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View article: A phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor reduces lung inflammation and fibrosis in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection
A phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor reduces lung inflammation and fibrosis in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection Open
Introduction The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection involves pulmonary inflammation that can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, a primary cause of lung damage/fibrosis in patients with Coro…
View article: Aggregated Mycobacterium tuberculosis Enhances the Inflammatory Response
Aggregated Mycobacterium tuberculosis Enhances the Inflammatory Response Open
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacilli readily aggregate. We previously reported that Mtb aggregates lead to phagocyte death and subsequent efficient replication in the dead infected cells. Here, we examined the transcriptional response …
View article: Aggregation state of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> impacts host immunity and augments pulmonary disease pathology
Aggregation state of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> impacts host immunity and augments pulmonary disease pathology Open
Phagocytosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) aggregates, rather than similar numbers of single bacilli, induces host macrophage death and favors bacterial growth. Here, we examined whether aggregation contributes to enhanced Mtb pathog…
View article: Aggregated <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> enhances the inflammatory response
Aggregated <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> enhances the inflammatory response Open
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) readily aggregates in culture and Mtb aggregates in the lung were observed in experimental Mtb infection. However, the physiological consequences of Mtb aggregation are incompletely understood. Here we exam…
View article: Capture and visualization of live Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli from tuberculosis patient bioaerosols
Capture and visualization of live Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli from tuberculosis patient bioaerosols Open
Interrupting transmission is an attractive anti-tuberculosis (TB) strategy but it remains underexplored owing to our poor understanding of the events surrounding transfer of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) between hosts. Determining whe…
View article: BCG vaccination of infants confers Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain-specific immune responses to leucocytes
BCG vaccination of infants confers Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain-specific immune responses to leucocytes Open
The efficacy of bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination against tuberculosis is highly variable, and protective immunity elicited by BCG is poorly understood. We compared the cytokine/chemokine profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear ce…
View article: Inoculum size and traits of the infecting clinical strain define the protection level against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection in a rabbit model
Inoculum size and traits of the infecting clinical strain define the protection level against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection in a rabbit model Open
Host protective immunity against pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is variable and poorly understood. Both prior Mtb infection and BCG vaccination have been reported to confer some protection against subsequent infectio…
View article: Thalidomide and Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors as Host Directed Therapeutics for Tuberculous Meningitis: Insights From the Rabbit Model
Thalidomide and Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors as Host Directed Therapeutics for Tuberculous Meningitis: Insights From the Rabbit Model Open
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most devastating form of extrapulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in humans. Severe inflammation and extensive tissue damage drive the morbidity and mortality of this manifestation of tubercul…
View article: Frequency of Circulating CD4+Ki67+HLA-DR− T Regulatory Cells Prior to Treatment for Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Can Differentiate the Severity of Disease and Predict Time to Culture Conversion
Frequency of Circulating CD4+Ki67+HLA-DR− T Regulatory Cells Prior to Treatment for Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Can Differentiate the Severity of Disease and Predict Time to Culture Conversion Open
Identifying a blood circulating cellular biomarker that can be used to assess severity of disease and predict the time to culture conversion (TCC) in patients with multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) would facilitate monitoring respo…
View article: Interleukin-17 limits hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and development of hypoxic granulomas during tuberculosis
Interleukin-17 limits hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and development of hypoxic granulomas during tuberculosis Open
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a global health threat, compounded by the emergence of drug-resistant strains. A hallmark of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is the formation of hypoxic necrotic granulomas, which upon disintegration, releas…
View article: A combination of baseline plasma immune markers can predict therapeutic response in multidrug resistant tuberculosis
A combination of baseline plasma immune markers can predict therapeutic response in multidrug resistant tuberculosis Open
Plasma levels of specific chemokines and inflammatory markers measured before MDR-TB treatment are candidate predictive markers of delayed SCC. These findings require validation in a larger study.
View article: Correlation of rpoB Mutations with Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of Rifampin and Rifabutin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an HIV/AIDS Endemic Setting, South Africa
Correlation of rpoB Mutations with Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of Rifampin and Rifabutin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an HIV/AIDS Endemic Setting, South Africa Open
Treatment of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV co-infections is often complicated by drug-to-drug interactions between anti-mycobacterial and anti-retroviral agents. Rifabutin (RFB) is an alternative to rifampin (RIF) for TB regimens and is recomm…
View article: Pharmacologic Inhibition of Host Phosphodiesterase-4 Improves Isoniazid-Mediated Clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pharmacologic Inhibition of Host Phosphodiesterase-4 Improves Isoniazid-Mediated Clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Open
The lengthy duration of multidrug therapy needed to cure tuberculosis (TB) poses significant challenges for global control of the disease. Moreover, chronic inflammation associated with TB leads to pulmonary damage that can remain even aft…
View article: Human newborn bacille Calmette–Guérin vaccination and risk of tuberculosis disease: a case-control study
Human newborn bacille Calmette–Guérin vaccination and risk of tuberculosis disease: a case-control study Open
Distinct patterns of host responses to Mycobacterium bovis BCG suggest that novel TB vaccines may also elicit distinct patterns of host responses. This diversity should be considered in future TB vaccine development.
View article: Mycobacterium leprae alters classical activation of human monocytes in vitro
Mycobacterium leprae alters classical activation of human monocytes in vitro Open
Exposure to M. leprae has an inhibitory effect on M1 macrophage polarization, likely mediated through PGL-1. By directing monocyte/macrophages preferentially towards M1 activation, BCG vaccination may render the cells more refractory to th…
View article: Translational Research for Tuberculosis Elimination: Priorities, Challenges, and Actions
Translational Research for Tuberculosis Elimination: Priorities, Challenges, and Actions Open
Christian Lienhardt and colleagues describe the research efforts needed to end the global tuberculosis epidemic by 2035
View article: A Novel Molecular Strategy for Surveillance of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis in High Burden Settings
A Novel Molecular Strategy for Surveillance of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis in High Burden Settings Open
We conclude that SpoNC provides good discrimination for MDR-TB surveillance and early identification of outbreaks in South Africa, with 24-loci MIRU-VNTR applied for pncA wild-type strains as needed.
View article: Additional file 3: Table S2. of Human newborn bacille Calmetteâ GuĂŠrin vaccination and risk of tuberculosis disease: a case-control study
Additional file 3: Table S2. of Human newborn bacille Calmetteâ GuĂŠrin vaccination and risk of tuberculosis disease: a case-control study Open
Genes differentially expressed between cluster 1 and cluster 2 infants from the primary cohort. Gene expression was calculated by subtracting expression in PBMC incubated with medium alone from expression in PBMC incubated with BCG. (XLSX …
View article: Additional file 7: Table S6. of Human newborn bacille Calmetteâ GuĂŠrin vaccination and risk of tuberculosis disease: a case-control study
Additional file 7: Table S6. of Human newborn bacille Calmetteâ GuĂŠrin vaccination and risk of tuberculosis disease: a case-control study Open
Unique and shared gene expression pathways in each of four groups from the validation cohort: a group of cases and controls within each of the two clusters. Gene expression was from PBMC incubated with medium alone. (XLSX 55 kb)
View article: Additional file 2: Table S1. of Human newborn bacille Calmetteâ GuĂŠrin vaccination and risk of tuberculosis disease: a case-control study
Additional file 2: Table S1. of Human newborn bacille Calmetteâ GuĂŠrin vaccination and risk of tuberculosis disease: a case-control study Open
Number of genes differentially expressed between cases and controls from the primary cohort. Column B shows this analysis when all infants were included, whereas the other two columns show analysis with cluster 1 and cluster 2 infants incl…
View article: Additional file 4: Table S3. of Human newborn bacille Calmetteâ GuĂŠrin vaccination and risk of tuberculosis disease: a case-control study
Additional file 4: Table S3. of Human newborn bacille Calmetteâ GuĂŠrin vaccination and risk of tuberculosis disease: a case-control study Open
Genes differentially expressed between cluster 1 and cluster 2 infants from the secondary cohort. Gene expression was calculated by subtracting expression in PBMC incubated with medium alone from expression in PBMC incubated with BCG. (XLS…
View article: Additional file 5: Table S4. of Human newborn bacille Calmetteâ GuĂŠrin vaccination and risk of tuberculosis disease: a case-control study
Additional file 5: Table S4. of Human newborn bacille Calmetteâ GuĂŠrin vaccination and risk of tuberculosis disease: a case-control study Open
GSEA analysis of differentially expressed genes in cluster 1 and cluster 2 infants from the primary cohort. Gene expression was calculated by subtracting expression in PBMC incubated with medium alone from expression in PBMC incubated with…
View article: Additional file 6: Table S5. of Human newborn bacille Calmetteâ GuĂŠrin vaccination and risk of tuberculosis disease: a case-control study
Additional file 6: Table S5. of Human newborn bacille Calmetteâ GuĂŠrin vaccination and risk of tuberculosis disease: a case-control study Open
Unique and shared gene expression pathways in each of four groups from the primary cohort: a group of cases and controls within each of the two clusters. Gene expression was from PBMC incubated with medium alone. (XLSX 22 kb)
View article: Lesion-Specific Immune Response in Granulomas of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Pilot Study
Lesion-Specific Immune Response in Granulomas of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Pilot Study Open
The formation and maintenance of granulomas is central to the host response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. It is widely accepted that the lungs of patients with tuberculosis (TB) usually contain multiple infection foci, and…