Explanipedia

DeepCMS: A Feature Selection-Driven Model for Cancer Molecular Subtyping with a Case Study on Testicular Germ Cell Tumors Open

Mehwish Wahid Khan, Ghufran Ahmed, Muhammad Shahzad, Abdallah Namoun, Shahid Hussain , et al. · 2025

Background/Objectives: Cancer is a chronic and heterogeneous disease, possessing molecular variation within a single type, resulting in its molecular subtypes. Cancer molecular subtyping offers biological insights into cancer variability, …

Towards Decentralized IoT Security: Optimized Detection of Zero-Day Multi-Class Cyber-Attacks Using Deep Federated Learning Open

Misbah Anwer, Ghufran Ahmed, Maha Abdelhaq, Raed Alsaqour, S. Faizal Mukthar Hussain , et al. · 2025

Generative AI: a double-edged sword in the cyber threat landscape Open

Werisha Ibrar, Danish Mahmood, Ahmad Sami Al‐Shamayleh, Ghufran Ahmed, Salman Ben Zayed , et al. · 2025

Generative AI’s swift progress advances onto profound cybersecurity dilemmas. Its usage by malevolent entities to automate intricate malware creation poses a significant threat, circumventing conventional defensive measures. This paradigm …

Latency-Sensitive Function Placement among Heterogeneous Nodes in Serverless Computing Open

Urooba Shahid, Ghufran Ahmed, Shahbaz Siddiqui, Junaid Shuja, Abdullateef Oluwagbemiga Balogun · 2024

Function as a Service (FaaS) is highly beneficial to smart city infrastructure due to its flexibility, efficiency, and adaptability, specifically for integration in the digital landscape. FaaS has serverless setup, which means that an orga…

Empowering IoT Resilience: Hybrid Deep Learning Techniques for Enhanced Security Open

Muhammad Maaz, Ghufran Ahmed, Ahmad Sami Al‐Shamayleh, Adnan Akhunzada, Shahbaz Siddiqui , et al. · 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) has dramatically changed human context with the environment, ensuring productivity, comfort, and quality of life through a variety of services and applications. Nevertheless, the rapid growth of IoT devices has…

Independence of Judiciary in Malaysia and Pakistan: The Way Forward Open

Usman Quddus, Ghufran Ahmed, Zeeshan Ashraf · 2023

The provisions relating to the independence of the judiciary in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and Malaysia are deficient and require reforms for securing the independence of the judiciary fully and more meaningfully. The purpose is to i…

Universal Geographic Information System Productivity beneath optimum Underwater Sensor Networks Routing Open

Israa Adil Hayder, Rizwana Yasmeen, Usman Ali, Saleha Kayani, Sajawal ur Rehman Khan , et al. · 2023

Study Framework : The system of geographical information (GIS) is a computerized method for collecting, storing, disseminating, querying, updating, processing and analyzing geographic data. (GIS) enables the collection of diverse spatial d…

Investigating Novice Developers’ Code Commenting Trends Using Machine Learning Techniques Open

Tahira Niazi, Teerath Das, Ghufran Ahmed, Syed Muhammad Waqas, Sumra Khan , et al. · 2023

Code comments are considered an efficient way to document the functionality of a particular block of code. Code commenting is a common practice among developers to explain the purpose of the code in order to improve code comprehension and …

A Novel Markov Model-Based Traffic Density Estimation Technique for Intelligent Transportation System Open

Hira Beenish, Tariq Javid, Muhammad Fahad, Adnan Ahmed Siddiqui, Ghufran Ahmed , et al. · 2023

An intelligent transportation system (ITS) aims to improve traffic efficiency by integrating innovative sensing, control, and communications technologies. The industrial Internet of things (IIoT) and Industrial Revolution 4.0 recently merg…

Criminal Behavior Identification Using Social Media Forensics Open

Noorulain Ashraf, Danish Mahmood, Muath Obaidat, Ghufran Ahmed, Adnan Akhunzada · 2022

Human needs consist of five levels, which are: physiological needs, safety needs, love needs, esteem needs and self-actualization. All these needs lead to human behavior. If the environment of a person is positive, healthy behavior is deve…

Contemporary Study on Deep Neural Networks to Diagnose COVID-19 Using Digital Posteroanterior X-ray Images Open

Saad Akbar, Humera Tariq, Muhammad Fahad, Ghufran Ahmed, Hassan Jamil Syed · 2022

COVID-19 is a transferable disease inherited from the SARS-CoV-2 virus. A total of 594 million people have been infected, and 6.4 million human beings have died due to COVID-19. The fastest way to diagnose the disease is by radiography. De…

Complex Network Analysis of Mass Violation, Specifically Mass Killing Open

Iqra Erum, Rauf Ahmed Shams Malick, Ghufran Ahmed, Hocine Cherifi · 2022

News reports in media contain news about society’s social and political conditions. With the help of publicly available digital datasets of events, it is possible to study a complex network of mass violations, i.e., Mass Killings. Multiple…

Ibne Battuta: His Experiences as a Judge/Qadi in Medieval India Open

Sheer Abbas, Ghufran Ahmed, Muhammad Ramzan Kasuri · 2022

Ibne Battuta is known for his extensive travels, accounts of which were published in the Rihla (lit. "Journey"). He visited most of the known Islamic world as well as many non-Muslim lands in thirty years. He is generally considered one of…

Criminal Procedure is Criminal Justice in Action: Transition to Islamic Criminal Procedure is a Way Forward for Pakistan Open

Ghufran Ahmed, Sheer Abbas, Muhammad Ramzan Kasuri · 2022

The Criminal law is the strongest arm of all the normative systems of society which saves the society from evils, punishes the criminals, curbs, and prevents crimes in the society, frees it of crime or makes continuous efforts to keep it a…

Superfine black pepper nanometric food powder synthesis by eco-friendly approach and its characteristic effect on its structural, morphological and toxicity for its applications in Biomedical/ Agriculture sciences as new functional nanomaterials. Open

Rakesh Kumar Singh, Pallavi Singh, Naman Naik, Nishant Kumar, Ghufran Ahmed , et al. · 2022

The superfine powder of black pepper at nanometeric scale was synthesized using High Energy Ball Milling equipment. Current research study shows alteration in crystal structure and surface morphology due to grinding at different milling ti…

Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) Scan Versus Exploratory Laparotomy in Patients with Blunt Abdominal Trauma Open

Umair Ahmed, Malik Saeed Awan, Ghufran Ahmed, Hafsa Asad · 2022

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of FAST scans in patients with blunt abdominal trauma keeping exploratory laparotomy as a gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional validation study. Place and Duration of Study: Surgica…

Development of Constitutionalism in Pakistan: An Appraisal Open

Sheer Abbas, Ghufran Ahmed, Raza ul Mustafa · 2022

The phenomenon of constitutionalism serves as a safeguard against the arbitrary use of power and is necessary to ensure rule of law in society. Traditionally, there are two types of constitutionalism; legal and political. The former justif…

Imbalance Criminal Justice System of Pakistan: Joined Up Working is the Way Forward Open

Muhammad Ramzan Kasur, Sheer Abbas, Ghufran Ahmed · 2022

The Criminal Justice System (CJS) is an inter-dependent multi-organizational justice sector comprising police, prosecution, courts, corrections and many other government agencies. These governmental institutions along with one private forc…

PCA-Based Advanced Local Octa-Directional Pattern (ALODP-PCA): A Texture Feature Descriptor for Image Retrieval Open

Muhammad Qasim, Danish Mahmood, Asifa Bibi, Mehedi Masud, Ghufran Ahmed , et al. · 2022

This paper presents a novel feature descriptor termed principal component analysis (PCA)-based Advanced Local Octa-Directional Pattern (ALODP-PCA) for content-based image retrieval. The conventional approaches compare each pixel of an imag…

ISLAMISATION OF LAWS UNDER CHAPTER 3A OF THECONSTITUTION OF PAKISTAN Open

Ghufran Ahmed, Zeeshan Ashraf Qureshi, Muneeba Javid Randhawa, Shagufta Bashir · 2021

Article 203D of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973 uses three important phrases. These are "the Injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Holy Quran and the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet" (the last of the Prophets, ﷺ) "…

An Approach towards IoT-Based Predictive Service for Early Detection of Diseases in Poultry Chickens Open

Ghufran Ahmed, Rauf Ahmed Shams Malick, Adnan Akhunzada, Sumaiyah Zahid, Muhammad Rabeet Sagri , et al. · 2021

The poultry industry contributes majorly to the food industry. The demand for poultry chickens raises across the world quality concerns of the poultry chickens. The quality measures in the poultry industry contribute towards the production…

Optimizing Prediction of YouTube Video Popularity Using XGBoost Open

Meher UN Nisa, Danish Mahmood, Ghufran Ahmed, Suleman Khan, Mazin Abed Mohammed , et al. · 2021

YouTube is a source of income for many people, and therefore a video’s popularity ultimately becomes the top priority for sustaining a steady income, provided that the popularity of videos remains the highest. Analysts and researchers use …

Symptom Analysis Using Fuzzy Logic for Detection and Monitoring of COVID-19 Patients Open

Tayyaba Ilyas, Danish Mahmood, Ghufran Ahmed, Adnan Akhunzada · 2021

Recent developments regarding the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine Learning (ML) opened new horizons of healthcare opportunities. Moreover, these technological advancements give strength to face upcoming …

Extending ONTAgri with Service-Oriented Architecture towards Precision Farming Application Open

Muhammad Fahad, Tariq Javid, Hira Beenish, Adnan Ahmed Siddiqui, Ghufran Ahmed · 2021

The computer science perspective of ontology refers to ontology as a technology, however, with a different perspective in terms of interrogations and concentrations to construct engineering models of reality. Agriculture-centered architect…

Development of Constitutionalism in Pakistan: An Appraisal Open

Sheer Abbas, Ghufran Ahmed, Raza ul Mustafa · 2021

The phenomenon of constitutionalism serves as a safeguard against the arbitrary use of power and is necessary to ensure rule of law in society. Traditionally, there are two types of constitutionalism; legal and political. The former justif…

An efficient routing protocol for internet of medical things focusing hot spot node problem Open

Ghufran Ahmed, Danish Mehmood, Khurram Shahzad, Rauf Ahmed Shams Malick · 2021

The healthcare budget is increasing day-by-day as the population of the world increases. The same is the case regarding the workload of health care workers, that is, doctors and other practitioners. Under such a scenario where workload and…

Adaptive Power Control Aware Depth Routing in Underwater Sensor Networks Open

Ghufran Ahmed, Saif ul Islam, Ihsan Ali, Isra Adil Hayder, Abdelmuttlib Ibrahim Abdalla Ahmed , et al. · 2021

Underwater acoustic sensor network (UASN) refers to a procedure that promotes a broad spectrum of aquatic applications. UASNs can be practically applied in seismic checking, ocean mine identification, resource exploration, pollution checki…

Exploiting Ontology Recommendation Using Text Categorization Approach Open

Muhammad Azeem Sarwar, Mansoor Ahmed, Asad Habib, Muhammad Khalid, M. Akhtar Ali , et al. · 2020

Semantic Web is considered as the backbone of web 3.0 and ontologies are an integral part of the Semantic Web. Though an increase of ontologies in different domains is reported due to various benefits which include data heterogeneity, auto…

E<sup>2</sup>-MACH: Energy efficient multi-attribute based clustering scheme for energy harvesting wireless sensor networks Open

Inam Ul Haq, Qaisar Javaid, Zahid Ullah, Zafar Zaheer, Mohsin Raza , et al. · 2020

Internet of things have emerged enough due to its applications in a wide range of fields such as governance, industry, healthcare, and smart environments (home, smart, cities, and so on). Internet of things–based networks connect smart dev…

Calculating Trust Using Multiple Heterogeneous Social Networks Open

Muhammad Imran, Hasan Ali Khattak, David E. Millard, Thanassis Tiropanis, Tariq Bashir , et al. · 2020

In today’s Internet, a web user becomes members of multiple social networks due to different types of services provided by each of these networks. This creates an opportunity to make trust decisions that go beyond individual social network…

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