Gary E. Ward
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View article: Single-cell analysis of brain-derived <i>Toxoplasma</i> bradyzoites reveals a novel cell cycle regulated by AP2XI-6
Single-cell analysis of brain-derived <i>Toxoplasma</i> bradyzoites reveals a novel cell cycle regulated by AP2XI-6 Open
Toxoplasma gondii prevalence is due, in part, to its ability to persist in hosts while retaining the capacity to transmit and recrudesce. A process that is poorly understood. Through single-cell RNA profiling of in vivo-derived bradyzoites…
View article: Clustering of host N-glycans licenses <i>Toxoplasma</i> rhoptry discharge
Clustering of host N-glycans licenses <i>Toxoplasma</i> rhoptry discharge Open
Apicomplexan parasites must discharge the contents of specialized organelles called rhoptries into host cells to initiate the process of invasion. This process requires the prior recognition and binding of the host cell by proteins release…
View article: The invasion pore induced by Toxoplasma gondii
The invasion pore induced by Toxoplasma gondii Open
The parasite Toxoplasma gondii invades its host cell only after secreting proteins such as invasion-requisite RON2 that inserts into the host cell membrane to establish the moving junction. Electrophysiological recordings at sub-200 µs res…
View article: Perforation of the host cell plasma membrane during Toxoplasma invasion requires rhoptry exocytosis
Perforation of the host cell plasma membrane during Toxoplasma invasion requires rhoptry exocytosis Open
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite. Proteins released during host cell invasion from apical secretory organelles known as rhoptries are delivered into the host cell cytosol to perform functions critical for parasite su…
View article: Motility-dependent processes in <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> tachyzoites and bradyzoites: same same but different
Motility-dependent processes in <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> tachyzoites and bradyzoites: same same but different Open
During infection, Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites must be able to move in order to migrate through tissues, cross biological barriers, and penetrate into and egress from cells they infect. Bradyzoite-stage parasites, which establish infectio…
View article: The invasion pore induced by<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>
The invasion pore induced by<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Open
Obligate intracellular parasites invade host cells to survive. Following host cell contact, the apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii injects proteins required for invasion into the host cell. Here, electrophysiological recordings of host cells a…
View article: Perforation of the host cell plasma membrane during<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>invasion requires rhoptry exocytosis
Perforation of the host cell plasma membrane during<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>invasion requires rhoptry exocytosis Open
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite, and the delivery of effector proteins from the parasite into the host cell during invasion is critical for invasion itself and for parasite virulence. The effector proteins are relea…
View article: Motility-dependent processes in<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>tachyzoites and bradyzoites: same same but different
Motility-dependent processes in<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>tachyzoites and bradyzoites: same same but different Open
The tachyzoite stage of the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii utilizes motility for multiple purposes during its lytic cycle, including host cell invasion, egress from infected cells, and migration to new uninfected host cells to rep…
View article: Alveolin proteins in the Toxoplasma inner membrane complex form a highly interconnected structure that maintains parasite shape and replication
Alveolin proteins in the Toxoplasma inner membrane complex form a highly interconnected structure that maintains parasite shape and replication Open
Apicomplexan parasites possess several specialized structures to invade their host cells and replicate successfully. One of these is the inner membrane complex (IMC), a peripheral membrane-cytoskeletal system underneath the plasma membrane…
View article: CDPK2A and CDPK1 form a signaling module upstream of <i>Toxoplasma</i> motility
CDPK2A and CDPK1 form a signaling module upstream of <i>Toxoplasma</i> motility Open
In apicomplexan parasites, the transition between replication and dissemination is regulated by fluctuations in cytosolic calcium concentrations, transduced in part by calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs). We examined the role of CDPK…
View article: The<i>Toxoplasma</i>subpellicular network is highly interconnected and defines parasite shape for efficient motility and replication
The<i>Toxoplasma</i>subpellicular network is highly interconnected and defines parasite shape for efficient motility and replication Open
Apicomplexan parasites possess several specialized structures to invade their host cells and replicate successfully. One of these is the inner membrane complex (IMC), a peripheral membrane-cytoskeletal system underneath the plasma membrane…
View article: MyosinA is a druggable target in the widespread protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii
MyosinA is a druggable target in the widespread protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii Open
Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread apicomplexan parasite that can cause severe disease in its human hosts. The ability of T . gondii and other apicomplexan parasites to invade into, egress from, and move between cells of the hosts they infe…
View article: A circular zone of attachment to the extracellular matrix provides directionality to the motility of Toxoplasma gondii in 3D
A circular zone of attachment to the extracellular matrix provides directionality to the motility of Toxoplasma gondii in 3D Open
Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects 30–40% of the world’s population. Infections are typically subclinical but can be severe and, in some cases, life threatening. Central to the virulence of T. gondii is an unusual form …
View article: The class XIV myosin of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> , TgMyoA, is druggable in an animal model of infection
The class XIV myosin of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> , TgMyoA, is druggable in an animal model of infection Open
Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread apicomplexan parasite that can cause severe disease in its human hosts. The ability of T. gondii and other apicomplexan parasites to invade into, egress from, and move between cells of the hosts they infec…
View article: CDPK2A and CDPK1 form a signaling module upstream of<i>Toxoplasma</i>motility
CDPK2A and CDPK1 form a signaling module upstream of<i>Toxoplasma</i>motility Open
The transition between parasite replication and dissemination is regulated in apicomplexan parasites by fluctuations in cytosolic calcium concentrations, effectuated by calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs). We examined the role of CDP…
View article: A circular zone of attachment to the extracellular matrix provides directionality to the motility of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> in 3D
A circular zone of attachment to the extracellular matrix provides directionality to the motility of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> in 3D Open
Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects 30-40% of the world’s population. Infections are typically subclinical but can be severe and, in some cases, life threatening. Central to the virulence of T. gondii is an unusual form …
View article: The potent <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> growth inhibitor QQ-437 does not bind to its predicted target, parasite adaptin3<i>β</i>, in yeast three-hybrid assays
The potent <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> growth inhibitor QQ-437 does not bind to its predicted target, parasite adaptin3<i>β</i>, in yeast three-hybrid assays Open
New drugs are needed to treat infections with Toxoplasma gondii , a ubiquitous protozoan parasite that can cause miscarriage, blindness, and life-threatening encephalitis in its human hosts. A novel N-benzoyl-2-hydroxybenzamide named QQ-43…
View article: A Novel Pipeline for Cell Instance Segmentation, Tracking and Motility Classification of Toxoplasma Gondii in 3D Space
A Novel Pipeline for Cell Instance Segmentation, Tracking and Motility Classification of Toxoplasma Gondii in 3D Space Open
Toxoplasma gondii is the parasitic protozoan that causes disseminated toxoplasmosis, a disease that is estimated to infect around one-third of the world's population. While the disease is commonly asymptomatic, the success of the parasite …
View article: Blocking Palmitoylation of Toxoplasma gondii Myosin Light Chain 1 Disrupts Glideosome Composition but Has Little Impact on Parasite Motility
Blocking Palmitoylation of Toxoplasma gondii Myosin Light Chain 1 Disrupts Glideosome Composition but Has Little Impact on Parasite Motility Open
Gliding motility plays a central role in the life cycle of T. gondii and other apicomplexan parasites. The myosin motor thought to power motility is essential for virulence but distinctly different from the myosins found in humans.
View article: Identification of the membrane receptor of a class XIV myosin in Toxoplasma gondii
Identification of the membrane receptor of a class XIV myosin in Toxoplasma gondii Open
Apicomplexan parasites exhibit a unique form of substrate-dependent motility, gliding motility, which is essential during their invasion of host cells and during their spread between host cells. This process is dependent on actin filaments…
View article: Blocking palmitoylation of<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>myosin light chain 1 disrupts glideosome composition but has little impact on parasite motility
Blocking palmitoylation of<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>myosin light chain 1 disrupts glideosome composition but has little impact on parasite motility Open
Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread apicomplexan parasite that causes severe disease in immunocompromised individuals and the developing fetus. Like other apicomplexans, T. gondii uses an unusual form of gliding motility to invade cells of i…
View article: Differential requirements for cyclase-associated protein (CAP) in actin-dependent processes of Toxoplasma gondii
Differential requirements for cyclase-associated protein (CAP) in actin-dependent processes of Toxoplasma gondii Open
Toxoplasma gondii contains a limited subset of actin binding proteins. Here we show that the putative actin regulator cyclase-associated protein (CAP) is present in two different isoforms and its deletion leads to significant defects in so…
View article: Lightweight and Scalable Particle Tracking and Motion Clustering of 3D Cell Trajectories
Lightweight and Scalable Particle Tracking and Motion Clustering of 3D Cell Trajectories Open
Tracking cell particles in 3D microscopy videos is a challenging task but is of great significance for modeling the motion of cells. Proper characterization of the cell's shape, evolution, and their movement over time is crucial to underst…