Gerard J.M. Smit
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View article: Influence of co-depositor materials and modification of substrate on the formation of dendrites on the anode of a zinc-based secondary battery
Influence of co-depositor materials and modification of substrate on the formation of dendrites on the anode of a zinc-based secondary battery Open
Dendrite formation poses serious problems in the operation of zinc-based batteries. Electrode material and electrolyte composition are known to have an influence on the dendrite formation. In this paper possible solutions for the reduction…
View article: Improving the Degree of Autarky of a 16 House Neighbourhood in the Netherlands - A case study
Improving the Degree of Autarky of a 16 House Neighbourhood in the Netherlands - A case study Open
In this work we investigate the possibility to operate an existing neighbourhood in the Netherlands in a "soft-islanded" (near autarkic) way. For this, a multi-energy system, including optimal control, is modelled using PV panels, a combin…
View article: The Role of Off-Grid Houses in the Energy Transition with a Case Study in the Netherlands
The Role of Off-Grid Houses in the Energy Transition with a Case Study in the Netherlands Open
Off-grid houses can be considered an important concept to increase the access to electricity throughout the world. Although there are quite some initiatives in place to improve the access to electricity, the implementation rate of practica…
View article: Characteristics of halide oxidation at graphite electrode for use in halide batteries
Characteristics of halide oxidation at graphite electrode for use in halide batteries Open
The oxidation of halides, in particular bromide, has been studied in aqueous solutions on graphite electrodes by voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and UV–Vis spectroscopy in light of its application in halide/haloge…
View article: Simulation of sizing of energy storage for off-grid decentralized wastewater treatment units: A case study in the Netherlands
Simulation of sizing of energy storage for off-grid decentralized wastewater treatment units: A case study in the Netherlands Open
Constant energy supply for decentralized wastewater treatment plants (DWWTPs) is crucial in order to ensure its functionality and prevent contamination of rivers and human illnesses due to pollution. However, power blackouts are a common p…
View article: Implementation and Verification of a Realistic Battery Model in the DEMKit Simulation Software
Implementation and Verification of a Realistic Battery Model in the DEMKit Simulation Software Open
In this work we consider the implementation of the DiBu-model, a realistic model for battery State of Charge prediction, in DEMKit, a smart grid energy management toolkit. The implementation is discussed in detail and the differences betwe…
View article: A Heuristic Approach to Control the Ecovat System
A Heuristic Approach to Control the Ecovat System Open
The Ecovat system is a seasonal thermal storage technology developed to supply the heat demand of a neighbourhood of houses throughout the entire year. It consists of a large subterranean water tank which is divided into a number of virtua…
View article: Characterization of Storage Sizing for an Off-Grid House in the US and the Netherlands
Characterization of Storage Sizing for an Off-Grid House in the US and the Netherlands Open
This work uses experimental data to estimate the size of storage needed for an isolated off-grid household in two different regions (Austin, Texas, US, and Nunspeet, NL). In our study, an off-grid house is considered to be supplied with 10…
View article: Improving an Integer Linear Programming Model of an Ecovat Buffer by Adding Long-Term Planning
Improving an Integer Linear Programming Model of an Ecovat Buffer by Adding Long-Term Planning Open
The Ecovat is a seasonal thermal storage solution consisting of a large underground water tank divided into a number of virtual segments that can be individually charged and discharged. The goal of the Ecovat is to supply heat demand to a …
View article: Charging electric vehicles, baking pizzas, and melting a fuse in Lochem
Charging electric vehicles, baking pizzas, and melting a fuse in Lochem Open
To evaluate the impact of the energy transition on distribution grids, a year 2025 scenario stress test was conducted in a real Dutch distribution grid. For this, the authors confronted the local low-voltage grid of a village with 20 elect…
View article: On integrating device level schedules into market based control
On integrating device level schedules into market based control Open
To deal with challenges introduced by the adaption of distributed energy resources, Demand Side Management methodologies are being developed to ensure the availability and reliability of our electricity supply in the future. The Power-Matc…
View article: Planning based real-time control using DEMKit
Planning based real-time control using DEMKit Open
There is a trend towards local energy markets in order to integrate renewable energy sources and controllable devices into the energy system. As a result the market size is getting smaller and making an accurate day-ahead planning as base …
View article: QUEST: Eliminating Online Supervised Learning for Efficient Classification Algorithms
QUEST: Eliminating Online Supervised Learning for Efficient Classification Algorithms Open
In this work, we introduce QUEST (QUantile Estimation after Supervised Training), an adaptive classification algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) that eliminates the necessity for online supervised learning. Online processing is i…
View article: An Integer Linear Programming Model for an Ecovat Buffer
An Integer Linear Programming Model for an Ecovat Buffer Open
An increase in the number of volatile renewables in the electricity grid enhances the imbalance of supply and demand. One promising candidate to solve this problem is to improve the energy storage. The Ecovat system is a new seasonal therm…
View article: Scheduling of Electricity Storage for Peak Shaving with Minimal Device Wear
Scheduling of Electricity Storage for Peak Shaving with Minimal Device Wear Open
In this work, we investigate scheduling problems for electrical energy storage systems and formulate an algorithm that finds an optimal solution with minimal charging cycles in the case of a single device. For the considered problems, the …
View article: Generation of flexible domestic load profiles to evaluate Demand Side Management approaches
Generation of flexible domestic load profiles to evaluate Demand Side Management approaches Open
Various Demand Side Management (DSM) approaches have been developed the last couple of years to avoid costly grid upgrades. However, evaluation of these DSM methodologies is usually restricted to a use-case specific example, making compari…
View article: A Predictive Model for Smart Control of a Domestic Heat Pump and Thermal Storage
A Predictive Model for Smart Control of a Domestic Heat Pump and Thermal Storage Open
The purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a predictive model of a thermal storage which is charged by a heat pump and used for domestic hot water supply. The model is used for smart grid control purposes and requires measurement…
View article: Asymmetric Shaped-Pattern Synthesis for Planar Antenna Arrays
Asymmetric Shaped-Pattern Synthesis for Planar Antenna Arrays Open
A procedure to synthesize asymmetrically shaped beam patterns is developed for planar antenna arrays. As it is based on the quasi-analytical method of collapsed distributions, the main advantage of this procedure is the ability to realize …
View article: Linear programming control of a group of heat pumps
Linear programming control of a group of heat pumps Open
For the new Meppel district Nieuwveense landen a hybrid energy concept is developed based on biogas cogeneration. The generated electricity is used to power domestic heat pumps which supply thermal energy for domestic hot water and space h…
View article: Impact of peak electricity demand in distribution grids: A stress test
Impact of peak electricity demand in distribution grids: A stress test Open
The number of (hybrid) electric vehicles is growing, leading to a higher demand for electricity in distribution grids. To investigate the effects of the expected peak demand on distribution grids, a stress test with 15 electric vehicles in…
View article: Demand side management using profile steering
Demand side management using profile steering Open
Many Demand Side Management (DSM) approaches use energy prices as steering signals. This paper shows that such steering signals may result in power quality problems and high losses. As an alternative, this paper proposes to use desired (e.…
View article: Upscaling a district heating system based on biogas cogeneration and heat pumps
Upscaling a district heating system based on biogas cogeneration and heat pumps Open
The energy supply of the Meppel district Nieuwveense landen is based on biogas cogeneration, district heating, and ground source heat pumps. A centrally located combined heat and power engine (CHP) converts biogas from the municipal wastew…
View article: Central Model Predictive Control of a Group of Domestic Heat Pumps - Case Study for a Small District
Central Model Predictive Control of a Group of Domestic Heat Pumps - Case Study for a Small District Open
In this paper we investigate optimal control of a group of heat pumps. Each heat pump provides space heating and domestic hot water to a single household. Besides a heat pump, each house has a buffer for domestic hot water and a floor heat…