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View article: Prevalence of Histological Transformation in First-Line Osimertinib Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers: Case Series and Literature Review
Prevalence of Histological Transformation in First-Line Osimertinib Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers: Case Series and Literature Review Open
Patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma (mADC) harboring EGFR-activating mutations can benefit from first-line Osimertinib, but acquired resistance inevitably occurs. Different resistance mechanisms, on- and off-target, have been desc…
View article: A tough NUT carcinoma to crack
A tough NUT carcinoma to crack Open
We describe the case of a NUT carcinoma of the thorax in a 27-year-old male, non-smoker, presenting a voluminous neoformation in the hilum and the left side of the mediastinum infiltrating heart and great vessels. The biopsy revealed a poo…
View article: Salvage Surgery: A Concrete Opportunity in Unresectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Following Definitive Chemo-Immunotherapy
Salvage Surgery: A Concrete Opportunity in Unresectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Following Definitive Chemo-Immunotherapy Open
Background: The advent of immunotherapy has significantly improved survival outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this evolving context, salvage surgery has emerged as a potential curative strategy, despite the risk o…
View article: The Paradox of War and Diabetes: Prolonged Prothrombin Time, Shortened APTT, and Platelet Activation in Yemeni Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
The Paradox of War and Diabetes: Prolonged Prothrombin Time, Shortened APTT, and Platelet Activation in Yemeni Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Open
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) induces a hypercoagulable state, increasing thrombotic risk. However, data characterizing hemostatic abnormalities in T2DM patients from conflict zones with crippled healthcare systems, like Yemen…
View article: Unlocking the potential of radiomics in identifying fibrosing and inflammatory patterns in interstitial lung disease
Unlocking the potential of radiomics in identifying fibrosing and inflammatory patterns in interstitial lung disease Open
Purpose To differentiate interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) with fibrotic and inflammatory patterns using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and a radiomics-based artificial intelligence (AI) pipeline. Materials and methods This sin…
View article: Surgical Management of Pulmonary Typical Carcinoids: A Single-Centre Experience Comparing Anatomical and Non-Anatomical Resections
Surgical Management of Pulmonary Typical Carcinoids: A Single-Centre Experience Comparing Anatomical and Non-Anatomical Resections Open
Background/Objectives: Pulmonary typical carcinoid (TC) is a rare type of primary neuroendocrine neoplasm of the lung with indolent behavior and a good prognosis. The main treatment strategy is surgery, the extent of which is controversial…
View article: NLR outperforms PLR in SLE diagnosis and prognosis: an AI-enhanced meta-analysis of 12 850 patients with ethnicity-specific cut-offs
NLR outperforms PLR in SLE diagnosis and prognosis: an AI-enhanced meta-analysis of 12 850 patients with ethnicity-specific cut-offs Open
Objectives To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic performance of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in SLE and to integrate these biomarkers into an interpretable artificial intelligence (AI)…
View article: Surgical Management of Mediastinal Ectopic Parathyroids
Surgical Management of Mediastinal Ectopic Parathyroids Open
Primary hyperparathyroidism is commonly caused by parathyroid adenomas, hyperplasia, or, rarely, carcinoma. In up to 20% of cases, parathyroid tissue may be ectopic, often located in the mediastinum due to aberrant embryologic migration. E…
View article: Twice as Effective? Pressurized Intra-Thoracic Aerosol Chemotherapy: New Frontiers in Pleural Mesothelioma
Twice as Effective? Pressurized Intra-Thoracic Aerosol Chemotherapy: New Frontiers in Pleural Mesothelioma Open
Pressurized intra-thoracic aerosol chemotherapy (PITAC) is a novel and promising strategy for the treatment of malignant pleural effusion (MPE). PITAC enables effective pleurodesis while potentially exerting an antineoplastic effect by del…
View article: Comparative Study of Food Image Classification Performance Using the Xception Architecture
Comparative Study of Food Image Classification Performance Using the Xception Architecture Open
Food allergies remain a critical issue that needs more research. To identify and manage food allergies, the integration of complex computational approaches is becoming more and more important, opening the door to more individualized and ef…
View article: Part I – Pre-analytical phase
Part I – Pre-analytical phase Open
Precision oncology relies on pathology to integrate morphological and genomic data for tailored treatment selection. The preanalytical phase, covering all steps from specimen collection to processing before analysis, is one of the major de…
View article: Melanocortin-4 Receptor Antagonism Inhibits Colorectal and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo
Melanocortin-4 Receptor Antagonism Inhibits Colorectal and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo Open
Background/Objectives MC4R expression and its role in colorectal and anaplastic thyroid cancers, where resistance to therapy and lack of standard treatments remain significant challenges, are poorly understood. This study aimed to investig…
View article: Case of severe thrombocytopenia with recurrent extensive deep vein thrombosis due to antiphospholipid syndrome, management challenge
Case of severe thrombocytopenia with recurrent extensive deep vein thrombosis due to antiphospholipid syndrome, management challenge Open
Key Clinical Message Severe thrombocytopenia in secondary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) presents a significant management challenge. This case highlights the complexity of managing APS‐related thrombocytopenia, requiring a nuanced approa…
View article: Prognostic Stratification of Epithelioid Pleural Mesothelioma Based on the Hippo-TEADs Network
Prognostic Stratification of Epithelioid Pleural Mesothelioma Based on the Hippo-TEADs Network Open
Background. The Hippo pathway is the most frequently altered signaling in pleural mesothelioma (PM). Epithelioid PM (ePM) is associated with better outcome than non-epithelioid subtypes, but its prognosis can be heterogeneous. Here, we tri…
View article: Long-Term Oncological Outcomes Related to Lymphadenectomy in Clinical Stage I NSCLC: A Multicenter Retrospective Experience
Long-Term Oncological Outcomes Related to Lymphadenectomy in Clinical Stage I NSCLC: A Multicenter Retrospective Experience Open
Background: Lymphadenectomy is considered a key part of the radical treatment of resectable lung cancer, although its appropriate extension in early stages is a debated topic due to the great heterogeneity of studies in the literature. Thi…
View article: Malignant Hypertension Complicated by Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)
Malignant Hypertension Complicated by Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Open
Clinical signs and symptoms of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) include headache, altered mental state, vision loss, and seizures. Neuroradiological results exhibiting white matter abnormalities, primarily in the parieto…
View article: Phasor-FLIM and SHG imaging for quantitative analysis of lung cancer autofluorescence
Phasor-FLIM and SHG imaging for quantitative analysis of lung cancer autofluorescence Open
Histopathology using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining remains the gold standard for tumor diagnosis. However, extracting quantitative data from stained slides is challenging, limiting the ability to obtain objective biomarkers for dise…
View article: A case report of intrapulmonary mature teratoma with aspergilloma
A case report of intrapulmonary mature teratoma with aspergilloma Open
Introduction: Teratomas are benign germ cell tumors composed of components from the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. While germ cell tumors account for 10-20% of anterior mediastinal masses, intrapulmonary teratomas (IPTs) are extremely r…
View article: Single-cell sequencing has revealed a more complex array of thymic epithelial cells
Single-cell sequencing has revealed a more complex array of thymic epithelial cells Open
Thymic epithelial cells participate in the maturation and selection of T lymphocytes. This review explores recent insights from single-cell sequencing regarding classifying thymic epithelial cells in both normal and neoplastic thymus. Cort…
View article: Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping in Lung Cancer: A Pilot Study for the Detection of Micrometastases in Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping in Lung Cancer: A Pilot Study for the Detection of Micrometastases in Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Open
Lymphadenectomy represents a fundamental step in the staging and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To date, the extension of lymphadenectomy in early-stage NSCLC is a debated topic due to its possible complications. The dete…
View article: Downstaging of ALK Rearranged Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Lung Using Alectinib Before Surgery: Case Report
Downstaging of ALK Rearranged Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Lung Using Alectinib Before Surgery: Case Report Open
Tracheobronchial inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare neoplasm with a pediatric prevalence. Due to its early symptoms and limited size at diagnosis, the treatment of choice is generally surgical with eventual airway reconstru…
View article: A patient with a Germline (p.R776H) EGFR Mutation With Multiple Lung Cancers Harboring Different Somatic EGFR Mutations
A patient with a Germline (p.R776H) EGFR Mutation With Multiple Lung Cancers Harboring Different Somatic EGFR Mutations Open
Clinical Practice Points• There are not standard guidelines for the selection and treatment of patients with synchronous multiple nodules with ground glass/lepidic features.• The presence of different EGFR mutations in the various resected…
View article: Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Prevalence of Actionable Alterations in a Monocentric Consecutive Cohort
Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Prevalence of Actionable Alterations in a Monocentric Consecutive Cohort Open
Early-stage (ES) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is diagnosed in about 30% of cases. The preferred treatment is surgery, but a significant proportion of patients experience recurrence. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy has a limited…
View article: A Misleading Case of <i>NTRK-</i>Rearranged Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
A Misleading Case of <i>NTRK-</i>Rearranged Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Open
Herein, we present a misleading case of advanced papillary thyroid carcinoma with lung, node, and pleural metastases, initially diagnosed as metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with papillary features, based on the histological and immunohistoc…