Explanipedia

Beyond the cytoskeleton: The emerging role of organelles and membrane remodeling in the regulation of axon collateral branches Open

Cortney C. Winkle, Kendra L. Taylor, Erik W. Dent, Gianluca Gallo, Karen F. Greif , et al. · 2024

The generation of axon collateral branches is a fundamental aspect of the development of the nervous system and the response of axons to injury. Although much has been discovered about the signaling pathways and cytoskeletal dynamics under…

Neuronal glycolysis: focus on developmental morphogenesis and localized subcellular functions Open

Gianluca Gallo · 2024

Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that directly generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP), provides metabolic intermediates for anabolism, and supports mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. This review addresses recent advances in our unde…

Actin(g) toward a revised understanding of the role of cytoskeletal dynamics in neuronal bioenergetics Open

Sabrina Holland, Gianluca Gallo · 2024

Actin cytoskeletal dynamics do not impose an energy drain on growth cone bioenergetics Open

Sabrina Holland, Gianluca Gallo · 2023

The regulation of the intracellular level of ATP is a fundamental aspect of bioenergetics. Actin cytoskeletal dynamics have been reported to be an energetic drain in developing neurons and platelets. We addressed the role of actin dynamics…

Palmitoylation couples the kinases DLK and JNK3 to facilitate prodegenerative axon-to-soma signaling Open

Jingwen Niu, Sabrina Holland, Andrea Ketschek, Kaitlin M. Collura, Natasha Hesketh , et al. · 2022

Dual leucine-zipper kinase (DLK; a MAP3K) mediates neuronal responses to diverse injuries and insults through the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Here, we identified two ways through which…

SARM1 Suppresses Axon Branching Through Attenuation of Axonal Cytoskeletal Dynamics Open

Andrea Ketschek, Sabrina Holland, Gianluca Gallo · 2022

Axon branching is a fundamental aspect of neuronal morphogenesis, neuronal circuit formation, and response of the nervous system to injury. Sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1 (SARM1) was initially identified as promoting Wallerian de…

Bioenergetic Requirements and Spatiotemporal Profile of Nerve Growth Factor Induced PI3K-Akt Signaling Along Sensory Axons Open

Rajiv Sainath, Gianluca Gallo · 2021

Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) promotes the elaboration of axonal filopodia and branches through PI3K-Akt. NGF activates the TrkA receptor resulting in an initial transient high amplitude burst of PI3K-Akt signaling followed by a maintained low…

The Axonal Glycolytic Pathway Contributes to Sensory Axon Extension and Growth Cone Dynamics Open

Andrea Ketschek, Rajiv Sainath, Sabrina Holland, Gianluca Gallo · 2021

Understanding the bioenergetics of axon extension and maintenance has wide ranging implications for neurodevelopment and disease states. Glycolysis is a pathway consisting of 10 enzymes and separated into preparatory and payoff phases, the…

Axotomy Induces Drp1-Dependent Fragmentation of Axonal Mitochondria Open

Joseph Kedra, Shen Lin, Almudena Pacheco, Gianluca Gallo, George M. Smith · 2021

It is well established that CNS axons fail to regenerate, undergo retrograde dieback, and form dystrophic growth cones due to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. We sought to investigate the role of axonal mitochondria in the axonal resp…

Palmitoylation Couples DLK to JNK3 to Facilitate Pro-degenerative Axon-to-Soma Signaling Open

Jingwen Niu, Sabrina Holland, Andrea Ketschek, Kaitlin M. Collura, Takashi Hayashi , et al. · 2020

Summary Dual Leucine-zipper Kinase (DLK, a MAP3K) mediates neuronal responses to diverse injuries and insults via c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) family Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs). It is unclear why DLK couples to JNKs in mamm…

Mechanisms of Axon Elongation Following CNS Injury: What Is Happening at the Axon Tip? Open

William Rodemer, Gianluca Gallo, Michael E. Selzer · 2020

After an injury to the central nervous system (CNS), functional recovery is limited by the inability of severed axons to regenerate and form functional connections with appropriate target neurons beyond the injury. Despite tremendous advan…

The bioenergetics of neuronal morphogenesis and regeneration: Frontiers beyond the mitochondrion Open

Gianluca Gallo · 2020

The formation of axons and dendrites during development, and their regeneration following injury, are energy intensive processes. The underlying assembly and dynamics of the cytoskeleton, axonal transport mechanisms, and extensive signalin…

Neurotrophins induce fission of mitochondria along embryonic sensory axons Open

Lorena Armijo‐Weingart, Andrea Ketschek, Rajiv Sainath, Almudena Pacheco, George M. Smith , et al. · 2019

Neurotrophins are growth factors that have a multitude of roles in the nervous system. We report that neurotrophins induce the fission of mitochondria along embryonic chick sensory axons driven by combined PI3K and Mek-Erk signaling. Follo…

Mechanism and role of the intra-axonal Calreticulin translation in response to axonal injury Open

Almudena Pacheco, Tanuja T. Merianda, Jeffery L. Twiss, Gianluca Gallo · 2019

Following injury, sensory axons locally translate mRNAs that encode proteins needed for the response to injury, locally and through retrograde signaling, and for regeneration. In this study, we addressed the mechanism and role of axotomy-i…

Author response: Neurotrophins induce fission of mitochondria along embryonic sensory axons Open

Lorena Armijo‐Weingart, Andrea Ketschek, Rajiv Sainath, Almudena Pacheco, George M. Smith , et al. · 2019

Issue Information Open

Eduardo R. Macagno, Darcy B. Kelley, J. W. Fawcett, Moses V. Chao, Carlos D. Aizenman , et al. · 2019

Wiley's Corporate Citizenship initiative seeks to address the environmental, social, economic, and ethical challenges faced in our business and which are important to our diverse stakeholder groups.Since launching the initiative, we have f…

Issue Information Open

Eduardo R. Macagno, Darcy B. Kelley, James W. Fawcett, Moses V. Chao, Carlos D. Aizenman , et al. · 2019

Wiley's Corporate Citizenship initiative seeks to address the environmental, social, economic, and ethical challenges faced in our business and which are important to our diverse stakeholder groups.Since launching the initiative, we have f…

MIRO-1 Determines Mitochondrial Shape Transition upon GPCR Activation and Ca2+ Stress Open

Neeharika Nemani, Edmund Carvalho, Dhanendra Tomar, Zhiwei Dong, Andrea Ketschek , et al. · 2018

Issue Information Open

David A. Brafman, Karl Willert, George Smith, Gianluca Gallo, Ruxandra F. Sîrbulescu , et al. · 2017

Wiley's Corporate Citizenship initiative seeks to address the environmental, social, economic, and ethical challenges faced in our business and which are important to our diverse stakeholder groups.Since launching the initiative, we have f…

The role of mitochondria in axon development and regeneration Open

George M. Smith, Gianluca Gallo · 2017

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo transport, fission, and fusion. The three main functions of mitochondria are to generate ATP, buffer cytosolic calcium, and generate reactive oxygen species. A large body of evidence indicat…

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans negatively regulate the positioning of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum to distal axons Open

Rajiv Sainath, Lorena Armijo‐Weingart, Andrea Ketscheck, Zhuxuan Xu, Shuxin Li , et al. · 2017

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are components of the extracellular matrix that inhibit the extension and regeneration of axons. However, the underlying mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Mitochondria and endoplasmic …

To mdivi‐1 or not to mdivi‐1: Is that the question? Open

George M. Smith, Gianluca Gallo · 2017

The fission/division and fusion of mitochondria are fundamental aspects of mitochondrial biology. The balance of fission and fusion sets the length of mitochondria in cells to serve their physiological requirements. The fission of mitochon…

It takes a village to raise a branch: Cellular mechanisms of the initiation of axon collateral branches Open

Lorena Armijo‐Weingart, Gianluca Gallo · 2017

Cover Image Open

Andrea Ketschek, Mirela Spillane, Xin‐Peng Dun, Holly Hardy, John K. Chilton , et al. · 2016

The cover image, by Gianluca Gallo et al., is based on the Research Article Drebrin coordinates the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton during the initiation of axon collateral branches, DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22377.

Actin filament-microtubule interactions in axon initiation and branching Open

Almudena Pacheco, Gianluca Gallo · 2016

CSPGs inhibit axon branching by impairing mitochondria‐dependent regulation of actin dynamics and axonal translation Open

Rajiv Sainath, Andrea Ketschek, Leah Grandi, Gianluca Gallo · 2016

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) inhibit the formation of axon collateral branches. The regulation of the axonal cytoskeleton and mitochondria are important components of the mechanism of branching. Actin‐dependent axonal plastici…

Beyond the cytoskeleton: The emerging role of organelles and membrane remodeling in the regulation of axon collateral branches Open

Cortney C. Winkle, Kendra L. Taylor, Erik W. Dent, Gianluca Gallo, Karen F. Greif , et al. · 2016

The generation of axon collateral branches is a fundamental aspect of the development of the nervous system and the response of axons to injury. Although much has been discovered about the signaling pathways and cytoskeletal dynamics under…

Drebrin coordinates the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton during the initiation of axon collateral branches Open

Andrea Ketschek, Mirela Spillane, Xin‐Peng Dun, Holly Hardy, John K. Chilton , et al. · 2016

Drebrin is a cytoskeleton‐associated protein which can interact with both actin filaments and the tips of microtubules. Its roles have been studied mostly in dendrites, and the functions of drebrin in axons are less well understood. In thi…

Coordination of the axonal cytoskeleton during the emergence of axon collateral branches Open

Gianluca Gallo · 2016

The formation of branches during development allows a single axon to make synaptic contacts with numerous target neurons, often in different parts of the nervous system, thereby allowing for the establishment of complex patterns of neurona…

Palmitoylation controls DLK localization, interactions and activity to ensure effective axonal injury signaling Open

Sabrina Holland, Kaitlin M. Collura, Andrea Ketschek, Kentaro Noma, Toby A. Ferguson , et al. · 2015

Significance Dual leucine-zipper kinase (DLK) is essential for responses to nerve injury and subsequent neural regeneration by controlling transfer of signals from damaged distal axons to neuronal cell bodies. However, DLK is predicted to …

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