Explanipedia

Immune response to co-administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and contraceptive vaccines in badgers (Meles meles) Open

Kate L. Palphramand, Paul J. Anderson, Fiona Bellamy, Colin Birch, Dipesh Davé , et al. · 2025

Controlling bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in livestock is often hindered by the presence of a wildlife reservoir, such as the Eurasian badger in the UK and Ireland. Vaccinating badgers against bTB can reduce the severity of Mycobacterium bovis…

Assessing the success of a horizon scanning approach in predicting invasive non‐native species arrival Open

Jodey Peyton, Stephanie Rorke, Oliver L. Pescott, Katharina Dehnen‐Schmutz, David G. Noble , et al. · 2025

Despite increasing awareness of invasive non‐native species (INNS) and enhanced biosecurity controls in many countries, INNS are still arriving and establishing in new destinations, remaining a globally acknowledged threat to native biodiv…

Machine learning augmented diagnostic testing to identify sources of variability in test performance Open

Christopher J. Banks, Aeron Sanchez, V. C. Stewart, Kate Bowen, T. Doherty , et al. · 2025

Diagnostic tests that can detect pre-clinical or sub-clinical infection, are one of the most powerful tools in our armoury of weapons to control infectious diseases. Considerable effort has been paid to improving diagnostic testing for hum…

Predicting the distribution of common wild mammal species across Europe - are there sufficient occurrence data? Open

Simon Croft, DA Warren, JA Blanco‐Aguiar, Graham Smith · 2025

Knowledge of where wildlife species are and in what number is critical to support robust contingency planning for diseases affecting animal and human health. For common widespread species in particular, comprehensive surveillance is imprac…

Mapping wild boar density across Europe: combining spatial models and density estimates Open

Graham Smith, Joaquín Vicente, Simon Croft, Daniel A. Warren, José Blanco , et al. · 2025

The wild boar population in Europe has been growing in recent decades prior to the arrival of African swine fever (ASF), which has now spread across much of eastern Europe. We combined two independent sources of wild boar data: occurrence …

Establishment, current status and possible origin of the greater white-toothed shrew Crocidura russula in Great Britain Open

Graham Smith, I. A. Bond, Terry Coult, Dan Henderson, C. Graham , et al. · 2025

Great Britain has three native shrews, while the greater white-toothed shrew (GWT: Crocidura russula ) is native to the European continent and some Channel islands. The GWT shrew was first reported in northern England in 2022. We detail it…

Bovine tuberculosis model validation against a field study of badger vaccination with selective culling Open

Graham Smith, Richard Budgey · 2025

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a costly disease in Britain and Ireland shared by cattle and badgers ( Meles meles ), and to reduce the infection in cattle to low levels some form of badger management is considered necessary. We compare the r…

Identifying and prioritising conflicts between human and wildlife interests in Great Britain: a scoping review Open

Kate L. Palphramand, D. Cowan, Daniel A. Warren, Graham Smith · 2025

Where conflicts arise between wildlife and humans, there is often the need to mitigate the impacts. Identifying what conflicts are occurring is essential for informed decision-making. A scoping review was conducted to identify conflicts as…

Genomic surveillance uncovers regional variation in HCV transmission networks among people who use drugs in rural U.S. communities Open

Damien C. Tully, David C. Bean, Jacklyn Sarette, T. Ngo, Karen A. Power , et al. · 2025

Assessing Fine-Scale Urban Green and Blue Infrastructure Change in Manchester, UK: A Spatiotemporal Analysis Framework to Support Environmental Land Use Management Open

Fraser L. Baker, Graham Smith, Stuart J. Marsden, Gina Cavan · 2025

Understanding changes in urban green and blue infrastructure (UGBI) associated with land use management can inform planners on trends in environmental change that may impact urban resilience. While UGBI change resulting from land use conve…

Tuberculosis in found dead badgers at the edge of the expanding bovine tuberculosis epidemic Open

S. J. Powell, Nicola Dessi, Malcolm Bennett, Belinda Wang, Andrew Robertson , et al. · 2025

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a major disease of cattle in the UK, placing a significant economic burden on the taxpayer. The causative agent, Mycobacterium bovis , has a wide host range, including the European badger ( Meles meles) . While…

Investigating the greater white-toothed shrew invasion in Great Britain Open

Graham Smith, I. A. Bond, Terry Coult, Dan Henderson, C. Graham , et al. · 2025

The greater white-toothed shrew (GWT: Crocidura russula) was first reported in northern England in 2022. We detail the immediate investigation through national authorities, non-government bodies and individuals. Among 595 small mammals cap…

Bovine tuberculosis model validation against a field study of badger vaccination with selective culling Open

Graham Smith, Richard Budgey · 2025

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a costly disease in Britain and Ireland shared by cattle and badgers ( Meles meles ), and to reduce the infection in cattle to low levels some form of badger management is considered necessary. We compare the re…

Predicting the distribution of common wild mammal species across Europe - are there sufficient occurrence data? Open

Simon Croft, Daniel Warren, José Blanco, Graham Smith · 2025

Context: Knowledge of where wildlife species are and in what number is critical to support robust contingency planning for diseases affecting animal and human health. For common widespread species in particular, comprehensive surveillance …

A Randomized Clinical Study Investigating the Stain Removal Efficacy of Two Experimental Dentifrices Open

Charles R. Parkinson, Gary R. Burnett, Graham Smith, Manish Man Pradhan, John Gallob , et al. · 2025

Objective This study aims to evaluate extrinsic tooth stain removal and whitening efficacy of two experimental dentifrices containing (i) 5% sodium tripolyphosphate (STP)/1% micronized alumina or (ii) 5% STP/1% micronized alumina with abra…

Rigidity of the hyperbolic marked energy spectrum and entropy for $k$-surfaces Open

Sébastien Alvarez, Ben Lowe, Graham Smith · 2024

Labourie raised the question of determining the possible asymptotics for the growth rate of compact $k$-surfaces, counted according to energy, in negatively curved $3$-manifolds, indicating the possibility of a theory of thermodynamical fo…

Tuberculosis in found dead badgers at the edge of the expanding bovine tuberculosis epidemic. Open

S. J. Powell, Nicola Dessi, Malcolm Bennett, Belinda Wang, Andrew Robertson , et al. · 2024

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a major disease of cattle in the UK, placing a significant economic burden on the taxpayer. The causative agent, Mycobacterium bovis, has a wide host range, including the European badger (Meles meles). While ba…

Generating wildlife density data across Europe in the framework of the European Observatory of Wildlife (EOW) Open

T Guerrasio, Davide Carniato, P Acevedo, M Apollonio, Marine Arakelyan , et al. · 2024

The European Observatory of Wildlife EOW, as part of the ENETWILD project, represents a collaborative network that has been operating since 2021 to develop and implement standardized protocols to obtain harmonized data on distribution and …

Implementation of an EMS‐based naloxone distribution program: A qualitative evaluation Open

Emily E. Ager, Ella K. Purington, Michael Purdy, Brian Benenati, J.E. Baker , et al. · 2024

The utility of whole-genome sequencing to identify likely transmission pairs for pathogens with slow and variable evolution Open

Anthony J. Wood, Clare H. Benton, Richard J. Delahay, Glenn Marion, Eleftheria Palkopoulou , et al. · 2024

Pathogen whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has been used to track the transmission of infectious diseases in extraordinary detail, especially for pathogens that undergo fast and steady evolution, as is the case with many RNA viruses. However, …

Modelling wild boar abundance at high resolution Open

Simon Croft, José Blanco, Pelayo Acevedo, Sonia Illanas, Joaquín Vicente , et al. · 2024

By using the latest available data, we provide estimates of wild boar (Sus scrofa) distribution and abundance pre‐African Swine Fever (ASF) based on occurrence data in Europe. Secondly, as a basis for the calibration model output into dens…

Climate resilience in the desert areas of Egypt Open

Judith Bunbury, Piers Litherland, Jenny Litherland, Kelly Accetta Crowe, Bryony Smerdon , et al. · 2024

Today the Saharan region is known as a hyper-arid environment with minimal human activity outside the few oases. However, archaeological evidence suggests that, in the past, the landscape was more accessible and that settlements sprang up …

Early intranasal medication administration in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest: Two randomized simulation trials Open

Stephen R. Dowker, Madison L. Downey, Noor K. Majhail, Isabella G. Scott, Jonah Mathisson , et al. · 2024

INMA in LR resuscitation was associated with diminished resuscitation performance. INMA by FR did not impede key times or quality.

3rd Annual General Meeting of ENETWILD Brussels - 24-25th May 2023 Open

ENETwild consortium, Kamila Plis, Gomez Molina A, Marco Apollonio, Jim Casaer , et al. · 2023

The 3^rd Annual General Meeting (AGM) held in Brussels in May 2023 brought together experts and stakeholders specializing in wildlife health, ecology, and management to share developments and best practices in wildlife monitoring…

A guidance on how to start up a national wildlife population monitoring program harmonizable at European level Open

Pelayo Acevedo, Marco Apollonio, José Blanco, Jim Casaer, Javier Fernández López , et al. · 2023

Wildlife policy makers and managers face challenges in taking decisions and dealing with the complexity of international context, and often operate without informed decision-making frameworks. This situation evidences the need of a harmoni…

Improvement of information technology tools to collect, process and analyse data on wildlife population Open

Jim Casaer, Patrick A. Jansen, David B. Roy, PA Stephens, JA Blanco‐Aguiar , et al. · 2023

ENETWILD consortium with the collaboration of the MammalNet project2 has promoted some informatic tools to improve the data collection of wildlife distribution and abundance: iMammalia; MammalWeb and Agouti. Here we update the activities i…

MAMMALNET – Citizen Science Data Collection from a One Health Perspective Open

Graham Smith, David B. Roy, Philip A. Stephens, Jim Casaer, Patrick A. Jansen , et al. · 2023

The ambition of One Health (OH) is to focus on people, animals and the ecosystem equally (Tripartite and UNEP support OHHLEP’s definition of “One Health” (who.int)). This requires adequate data on wildlife. MAMMALNET is a European consorti…

On complete maximal submanifolds in pseudo-hyperbolic space Open

Andrea Seppi, Graham Smith, Jérémy Toulisse · 2023

We provide a full classification of complete maximal $p$-dimensional spacelike submanifolds in the pseudo-hyperbolic space $\mathbf{H}^{p,q}$, and we study its applications to Teichmüller theory and to the theory of Anosov representations …

How do current police practices impact trauma care in the prehospital setting? A scoping review Open

Rama A. Salhi, Sonia Iyengar, Brianna da Silva Bhatia, Graham Smith, Michele Heisler · 2023

Feral American mink <i>Neogale vison</i> continues to expand its European range: time to harmonise population monitoring and coordinate control Open

Rachele Vada, Sonia Illanas, Pelayo Acevedo, Tim Adriaens, Marco Apollonio , et al. · 2023

The American mink Neogale vison is an invasive alien species in Europe that threatens endemic biodiversity and can transmit zoonotic diseases, including the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. The last attempt to map the geographic range of this species in …

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