: applications, advantages, and pitfalls Open

Caitlin M. Hackl, Virginia A. Lee, Jennifer K. Dunnigan, A Quintana Loya, Sanjana Jaiswal , et al. · 2024

OpenAI’s Sora in medical education: artificial videos in the classroom of the future Open

Ethan Waisberg, Joshua Ong, Rahul Kumar, Mouayad Masalkhi, Andrew G. Lee · 2024

Correction: Artificial gravity as a potential countermeasure for Spaceflight Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome Open

Ethan Waisberg, Joshua Ong, Mouayad Masalkhi, Kazuhito Shimada, Andrew G. Lee · 2024

Urrets-Zavalia syndrome and secondary acute-angle closure glaucoma induced by implantable collamer lens Open

Sruti Rachapudi, Michael S. Herron, Noor A. Laylani, Pamela Davila-Siliezar, Andrew G. Lee · 2024

Implantable collamer lenses (ICL) have revolutionized the management of high refractive errors, yet they present unique challenges. We present a case of a fixed and dilated atonic pupil following acute-angle closure glaucoma from pupillary…

Cerebral achromatopsia secondary to cerebral amyloid angiopathy Open

Michael Woods, Pamela Davila Siliezar, Noor Laylani, Elliott Friedman, Steve H. Fung , et al. · 2024

Safety protocols, precautions, and countermeasures aboard the International Space Station to prevent ocular injury Open

Alex Suh, Sarah Ditelberg, J Szeto, Divy Kumar, Joshua Ong , et al. · 2024

The International Space Station (ISS) is a $100 billion epicenter of human activity in the vacuum of space that displays mankind's collective endeavor to explore the cosmic frontier. Even within the marvels of technological sophistication …

The Ocular Surface–Gut Axis in Spaceflight: Implications of Intestinal Changes in Microgravity on Tear Film Physiology Open

Ritu Sampige, Joshua Ong, Ethan Waisberg, John P. Berdahl, Andrew G. Lee · 2024

With increasing space exploration, there is a rising need to evaluate the impact of spaceflight on astronauts’ health, including the effects of space-associated hazards such as microgravity. Astronauts’ reports of experienced symptoms upon…

Quantum biology in ophthalmology Open

Ethan Waisberg, Joshua Ong, Mouayad Masalkhi, Andrew G. Lee · 2024

Reversible Nyctalopia and Bilateral Optic Neuropathy due to Combined Vitamin A, Zinc, and Copper Deficiency: A Case Report Open

Anshul Bhatnagar, Noor Laylani, Pamela Davila-Siliezar, Hilary A. Beaver, Andrew G. Lee · 2024

Introduction: Combined nutritional deficiency is an uncommon cause of vision loss in the USA. Notably, vitamin A deficiency can produce nyctalopia but rarely causes bilateral central vision loss. The combination of these symptoms is unusua…

Apple Vision Pro’s new technology as a head-mounted perimetry device for glaucoma and other potential applications Open

Mouayad Masalkhi, Joshua Ong, Ethan Waisberg, Edward Dervan, Andrew G. Lee · 2024

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and poses a significant public health challenge. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common form of glaucoma and is marked by progressive optic nerve damage and per…

Quantum machine learning in ophthalmology Open

Mouayad Masalkhi, Joshua Ong, Ethan Waisberg, Andrew G. Lee · 2024

Neuro-ophthalmology: recent advances and paradigm shifts Open

Susan P. Mollan, Andrew G. Lee, Clare L. Fraser · 2024

Artificial gravity as a potential countermeasure for Spaceflight Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome Open

Ethan Waisberg, Joshua Ong, Mouayad Masalkhi, Kazuhito Shimada, Andrew G. Lee · 2024

Oculomics analysis in multiple sclerosis: Current ophthalmic clinical and imaging biomarkers Open

Alex Suh, Gilad Hampel, Aditya Vinjamuri, Joshua Ong, Sharif Amit Kamran , et al. · 2024

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage. Early recognition and treatment are important for preventing or mini…

Google search spike of “My Eyes Hurt” in United States after solar eclipse: an analysis and future prevention Open

Ethan Waisberg, Joshua Ong, Andrew G. Lee · 2024

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