Explanipedia

Association study between the neurexin‐1 gene and tardive dyskinesia Open

Rachel Lanning, Tristram A. Lett, Arun K. Tiwari, Eva J. Brandl, Vincenzo De Luca , et al. · 2025

OBJECTIVE: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a motor side effect that may develop after long-term antipsychotic treatment. Schizophrenia has recently been associated with the Neurexin-1 (NRXN1) gene that codes for a cell adhesion molecule in syna…

The fecal microbiota transplantation from drug-naïve schizophrenia patients distinctively changes gut microbiome and metabolic profiles in male and female mice Open

Raghunath Singh, Sandra Pereira, Kristoffer Panganiban, Laurie Hamel, David C. Wright , et al. · 2025

Background Emerging evidence suggests a role for the gut microbiome in schizophrenia (SCZ) and antipsychotic-induced metabolic perturbations. Using human fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in mice, this study investigated the role of g…

The effect of weight loss on brain age in schizophrenia spectrum disorders Open

Vittal Korann, Nicolette Stogios, Karen S. Ambrosen, Gary Remington, Ariel Graff-Guerrero , et al. · 2025

Individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) suffer from metabolic conditions including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Moreover, they are at a high risk for cardiovascular disease and this could lead to a shortened life exp…

Weight loss leading to reduction in clozapine levels and symptomatic worsening Open

Ashok Kumar, Shuchang Song, Margaret Hahn, R. Zipursky, Gary Remington , et al. · 2025

240. SALIVA VERSUS PLASMA THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING OF CLOZAPINE AND NORCLOZAPINE Open

Jimmy Lee, Jie Yin Yee, Yuen Mei See, Christina Tang, Boon Tat Ng , et al. · 2025

Background Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of clozapine is presently done via a blood sample collection. However, it is challenging to obtain a sample within the appropriate 12 hours post dose time window. Consequently, this impacts clin…

ELEVATED INTRINSIC CORTICAL CURVATURE IN TREATMENT-RESISTANT SCHIZOPHRENIA: STRUCTURAL DEFORMATION OF FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY AREAS Open

Edgardo Torres‐Carmona, Fumihiko Ueno, Yusuke Iwata, Shinichiro Nakajima, Jianmeng Song , et al. · 2025

Background Growing research shows abnormal brain structure and connectivity in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) compared to first-line-responders (TxR) and healthy-controls (HC). While differences are documented as ear…

DATA-DRIVEN DISEASE PROGRESSION PATTERNS OF BRAIN MORPHOLOGY IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: MORE PROGRESSED STAGES IN TREATMENT- RESISTANCE Open

Daichi Sone, Alexandra L. Young, Shunichiro Shinagawa, Sakiko Tsugawa, Yusuke Iwata , et al. · 2025

Background Given the heterogeneity, particularly in terms of treatment response, and possible disease progression in schizophrenia, identifying the neurobiological subtypes and progression patterns in each patient may lead to novel biomark…

Impaired insight in schizophrenia is associated with higher frontoparietal cerebral blood flow: an arterial spin labeling study Open

Jianmeng Song, Edgardo Carmona-Torres, Yasaman Kambari, Sofia Chavez, Fumihiko Ueno , et al. · 2025

Impaired insight into illness occurs in up to 98% of patients with schizophrenia, depending on the stage of illness, and leads to negative clinical outcomes. Previous neuroimaging studies suggest that impaired insight in patients with schi…

Treatment resistance in schizophrenia and depression as an interactive kind: Mapping the development of a classification through Meta-Narrative review Open

Leighton Schreyer, Csilla Kalocsai, Oshan Fernando, Melanie Anderson, Vanessa Lockwood , et al. · 2024

Despite ongoing attempts to delineate and name treatment resistance (TR) in psychiatry, the term is increasingly deployed across diagnostic categories. Still, what it is that constitutes TR remains unclear and in flux. Through a meta-narra…

Evenamide: A Potential Pharmacotherapeutic Alternative for Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia Open

Raghunath Singh, Margaret Hahn, Yashika Bansal, Sri Mahavir Agarwal, Gary Remington · 2024

Disease Progression Patterns of Brain Morphology in Schizophrenia: More Progressed Stages in Treatment Resistance Open

Daichi Sone, Alexandra L. Young, Shunichiro Shinagawa, Sakiko Tsugawa, Yusuke Iwata , et al. · 2023

Background and Hypothesis Given the heterogeneity and possible disease progression in schizophrenia, identifying the neurobiological subtypes and progression patterns in each patient may lead to novel biomarkers. Here, we adopted data-driv…

Characterization and prediction of individual functional outcome trajectories in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (PREDICTS study): Study protocol Open

Sri Mahavir Agarwal, Joel Dissanayake, Ofer Agid, Christopher R. Bowie, Noah Brierley , et al. · 2023

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) are associated with significant functional impairments, disability, and low rates of personal recovery, along with tremendous economic costs linked primarily to lost productivity and premature mortal…

Outcomes and clinical implications of intranasal insulin on cognition in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis Open

Sally Wu, Nicolette Stogios, Margaret Hahn, Janani Navagnanavel, Zahra Emami , et al. · 2023

Background Aberrant brain insulin signaling has been posited to lie at the crossroads of several metabolic and cognitive disorders. Intranasal insulin (INI) is a non-invasive approach that allows investigation and modulation of insulin sig…

Cortical thinning in relation to impaired insight into illness in patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia Open

Julia Kim, Jianmeng Song, Yasaman Kambari, Eric Plitman, Parita Shah , et al. · 2023

Impaired insight into illness is a common element of schizophrenia that contributes to treatment nonadherence and negative clinical outcomes. Previous studies suggest that impaired insight may arise from brain abnormalities. However, inter…

Metabolomic signatures associated with weight gain and psychosis spectrum diagnoses: A pilot study Open

Jiwon Lee, Kenya A. Costa-Dookhan, Kristoffer Panganiban, Nicole E. MacKenzie, Quinn Casuccio Treen , et al. · 2023

Psychosis spectrum disorders (PSDs), as well as other severe mental illnesses where psychotic features may be present, like bipolar disorder, are associated with intrinsic metabolic abnormalities. Antipsychotics (APs), the cornerstone of t…

Clozapine Optimization: A Delphi Consensus Guideline From the Treatment Response and Resistance in Psychosis Working Group Open

Elias Wagner, Dan Siskind, Peter Falkai, Oliver Howes, Christoph U. Correll , et al. · 2023

Background and Hypothesis There is limited evidence to guide the approaches to clozapine treatment. Accordingly, an international initiative was undertaken with the aim of developing consensus recommendations for the optimization of clozap…

Disease progression patterns of brain morphology in schizophrenia: More progressed stages in treatment-resistance Open

Shinichiro Nakajima, Daichi Sone, Alexandra L. Young, Shunichiro Shinagawa, Sakiko Tsugawa , et al. · 2023

Given the heterogeneity and possible disease progression in schizophrenia, identifying the neurobiological subtypes and progression patterns in each patient may lead to the development of clinically useful biomarkers. In this cross-section…

Semaglutide for the treatment of antipsychotic-associated weight gain in patients not responding to metformin – a case series Open

Femin Prasad, Riddhita De, Vittal Korann, Araba Chintoh, Gary Remington , et al. · 2023

Metformin is the currently accepted first-line treatment for antipsychotic-associated weight gain (AAWG). However, not all patients benefit from metformin. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) have shown promise in the manag…

Investigating the effects of antipsychotics on brain insulin action: Study protocol for a multi-modality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study in healthy controls Open

Nicolette Stogios, Laurie Hamel, Emily R. Smith, Marcos Sanches, Gary Remington , et al. · 2022

Antipsychotics (APs) are the cornerstone of treatment for schizophrenia (SCZ) but are unfortunately associated with serious metabolic adverse effects including weight gain and type 2 diabetes. The pathophysiology of AP-induced metabolic dy…

Behavioural phenotypes of intrinsic motivation in schizophrenia determined by cluster analysis of objectively quantified real-world performance Open

Ishraq Siddiqui, Gary Remington, Sarah Saperia, Susana Da Silva, Paul Fletcher , et al. · 2022

Intrinsic motivation deficits are a prominent feature of schizophrenia that substantially impacts functional outcome. This study used cluster analysis of innate real-world behaviours captured during two open-field tasks to dimensionally ex…

Pharmacological interventions for prevention of weight gain in people with schizophrenia Open

Sri Mahavir Agarwal, Nicolette Stogios, Zohra Ahsan, Jonathan Lockwood, Markus J. Duncan , et al. · 2022

There is low-certainty evidence to suggest that metformin may be effective in preventing weight gain. Interpretation of this result and those for other agents, is limited by the small number of studies, small sample size, and short study d…

Decreased cortical gyrification and surface area in the left medial parietal cortex in patients with <span>treatment‐resistant</span> and <span>ultratreatment‐resistant</span> schizophrenia Open

Kazutoshi Kitajima, Shunsuke Tamura, Daiki Sasabayashi, Shinichiro Nakajima, Yusuke Iwata , et al. · 2022

Aim Validating the vulnerabilities and pathologies underlying treatment‐resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is an important challenge in optimizing treatment. Gyrification and surface area (SA), reflecting neurodevelopmental features, have been …

Investigating repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cannabis use and cognition in people with schizophrenia Open

Karolina Kozak Bidzinski, Darby J. E. Lowe, Marcos Sanches, Maryam Sorkhou, Isabelle Boileau , et al. · 2022

Cannabis use disorder (CUD) occurs at high rates in schizophrenia, which negatively impacts its clinical prognosis. These patients have greater difficulty quitting cannabis which may reflect putative deficits in the dorsolateral prefrontal…

Gut microbiome in schizophrenia and antipsychotic-induced metabolic alterations: a scoping review Open

Raghunath Singh, Nicolette Stogios, Emily R. Smith, Jiwon Lee, Kateryna Maksyutynsk , et al. · 2022

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe mental disorder with high morbidity and lifetime disability rates. Patients with SCZ have a higher risk of developing metabolic comorbidities such as obesity and diabetes mellitus, leading to increased morta…

Real-World Utilization Patterns of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics in Canada: A Retrospective Study Open

Ofer Agid, Gary Remington, Carmen Fung, Natalie Nightingale, Marc Duclos , et al. · 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the real-world prevalence of long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic use and determine when LAIs are being used in sequencing of antipsychotic medications among Canadian patients wit…

Trait Anhedonia in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Comparative Meta-analysis Open

Daniel Krzyzanowski, Sally Wu, Michael Carnovale, Sri Mahavir Agarwal, Gary Remington , et al. · 2021

Anhedonia, the reduced capacity to experience pleasure, has long been considered a prominent feature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Many domain-specific conceptualizations of anhedonia and pleasure capacity have been developed, and t…

Metabolic adverse effects of off-label use of second-generation antipsychotics in the adult population: a systematic review and meta-analysis Open

Nicolette Stogios, Emily R. Smith, Sylvie Bowden, Veronica Tran, Roshanak Asgariroozbehani , et al. · 2021

Cognitive discrepancies, motivation and subjective well-being in people with schizophrenia Open

Daniel Krzyzanowski, Ofer Agid, Vina M. Goghari, Gary Remington · 2021

Research indicates that people with schizophrenia often achieve similar levels of subjective well-being (SWB) compared to healthy controls despite prominent symptomatology and significant functional difficulties. Furthermore, compared to h…

Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in schizophrenia: impact on cognitive and metabolic health Open

Nicolette Stogios, Alexander Gdanski, Philip Gerretsen, Araba Chintoh, Ariel Graff‐Guerrero , et al. · 2021

Metformin for early comorbid glucose dysregulation and schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a pilot double-blind randomized clinical trial Open

Sri Mahavir Agarwal, Roshni Panda, Kenya A. Costa-Dookhan, Nicole E. MacKenzie, Quinn Casuccio Treen , et al. · 2021

Patients with schizophrenia have exceedingly high rates of metabolic comorbidity including type 2 diabetes and lose 15–20 years of life due to cardiovascular diseases, with early accrual of cardiometabolic disease. In this study, thirty ov…

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