Govind Nair
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View article: Serotonergic and Dopaminergic Function in Neuropsychiatrically Asymptomatic People With <scp>HIV</scp> on Antiretroviral Therapy
Serotonergic and Dopaminergic Function in Neuropsychiatrically Asymptomatic People With <span>HIV</span> on Antiretroviral Therapy Open
Objective People with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) still experience neurocognitive dysfunction and accelerated brain volume loss. To assess whether the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems are affected, we used [ 11 C]DASB po…
View article: Quantitative <scp>T1</scp> is sensitive to cortical remyelination in multiple sclerosis: A postmortem <scp>MRI</scp> study
Quantitative <span>T1</span> is sensitive to cortical remyelination in multiple sclerosis: A postmortem <span>MRI</span> study Open
Remyelination of cortical lesions in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) has been shown to be extensive. In this work, we aimed to assess whether postmortem quantitative MRI (qMRI) can help detect those areas. We imaged six fixed whole b…
View article: An evaluation of image-based and statistical techniques for harmonizing brain volume measurements
An evaluation of image-based and statistical techniques for harmonizing brain volume measurements Open
Volumetric analysis of magnetic resonance brain images is often complicated by variations in scanner hardware, software, and acquisition settings. Over the past several years, there has been an increase in the use of retrospective harmoniz…
View article: T2 contrast variation in human brain at 7 T and its potential contributors
T2 contrast variation in human brain at 7 T and its potential contributors Open
Magnetic susceptibility-weighted MRI (or T2*-weighted MRI) at 7 T and higher field strengths has shown superb sensitivity to study normal and pathological levels of non-heme (tissue) iron and myelin in the brain. However, macroscopic field…
View article: Cortical lesions are common in a longitudinal progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy cohort
Cortical lesions are common in a longitudinal progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy cohort Open
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) cortical lesions have been noted on pathology but have not been studied in vivo. We aimed to characterize cortical lesions in PML and their clinical associations using in vivo MRI. Cortical …
View article: High‐Field‐Blinded Assessment of Portable Ultra‐Low‐Field Brain MRI for Multiple Sclerosis
High‐Field‐Blinded Assessment of Portable Ultra‐Low‐Field Brain MRI for Multiple Sclerosis Open
Background and Purpose MRI is crucial for multiple sclerosis (MS), but the relative value of portable ultra‐low field MRI (pULF‐MRI), a technology that holds promise for extending access to MRI, is unknown. We assessed white matter lesion …
View article: Radiological Changes in the Spinal Cord and Brain of Patients with HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP)
Radiological Changes in the Spinal Cord and Brain of Patients with HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP) Open
HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a chronic, progressive neurological disorder and shares many radiological and clinical features with other more prevalent myelopathies. Here, we quantified spinal cord …
View article: Cardiovascular Disease, Brain Glucose Metabolism, and Neurocognitive Decline in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Cardiovascular Disease, Brain Glucose Metabolism, and Neurocognitive Decline in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Open
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and neuroinflammation are thought to exacerbate neurocognitive dysfunction in treated people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). Here, we longitudinally measured brain glucose metabolism as a me…
View article: Radiological Changes in Spinal Cord and Brain of Patients with HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP)
Radiological Changes in Spinal Cord and Brain of Patients with HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP) Open
HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a chronic progressive neurological disorder and shares many radiological and clinical features with other more prevalent myelopathies. Here, we quantified spinal cord a…
View article: PARE: A framework for removal of confounding effects from any distance-based dimension reduction method
PARE: A framework for removal of confounding effects from any distance-based dimension reduction method Open
Dimension reduction tools preserving similarity and graph structure such as t -SNE and UMAP can capture complex biological patterns in high-dimensional data. However, these tools typically are not designed to separate effects of interest f…
View article: Super resolution using sparse sampling at portable ultra-low field MR
Super resolution using sparse sampling at portable ultra-low field MR Open
Ultra-low field (ULF) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) holds the potential to make MRI more accessible, given its cost-effectiveness, reduced power requirements, and portability. However, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) drops with field streng…
View article: Fusion/fission protein family identification in Archaea
Fusion/fission protein family identification in Archaea Open
The majority of newly discovered archaeal lineages remain without a cultivated representative, but scarce experimental data from the cultivated organisms show that they harbor distinct functional repertoires. To unveil the ecological as we…
View article: White and Gray Matter Changes are Associated With Neurocognitive Decline in <scp>HIV</scp> Infection
White and Gray Matter Changes are Associated With Neurocognitive Decline in <span>HIV</span> Infection Open
Objective To investigate the relationship between neurocognitive deficits and structural changes on brain magnetic resonance imaging in people living with HIV (PLWH) with good virological control on combination antiretroviral therapy, comp…
View article: Microenvironment Shapes Small Cell Lung Cancer Neuroendocrine States and Presents Therapeutic Opportunities
Microenvironment Shapes Small Cell Lung Cancer Neuroendocrine States and Presents Therapeutic Opportunities Open
Summary Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most fatal form of lung cancer. Intra-tumoral heterogeneity, marked by neuroendocrine (NE) and non-neuroendocrine (non-NE) cell states, defines SCLC, but the drivers of SCLC plasticity are poorl…
View article: Postmortem MRI of Tissue Frozen at Autopsy
Postmortem MRI of Tissue Frozen at Autopsy Open
Introduction Postmortem MRI provides insight into location of pathology within tissue blocks, enabling efficient targeting of histopathological studies. While postmortem imaging of fixed tissue is gaining popularity, imaging tissue frozen …
View article: Contribution of new and chronic cortical lesions to disability accrual in multiple sclerosis
Contribution of new and chronic cortical lesions to disability accrual in multiple sclerosis Open
Cortical lesions are common in multiple sclerosis and are associated with disability and progressive disease. We asked whether cortical lesions continue to form in people with stable white matter lesions and whether the association of cort…
View article: Fatigue in early multiple sclerosis: MRI metrics of neuroinflammation, relapse and neurodegeneration
Fatigue in early multiple sclerosis: MRI metrics of neuroinflammation, relapse and neurodegeneration Open
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease affecting the brain and spinal cord. Fatigue is a common disabling symptom from MS onset, however the mechanisms by which underlying disease processes cause fatig…
View article: Characteristics, Prevalence, and Clinical Relevance of Juxtacortical Paramagnetic Rims in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Characteristics, Prevalence, and Clinical Relevance of Juxtacortical Paramagnetic Rims in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Open
JPRs are a novel potential MRI biomarker of focal cortical demyelination, which seems related to global cortical pathology and might be useful for diagnostic and stratification purposes in a clinical setting.
View article: Pseudo-Label Assisted nnU-Net enables automatic segmentation of 7T MRI from a single acquisition
Pseudo-Label Assisted nnU-Net enables automatic segmentation of 7T MRI from a single acquisition Open
Introduction Automatic whole brain and lesion segmentation at 7T presents challenges, primarily from bias fields, susceptibility artifacts including distortions, and registration errors. Here, we sought to use deep learning algorithms (D/L…
View article: Developing Semiautomated Methods to Measure Pre- and Postoperative Syrinx Volumes
Developing Semiautomated Methods to Measure Pre- and Postoperative Syrinx Volumes Open
Neurosurgeons evaluate MRI scans to document whether surgical treatment has reduced syrinx size. Manual measurement of syrinx volume is time-consuming and potentially introduces operator error and bias. Developing convenient semiautomated …
View article: Cortical lesions uniquely predict motor disability accrual and form rarely in the absence of new white matter lesions in multiple sclerosis
Cortical lesions uniquely predict motor disability accrual and form rarely in the absence of new white matter lesions in multiple sclerosis Open
Background and objectives Cortical lesions (CL) are common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and associate with disability and progressive disease. We asked whether CL continue to form in people with stable white matter lesions (WML) and whether …
View article: Intersite brain MRI volumetric biases persist even in a harmonized multisubject study of multiple sclerosis
Intersite brain MRI volumetric biases persist even in a harmonized multisubject study of multiple sclerosis Open
Background and Purpose Multicenter study designs involving a variety of MRI scanners have become increasingly common. However, these present the issue of biases in image‐based measures due to scanner or site differences. To assess these bi…
View article: Highly Sensitive 3-Tesla Real Inversion Recovery MRI Detects Leptomeningeal Contrast Enhancement in Chronic Active Multiple Sclerosis
Highly Sensitive 3-Tesla Real Inversion Recovery MRI Detects Leptomeningeal Contrast Enhancement in Chronic Active Multiple Sclerosis Open
Background Leptomeningeal contrast enhancement (LME) on T2-weighted Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (T2-FLAIR) MRI is a reported marker of leptomeningeal inflammation, which is known to be associated with progression of multiple sclero…
View article: Deep Phenotyping of Neurologic Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Deep Phenotyping of Neurologic Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Open
CSF immune dysregulation and neurocirculatory abnormalities after SARS-CoV-2 infection in the setting of disabling neuro-PASC call for further evaluation to confirm these changes and explore immunomodulatory treatments in the context of cl…
View article: Neurocognitive Dysfunction With Neuronal Injury in People With HIV on Long-Duration Antiretroviral Therapy
Neurocognitive Dysfunction With Neuronal Injury in People With HIV on Long-Duration Antiretroviral Therapy Open
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Neurologic outcomes in people with HIV (PWH) on long-duration antiretroviral therapy (ART) are not fully understood, and the underlying pathophysiology is unclear. To address this, we established a cohort of such…