Gilberto A. Santiago
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View article: Diagnostic Performance and Regulatory Readiness of Dengue Rapid Diagnostic Tests Commercially Available in the United States
Diagnostic Performance and Regulatory Readiness of Dengue Rapid Diagnostic Tests Commercially Available in the United States Open
Dengue is an emerging public health threat in the United States, and currently, no FDA–approved rapid diagnostic test (RDT) is available. A reliable RDT could support timely clinical management and outbreak response. We evaluated nine comm…
View article: Utility of sentinel surveillance as an early warning system for emerging pathogens in a low-resource setting: correlations of dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and COVID-19 trends between sentinel and passive surveillance systems in Puerto Rico, 2012–2023
Utility of sentinel surveillance as an early warning system for emerging pathogens in a low-resource setting: correlations of dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and COVID-19 trends between sentinel and passive surveillance systems in Puerto Rico, 2012–2023 Open
The representativeness and timeliness of sentinel surveillance for endemic and emerging arboviral and respiratory diseases in low-resource settings are understudied. We compared laboratory-confirmed epidemic dengue, non-epidemic dengue, Zi…
View article: Dengue Outbreak and Response — Puerto Rico, 2024
Dengue Outbreak and Response — Puerto Rico, 2024 Open
Dengue, a mosquitoborne viral infection, is a public health threat in Puerto Rico, where multiple dengue virus (DENV) serotypes circulate. Dengue causes an acute febrile illness that can progress to severe disease or death. The last outbre…
View article: Epidemiology of Dengue — Puerto Rico, 2010–2024
Epidemiology of Dengue — Puerto Rico, 2010–2024 Open
Dengue is a mosquitoborne viral illness that can cause acute febrile illness, severe disease, or death. Worldwide, the number of dengue cases is increasing. During the last dengue outbreaks in Puerto Rico throughout 2010-2013, dengue virus…
View article: North–south pathways, emerging variants, and high climate suitability characterize the recent spread of dengue virus serotypes 2 and 3 in the Dominican Republic
North–south pathways, emerging variants, and high climate suitability characterize the recent spread of dengue virus serotypes 2 and 3 in the Dominican Republic Open
View article: Diagnostic Accuracy of the Abbott BinaxNOW COVID‐19 Antigen Card Test, Puerto Rico
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Abbott BinaxNOW COVID‐19 Antigen Card Test, Puerto Rico Open
Background The COVID‐19 pandemic underscored the need for rapid and accurate diagnostic tools. In August 2020, the Abbott BinaxNOW COVID‐19 Antigen Card test became available as a timely and affordable alternative for SARS‐CoV‐2 molecular …
View article: Travel surveillance uncovers dengue virus dynamics and introductions in the Caribbean
Travel surveillance uncovers dengue virus dynamics and introductions in the Caribbean Open
Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease in humans, and cases are continuing to rise globally. In particular, islands in the Caribbean have experienced more frequent outbreaks, and all four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes ha…
View article: North-south pathways, emerging variants, and high climate suitability characterize the recent spread of dengue virus serotypes 2 and 3 in the Dominican Republic
North-south pathways, emerging variants, and high climate suitability characterize the recent spread of dengue virus serotypes 2 and 3 in the Dominican Republic Open
Summary We employ a multidisciplinary approach, integrating genomics and epidemiology, to uncover recent dengue virus transmission dynamics in the Dominican Republic. Our results highlight a previously unknown north-south transmission path…
View article: Introduction and Spread of Dengue Virus 3, Florida, USA, May 2022–April 2023
Introduction and Spread of Dengue Virus 3, Florida, USA, May 2022–April 2023 Open
During May 2022-April 2023, dengue virus serotype 3 was identified among 601 travel-associated and 61 locally acquired dengue cases in Florida, USA. All 203 sequenced genomes belonged to the same genotype III lineage and revealed potential…
View article: Diagnostic Accuracy of the Abbot BinaxNOW COVID-19 Antigen Card Test, Puerto Rico
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Abbot BinaxNOW COVID-19 Antigen Card Test, Puerto Rico Open
Background The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the need for rapid and accurate diagnostic tools. In August 2020, the Abbot BinaxNOW COVID-19 Antigen Card test became available as a timely and affordable alternative for SARS-CoV-2 molecular t…
View article: Travel surveillance uncovers dengue virus dynamics and introductions in the Caribbean
Travel surveillance uncovers dengue virus dynamics and introductions in the Caribbean Open
Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease in humans, and cases are continuing to rise globally. In particular, islands in the Caribbean have experienced more frequent outbreaks, and all four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes ha…
View article: Dengue Outbreak Response during COVID-19 Pandemic, Key Largo, Florida, USA, 2020
Dengue Outbreak Response during COVID-19 Pandemic, Key Largo, Florida, USA, 2020 Open
We report a dengue outbreak in Key Largo, Florida, USA, from February through August 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Successful community engagement resulted in 61% of case-patients self-reporting. We also describe COVID-19 pandemic ef…
View article: Identification of risk factors and mosquito vectors associated with dengue virus infection in American Samoa, 2017
Identification of risk factors and mosquito vectors associated with dengue virus infection in American Samoa, 2017 Open
Introduction The first outbreak of dengue in American Samoa was reported in 1911. Sporadic outbreaks have been reported since, as were outbreaks of other pathogens transmitted by Aedes species mosquitoes including Ross River, chikungunya, …
View article: Reemergence of Dengue Virus Serotype 3, Brazil, 2023
Reemergence of Dengue Virus Serotype 3, Brazil, 2023 Open
We characterized 3 autochthonous dengue virus serotype 3 cases and 1 imported case from 2 states in the North and South Regions of Brazil, 15 years after Brazil's last outbreak involving this serotype. We also identified a new Asian lineag…
View article: Reemergence of Dengue Virus Serotype 3, Brazil, 2023
Reemergence of Dengue Virus Serotype 3, Brazil, 2023 Open
In 2023, three autochthonous DENV-3 cases were detected in Roraima and one imported case in Paraná, fifteen years after the last DENV-3 outbreak in Brazil. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed all belonging to a new Asian lineage recently intro…
View article: Epidemiologic Trends of Dengue in U.S. Territories, 2010–2020
Epidemiologic Trends of Dengue in U.S. Territories, 2010–2020 Open
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends vaccination with Dengvaxia for children aged 9-16 years with evidence of previous dengue infection and living in areas where dengue is endemic. The recommendation for the dengue v…
View article: Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Dengue Fever Viruses in Three Outbreaks in Tanzania Between 2017 and 2019
Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Dengue Fever Viruses in Three Outbreaks in Tanzania Between 2017 and 2019 Open
Background Dengue is a disease of public health interest, and Tanzania experienced major outbreaks in 2014 and 2019. Here, we report our findings on the molecular characterization of dengue viruses (DENV) that circulated during two smaller…
View article: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Replacement of Delta as Predominant Variant, Puerto Rico
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Replacement of Delta as Predominant Variant, Puerto Rico Open
We reconstructed the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic caused by Omicron variant in Puerto Rico by sampling genomes collected during October 2021-May 2022. Our study revealed that Omicron BA.1 emerged and replaced Delta as the predominant variant in Dec…
View article: <i>Notes From the Field:</i> First Evidence of Locally Acquired Dengue Virus Infection — Maricopa County, Arizona, November 2022
<i>Notes From the Field:</i> First Evidence of Locally Acquired Dengue Virus Infection — Maricopa County, Arizona, November 2022 Open
View article: Clinical Features of COVID-19, Dengue, and Influenza among Adults Presenting to Emergency Departments and Urgent Care Clinics—Puerto Rico, 2012–2021
Clinical Features of COVID-19, Dengue, and Influenza among Adults Presenting to Emergency Departments and Urgent Care Clinics—Puerto Rico, 2012–2021 Open
Dengue and influenza are pathogens of global concern and cause febrile illness similar to COVID-19. We analyzed data from an enhanced surveillance system operating from three emergency departments and an urgent care clinic in Puerto Rico t…
View article: SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Diversity in Households Highlights the Challenges of Sequence-Based Transmission Inference
SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Diversity in Households Highlights the Challenges of Sequence-Based Transmission Inference Open
We performed whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 from prospectively identified cases in three longitudinal household cohorts. In a majority of multi-infection households, SARS-CoV-2 consensus sequences were indistinguishable, and they di…
View article: Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Puerto Rico enabled early detection and tracking of variants
Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Puerto Rico enabled early detection and tracking of variants Open
View article: SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity in households highlights the challenges of sequence-based transmission inference
SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity in households highlights the challenges of sequence-based transmission inference Open
Background The reliability of sequence-based inference of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is not clear. Sequence data from infections among household members can define the expected genomic diversity of a virus along a defined transmission chain. …
View article: Emergence of Dengue Virus Serotype 2 Cosmopolitan Genotype, Brazil
Emergence of Dengue Virus Serotype 2 Cosmopolitan Genotype, Brazil Open
We used nanopore sequencing and phylogenetic analyses to identify a cosmopolitan genotype of dengue virus serotype 2 that was isolated from a 56-year-old male patient from the state of Goiás in Brazil. The emergence of a cosmopolitan genot…
View article: Reduced spread of influenza and other respiratory viral infections during the COVID-19 pandemic in southern Puerto Rico
Reduced spread of influenza and other respiratory viral infections during the COVID-19 pandemic in southern Puerto Rico Open
Introduction Impacts of COVID-19 mitigation measures on seasonal respiratory viruses is unknown in sub-tropical climates. Methods We compared weekly testing and test-positivity of respiratory infections in the 2019–2020 respiratory season …
View article: Dengue-2 Cosmopolitan genotype detection and emergence in South America
Dengue-2 Cosmopolitan genotype detection and emergence in South America Open
We report the first confirmed case of DENV-2 Cosmopolitan genotype isolated from a male patient from Aparecida de Goiania, Goías state, Midwest Brazil. Using nanopore sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses our findings provide the first pre…
View article: Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Puerto Rico reveals emergence of an autochthonous lineage and early detection of variants
Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Puerto Rico reveals emergence of an autochthonous lineage and early detection of variants Open
View article: Tracing the Origin, Spread, and Molecular Evolution of Zika Virus in Puerto Rico, 2016–2017
Tracing the Origin, Spread, and Molecular Evolution of Zika Virus in Puerto Rico, 2016–2017 Open
We reconstructed the 2016-2017 Zika virus epidemic in Puerto Rico by using complete genomes to uncover the epidemic's origin, spread, and evolutionary dynamics. Our study revealed that the epidemic was propelled by multiple introductions t…
View article: Fatal Dengue Acquired in Florida
Fatal Dengue Acquired in Florida Open
Fatal Dengue Acquired in Florida A woman presented with acute cholecystitis to a hospital in Miami. She subsequently died from complications of locally acquired dengue virus infection.
View article: Evaluating Differences in Whole Blood, Serum, and Urine Screening Tests for Zika Virus, Puerto Rico, USA, 2016
Evaluating Differences in Whole Blood, Serum, and Urine Screening Tests for Zika Virus, Puerto Rico, USA, 2016 Open
We evaluated nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) for Zika virus on whole-blood specimens compared with NAAT on serum and urine specimens among asymptomatic pregnant women during the 2015-2016 Puerto Rico Zika outbreak. Using NAAT, mo…