Gonzalo Bello
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View article: Genomic characterization, origin, and local transmission of Oropouche virus in Bolivia in 2024
Genomic characterization, origin, and local transmission of Oropouche virus in Bolivia in 2024 Open
This publication was in part supported by the Cooperative Agreement Number NU50CK000639 awarded to the Pan American Health Organization and funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
View article: Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus, Amazonas, Brazil, 2025
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus, Amazonas, Brazil, 2025 Open
We report the first detection of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus (VEEV) in residents of Tabatinga, Amazonas, Brazil, a tri-border region with Colombia and Peru. Brazilian and Peruvian sequences clustered together, suggesting potential…
View article: Countrywide Spread and Spatiotemporal Diffusion Dynamics of Oropouche virus in Cuba, 2024
Countrywide Spread and Spatiotemporal Diffusion Dynamics of Oropouche virus in Cuba, 2024 Open
Oropouche virus (OROV) was reported in Cuba in May 2024 and rapidly spread throughout the country. Among 147 RT-PCR-positive cases identified from May to July, we generated 39 whole-genome sequences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all…
View article: Reemergence of Oropouche in the Brazilian Amazon: A phylodynamic and phylogenetic analysis
Reemergence of Oropouche in the Brazilian Amazon: A phylodynamic and phylogenetic analysis Open
View article: Sustained Oropouche virus transmission in Rio de Janeiro’s Atlantic forest: genomic evidence over a two-year period
Sustained Oropouche virus transmission in Rio de Janeiro’s Atlantic forest: genomic evidence over a two-year period Open
Since January 2024, over 1,500 Oropouche virus (OROV) cases have been confirmed in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. Genomic analyses showed that a lineage introduced in Rio de Janeiro in early 2024 persisted throughout 2025, highligh…
View article: Increasing dengue outbreaks in temperate Brazil is linked to<i>Aedes aegypti</i>invasion and infestation level driving widespread virus transmission
Increasing dengue outbreaks in temperate Brazil is linked to<i>Aedes aegypti</i>invasion and infestation level driving widespread virus transmission Open
Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus (DENV), is the most important mosquito-borne disease impacting human health globally, it is particularly prevalent in tropical regions where Aedes vectors thrive. However, due to a recent expansion …
View article: Countrywide Spread and Spatiotemporal Diffusion Dynamics of Oropouche Virus in Cuba, 2024
Countrywide Spread and Spatiotemporal Diffusion Dynamics of Oropouche Virus in Cuba, 2024 Open
View article: Identification of polymorphisms associated with attenuation of Vif and Vpr in HIV-1 Elite Controllers
Identification of polymorphisms associated with attenuation of Vif and Vpr in HIV-1 Elite Controllers Open
BACKGROUND Elite controllers (ECs) are a rare subset of individuals who naturally suppress human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. Specific polymorphisms in the accessory proteins V…
View article: Genomic characterization, origin, and local transmission of Oropouche Virus in Bolivia in 2024
Genomic characterization, origin, and local transmission of Oropouche Virus in Bolivia in 2024 Open
Summary Background The Oropouche virus (OROV) is an arthropod-borne virus that causes an acute febrile illness similar to other arboviral diseases. In 2024, Oropouche cases sharply increased in several countries of the Americas, including …
View article: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB infections boost cross-variant neutralizing antibodies, potentially explaining the observed delay of the JN.1 wave in some Brazilian regions
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB infections boost cross-variant neutralizing antibodies, potentially explaining the observed delay of the JN.1 wave in some Brazilian regions Open
View article: Rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XDR lineage derived from recombination between XBB and BA.2.86 subvariants circulating in Brazil in late 2023
Rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XDR lineage derived from recombination between XBB and BA.2.86 subvariants circulating in Brazil in late 2023 Open
Recombination plays a crucial role in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2. The Omicron XBB* recombinant lineages are a noteworthy example, as they have been the dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant worldwide in the first half of 2023. Since November 2023, …
View article: Emergence of a novel reassortant Oropouche virus drives persistent human outbreaks in the Brazilian Amazon region from 2022 to 2024
Emergence of a novel reassortant Oropouche virus drives persistent human outbreaks in the Brazilian Amazon region from 2022 to 2024 Open
The Brazilian western Amazon region is currently experiencing its largest laboratory confirmed Oropouche virus (OROV) outbreak, with nearly 6,000 reported cases in the states of Amazonas (AM), Acre (AC), Rondônia (RO), and Roraima (RR), be…
View article: Rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XDR lineage derived from recombination between XBB and BA.2.86 subvariants circulating in Brazil in late 2023
Rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XDR lineage derived from recombination between XBB and BA.2.86 subvariants circulating in Brazil in late 2023 Open
Recombination plays a crucial role in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2. The Omicron XBB* recombinant lineages are a noteworthy example, as they have been the dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant worldwide in the first half of 2023. Since November 2023, …
View article: Emergence and dissemination of equine-like G3P[8] rotavirus A in Brazil between 2015 and 2021
Emergence and dissemination of equine-like G3P[8] rotavirus A in Brazil between 2015 and 2021 Open
Rotavirus A (RVA) is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis globally that is classically genotyped by its two immunodominant outer capsid proteins, VP7 (G-) and VP4 (P-). Recent evidence suggests that the reassortant equine-like G3P[8] str…
View article: Dispersion patterns of SARS-CoV-2 variants Gamma, Lambda and Mu in Latin America and the Caribbean
Dispersion patterns of SARS-CoV-2 variants Gamma, Lambda and Mu in Latin America and the Caribbean Open
View article: Spatiotemporal dynamics and epidemiological impact of SARS-CoV-2 XBB lineage dissemination in Brazil in 2023
Spatiotemporal dynamics and epidemiological impact of SARS-CoV-2 XBB lineage dissemination in Brazil in 2023 Open
The SARS-CoV-2 XBB is a group of highly immune-evasive lineages of the Omicron variant of concern that emerged by recombining BA.2-descendent lineages and spread worldwide during 2023. In this study, we combine SARS-CoV-2 genomic data ( n …
View article: HIV-1 controllers exhibit an enhanced antiretroviral innate state characterised by overexpression of p21 and MCPIP1 and silencing of ERVK-6 RNA expression
HIV-1 controllers exhibit an enhanced antiretroviral innate state characterised by overexpression of p21 and MCPIP1 and silencing of ERVK-6 RNA expression Open
These findings support the hypothesis that HICs activate innate antiviral mechanisms that may simultaneously downregulate the transcription of both exogenous (HIV-1) and endogenous (ERVK-6) retroviruses. Future studies with larger cohorts …
View article: Long-Range Spread and Sustained Transmission of Oropouche Virus Outside the Endemic Brazilian Amazon Region
Long-Range Spread and Sustained Transmission of Oropouche Virus Outside the Endemic Brazilian Amazon Region Open
View article: Spatiotemporal dynamics and epidemiological impact of SARS-CoV-2 XBB lineages dissemination in Brazil in 2023
Spatiotemporal dynamics and epidemiological impact of SARS-CoV-2 XBB lineages dissemination in Brazil in 2023 Open
The SARS-CoV-2 XBB is a group of highly immune-evasive lineages of the Omicron VOC that emerged by recombining BA.2-descendent lineages and spread worldwide during 2023. In this study, we combine SARS-CoV-2 genomic data ( n = 11,065 sequen…
View article: HIV-1 Controllers Exhibit an Enhanced Antiretroviral Innate State Characterized by Overexpression of p21 and MCPIP1 and Silencing of Endogenous Retroviruses
HIV-1 Controllers Exhibit an Enhanced Antiretroviral Innate State Characterized by Overexpression of p21 and MCPIP1 and Silencing of Endogenous Retroviruses Open
HIV-1 infection can activate the expression of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), particularly HERV-K (HML-2). HIV controllers (HICs) are rare people living with HIV (PLWH) who naturally control HIV-1 replication. The ability of HICs t…
View article: Multiple introductions and country-wide spread of DENV-2 genotype II (Cosmopolitan) in Brazil
Multiple introductions and country-wide spread of DENV-2 genotype II (Cosmopolitan) in Brazil Open
Dengue virus serotype 2, genotype Cosmopolitan (DENV-2-GII), is one of the most widespread DENV strains globally. In the USA, DENV-2 epidemics have been dominated by DENV-2 genotype Asian-American (DENV-2-GIII), and the first cases of DENV…
View article: Reemergence of Dengue Virus Serotype 3, Brazil, 2023
Reemergence of Dengue Virus Serotype 3, Brazil, 2023 Open
We characterized 3 autochthonous dengue virus serotype 3 cases and 1 imported case from 2 states in the North and South Regions of Brazil, 15 years after Brazil's last outbreak involving this serotype. We also identified a new Asian lineag…
View article: Multiple introductions and country-wide spread of DENV-2 genotype II (Cosmopolitan) in Brazil
Multiple introductions and country-wide spread of DENV-2 genotype II (Cosmopolitan) in Brazil Open
Dengue virus serotype 2, genotype Cosmopolitan (DENV-2-GII), is one of the most widespread DENV strains globally. In the Americas, DENV-2 epidemics has been dominated by DENV-2 genotype Asian-American (DENV-2-GIII) and the first cases of D…
View article: SARS-CoV-2 intra-host diversity, antibody response, and disease severity after reinfection by the variant of concern Gamma in Brazil
SARS-CoV-2 intra-host diversity, antibody response, and disease severity after reinfection by the variant of concern Gamma in Brazil Open
The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern (VOC) Gamma in Amazonas during early 2021 fueled a second large COVID-19 epidemic wave and raised concern about the potential role of reinfections. Very few cases of reinfection associa…
View article: Reemergence of Dengue Virus Serotype 3, Brazil, 2023
Reemergence of Dengue Virus Serotype 3, Brazil, 2023 Open
In 2023, three autochthonous DENV-3 cases were detected in Roraima and one imported case in Paraná, fifteen years after the last DENV-3 outbreak in Brazil. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed all belonging to a new Asian lineage recently intro…
View article: Comparative epidemic expansion of SARS-CoV-2 variants Delta and Omicron in the Brazilian State of Amazonas
Comparative epidemic expansion of SARS-CoV-2 variants Delta and Omicron in the Brazilian State of Amazonas Open
The SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) Delta and Omicron spread globally during mid and late 2021, respectively. In this study, we compare the dissemination dynamics of these VOCs in the Amazonas state, one of Brazil’s most heavily affe…
View article: Ongoing HIV-1 evolution and reservoir reseeding in two elite controllers with genetically diverse peripheral proviral quasispecies
Ongoing HIV-1 evolution and reservoir reseeding in two elite controllers with genetically diverse peripheral proviral quasispecies Open
BACKGROUND Elite controllers (EC) are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals who can maintain low viral loads for extended periods without antiretroviral therapy due to multifactorial and individual characteristics. Most h…
View article: Ongoing HIV-1 evolution and reservoir reseeding in two elite controllers with genetically diverse peripheral proviral quasispecies
Ongoing HIV-1 evolution and reservoir reseeding in two elite controllers with genetically diverse peripheral proviral quasispecies Open
These findings support that the high intra-host HIV-1 diversity of some EC resulted from long-term persistence of archival proviruses combined with the continuous reservoir's reseeding and low, but measurable, viral evolution despite undet…
View article: Comparative HIV-1 Proviral Dynamics in Two Individuals That Maintained Viral Replication Control with or without Antiretroviral Therapy following Superinfection
Comparative HIV-1 Proviral Dynamics in Two Individuals That Maintained Viral Replication Control with or without Antiretroviral Therapy following Superinfection Open
The analysis of the HIV-1 proviral dynamics after superinfection in the context of both natural and antiretroviral therapy (ART)-mediated suppression could yield unique insights into understanding the persistence of viral variants that see…
View article: Characterization of HIV-1 Transmission Clusters Inferred from the Brazilian Nationwide Genotyping Service Database
Characterization of HIV-1 Transmission Clusters Inferred from the Brazilian Nationwide Genotyping Service Database Open
The study of HIV-1 transmission networks inferred from viral genetic data can be used to clarify important factors about the dynamics of HIV-1 transmission, such as network growth rate and demographic composition. In Brazil, HIV transmissi…