Gordon T. Kennedy
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View article: Enhancing burn wound classification with ensemble learning using spatial frequency domain imaging applied to in-vivo porcine skin
Enhancing burn wound classification with ensemble learning using spatial frequency domain imaging applied to in-vivo porcine skin Open
Assessing burn severity is crucial for appropriate care and treatment to reduce the risk of scarring and infection. Currently, practitioners rely on visual and tactile assessments, which can be subjective and potentially misleading. A more…
View article: Polarized microscopy with picrosirius red: potential for reproducible burn depth grading
Polarized microscopy with picrosirius red: potential for reproducible burn depth grading Open
This research explores the challenges in accurately classifying burn severity and the limitations associated with traditional histology-based model training. Histology, often considered the gold standard for determining burn wound severity…
View article: Multimodal optical imaging of the oculofacial region using a solid tissue-simulating facial phantom
Multimodal optical imaging of the oculofacial region using a solid tissue-simulating facial phantom Open
We are the first to evaluate the geometric implications of wide-field imaging along the periocular region using a solid tissue-simulating facial phantom. Results suggest that the ITQ, INQ, STQ, and FH of a generalized face have minimal imp…
View article: Accurate burn wound categorization using an optimized spatial frequency domain imaging device and machine learning
Accurate burn wound categorization using an optimized spatial frequency domain imaging device and machine learning Open
Effective burn wound management is informed by accurate severity assessment. Superficial partial-thickness burns do not require surgical intervention, while deep partial-thickness and full-thickness burn wounds necessitate skin grafting to…
View article: Simultaneous imaging of shallow and deep tissues based on multi-line scanning
Simultaneous imaging of shallow and deep tissues based on multi-line scanning Open
We report a quantitative tissue imagining method that combines spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) by using an illumination of multiple scanned lines. SFDI is suitable for measuring superficial and…
View article: Review of machine learning for optical imaging of burn wound severity assessment
Review of machine learning for optical imaging of burn wound severity assessment Open
The field would benefit from systematic analysis of the effects of different input data modalities, training/testing sets, and ML classifiers on the reported accuracy. Despite this current limitation, ML-based algorithms show significant p…
View article: Early detection of cutaneous neurofibromas using spatial frequency domain imaging and optical coherence tomography
Early detection of cutaneous neurofibromas using spatial frequency domain imaging and optical coherence tomography Open
Cutaneous neurofibromas (cNF) appear commonly in neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) patients. cNFs usually appear in the skin at puberty and proliferate with increasing numbers and sizes throughout life. If cNFs can be detected and treated in …
View article: Motion-resistant three-wavelength spatial frequency domain imaging system with ambient light suppression using an 8-tap CMOS image sensor
Motion-resistant three-wavelength spatial frequency domain imaging system with ambient light suppression using an 8-tap CMOS image sensor Open
We demonstrated the potential for motion-resistant three-wavelength SFDI system with ambient light suppression using an 8-tap CIS.
View article: Quantitative hemodynamic imaging: a method to correct the effects of optical properties on laser speckle imaging
Quantitative hemodynamic imaging: a method to correct the effects of optical properties on laser speckle imaging Open
We developed a wide-field QHI system to account for the confounding effects of optical properties on CBF LSI measurements using the information obtained from SFDI.
View article: Assessing multimodal optical imaging of perfusion in burn wounds
Assessing multimodal optical imaging of perfusion in burn wounds Open
View article: Spatial frequency domain imager based on a compact multiaperture camera: testing and feasibility for noninvasive burn severity assessment
Spatial frequency domain imager based on a compact multiaperture camera: testing and feasibility for noninvasive burn severity assessment Open
We demonstrate the potential for SFDI to be translated into compact form factor using a compound-eye camera that is capable of obtaining multiple wavelengths channels simultaneously.
View article: Characterizing reduced scattering coefficient of normal human skin across different anatomic locations and Fitzpatrick skin types using spatial frequency domain imaging
Characterizing reduced scattering coefficient of normal human skin across different anatomic locations and Fitzpatrick skin types using spatial frequency domain imaging Open
Our study is the first report of wide-field mapping of human skin scattering properties across multiple skin types and anatomical locations using SFDI. Measured μs' values varied notably between skin types at wavelengths where absorption f…
View article: Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI) of clinical burns: A case report
Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI) of clinical burns: A case report Open
While visual assessment by a clinician is the standard of care for burn severity evaluations, new technologies at various stages of development are attempting to add objectivity to this practice by quantifying burn severity. Assessment acc…
View article: Spatial frequency domain imaging: a quantitative, noninvasive tool for in vivo monitoring of burn wound and skin graft healing
Spatial frequency domain imaging: a quantitative, noninvasive tool for in vivo monitoring of burn wound and skin graft healing Open
There is a need for noninvasive, quantitative methods to characterize wound healing in the context of longitudinal investigations related to regenerative medicine. Such tools have the potential to inform the assessment of wound status and …
View article: Hyperspectral imaging in the spatial frequency domain with a supercontinuum source
Hyperspectral imaging in the spatial frequency domain with a supercontinuum source Open
We introduce a method for quantitative hyperspectral optical imaging in the spatial frequency domain (hs-SFDI) to image tissue absorption (μa) and reduced scattering (μs') parameters over a broad spectral range. The hs-SFDI utilizes princi…
View article: Burn wound classification model using spatial frequency-domain imaging and machine learning
Burn wound classification model using spatial frequency-domain imaging and machine learning Open
Accurate assessment of burn severity is critical for wound care and the course of treatment. Delays in classification translate to delays in burn management, increasing the risk of scarring and infection. To this end, numerous imaging tech…
View article: Impact of hemoglobin breakdown products in the spectral analysis of burn wounds using spatial frequency domain spectroscopy
Impact of hemoglobin breakdown products in the spectral analysis of burn wounds using spatial frequency domain spectroscopy Open
Burn wounds and wound healing invoke several biological processes that may complicate the interpretation of spectral imaging data. Through analysis of spatial frequency domain spectroscopy data (450 to 1000 nm) obtained from longitudinal i…
View article: Heterogeneity in tumor chromatin-doxorubicin binding revealed by in vivo fluorescence lifetime imaging confocal endomicroscopy
Heterogeneity in tumor chromatin-doxorubicin binding revealed by in vivo fluorescence lifetime imaging confocal endomicroscopy Open
We present an approach to quantify drug–target engagement using in vivo fluorescence endomicroscopy, validated with in vitro measurements. Doxorubicin binding to chromatin changes the fluorescence lifetime of histone-GFP fusions that we me…
View article: Solid tissue simulating phantoms having absorption at 970 nm for diffuse optics
Solid tissue simulating phantoms having absorption at 970 nm for diffuse optics Open
Tissue simulating phantoms can provide a valuable platform for quantitative evaluation of the performance of diffuse optical devices. While solid phantoms have been developed for applications related to characterizing exogenous fluorescenc…