Gregg Sparkman
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View article: Impact of messaging treatments on stages of change in relational organizing for climate-friendly plant-based diets
Impact of messaging treatments on stages of change in relational organizing for climate-friendly plant-based diets Open
To achieve rapid, widespread voluntary behavior change for climate change mitigation and other pro-social causes, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the value of relational organizing. Relational organizing involves enlistin…
View article: Assessing the Role of Culture in Moderating Social Norm Interventions: A Global Experiment
Assessing the Role of Culture in Moderating Social Norm Interventions: A Global Experiment Open
Social norms have a reliable and oftentimes strong influence on individual attitudes and behaviors across environmental and other domains. This influence has been theorized to differ by cultural tightness—the extent to which people adhere …
View article: Measuring contrarianism: Conceptual framework and scale validation
Measuring contrarianism: Conceptual framework and scale validation Open
View article: Dynamic norm perceptions and meat consumption: the moderating role of meat-related intrapersonal psychological factors
Dynamic norm perceptions and meat consumption: the moderating role of meat-related intrapersonal psychological factors Open
View article: What will it take to mitigate climate change? Maximizing norm transmission and potency for change-accelerating outcomes
What will it take to mitigate climate change? Maximizing norm transmission and potency for change-accelerating outcomes Open
View article: Americans and policymakers underestimate endorsement for the most popular climate solution narrative, combining personal and political action
Americans and policymakers underestimate endorsement for the most popular climate solution narrative, combining personal and political action Open
A wide variety of existing narratives describe how we might address climate change. Which of these approaches is popular among the American public? Do the general public and their elected officials accurately perceive which climate solutio…
View article: Most Christian American religious leaders silently believe in climate change, and informing their congregation can help open dialogue
Most Christian American religious leaders silently believe in climate change, and informing their congregation can help open dialogue Open
Religious leaders shape the attitudes and beliefs of their congregations. In a nationally representative sample of U.S. religious leaders ( N = 1,600), the majority of which were of a Christian faith, we find that nearly 90% believe in ant…
View article: Using norm networks to map cultural differences in predictors of proenvironmental behavior in the United States and India.
Using norm networks to map cultural differences in predictors of proenvironmental behavior in the United States and India. Open
View article: Measuring Contrarianism: Conceptual Framework and Scale Validation
Measuring Contrarianism: Conceptual Framework and Scale Validation Open
View article: Current research practices on pro-environmental behavior: A survey of environmental psychologists
Current research practices on pro-environmental behavior: A survey of environmental psychologists Open
The study of pro-environmental behavior is foundational to environmental psychology. However, there is no dominant framework for categorizing behaviors (e.g., diet/travel; public/private; consumer/advocate) nor an umbrella theory for expla…
View article: When are Prosocial Institutional Signals Seen as Genuine? The Role of Politics and Institutional Characteristics
When are Prosocial Institutional Signals Seen as Genuine? The Role of Politics and Institutional Characteristics Open
We explore the complex dynamics of public perceptions of institutional prosocial signaling, specifically examining how these perceptions are influenced by the political leaning of both the institutions and the perceivers. Through a series …
View article: When are Prosocial Institutional Signals Seen as Genuine? The Role of Politics and Institutional Characteristics
When are Prosocial Institutional Signals Seen as Genuine? The Role of Politics and Institutional Characteristics Open
We explore the complex dynamics of public perceptions of institutional prosocial signaling, specifically examining how these perceptions are influenced by the political leaning of both the institutions and the perceivers. Through a series …
View article: The expressive function of public policy: renewable energy mandates signal social norms
The expressive function of public policy: renewable energy mandates signal social norms Open
Addressing collective action problems requires individuals to engage in coordinated and cooperative behaviours. Existing research suggests that individuals' propensity to work together depends in part on their belief that others support th…
View article: Beyond the single norm: how social perceptions connect in a norm network
Beyond the single norm: how social perceptions connect in a norm network Open
Our actions may be influenced not just by one norm, but by many interconnected norm perceptions. If so, how are such norm networks structured and how do they operate? Are norm prevalence perceptions in a population connected by similarity …
View article: Who will encourage a sustainable diet? Understanding the psychological predictors of relational organizing
Who will encourage a sustainable diet? Understanding the psychological predictors of relational organizing Open
Why do (or do not) people encourage others in their social networks to adopt climate-friendly behaviors? Encouragement like this has been referred to as “relational organizing,” and can help scale up climate action across communities. Sinc…
View article: Like me or near me? Assessing which norm referents best promote energy conservation in the field
Like me or near me? Assessing which norm referents best promote energy conservation in the field Open
Messages about what others typically do are increasingly used to encourage sustainable behaviors. The effectiveness of such social norm interventions hinges on selecting an appropriate referent group. However, it is unclear which character…
View article: The Role of Threat and Political Opposition in Perceptions of Pronoun Sharing as Reputation Signaling
The Role of Threat and Political Opposition in Perceptions of Pronoun Sharing as Reputation Signaling Open
People sometimes perceive others as reputation signaling when they see them as inauthentically engaging in a virtuous behavior to enhance their own reputation. But such perceptions—and accusations of “virtue signaling”—may be motivated by …
View article: Americans experience a false social reality by underestimating popular climate policy support by nearly half
Americans experience a false social reality by underestimating popular climate policy support by nearly half Open
View article: Like Me or Near Me? Assessing Which Norm Referents Best Promote Energy Conservation in a Field Study
Like Me or Near Me? Assessing Which Norm Referents Best Promote Energy Conservation in a Field Study Open
Messages about what others typically do—descriptive social norms—are increasingly used to encourage sustainable behaviors. The effectiveness of norm interventions hinges on selecting an appropriate referent group, yet what makes norm refer…
View article: Beyond Virtue Signaling: Perceived Motivations for Pronoun Sharing
Beyond Virtue Signaling: Perceived Motivations for Pronoun Sharing Open
Sharing one’s pronouns when introducing oneself is an emerging practice intended to prevent assumptions of what pronouns to use when referring to others. This practice may make people comfortable sharing their pronouns so that they are not…
View article: Cut back or give it up? The effectiveness of reduce and eliminate appeals and dynamic norm messaging to curb meat consumption
Cut back or give it up? The effectiveness of reduce and eliminate appeals and dynamic norm messaging to curb meat consumption Open
Research has recently started investigating possible methods to encourage consumers to reduce meat consumption. However, few studies examine highly scalable messaging techniques, whether they have long-term effects, and how to best craft s…
View article: How social norms are often a barrier to addressing climate change but can be part of the solution
How social norms are often a barrier to addressing climate change but can be part of the solution Open
We argue that the behavioral challenges posed by climate change are fundamentally problems of social influence. Behaviors that perpetuate climate change are often opaque in their consequences; thus, we look to others to infer how to act. Y…
View article: Developing a Scalable Dynamic Norm Menu-Based Intervention to Reduce Meat Consumption
Developing a Scalable Dynamic Norm Menu-Based Intervention to Reduce Meat Consumption Open
How can we curb the current norm of unsustainable levels of meat consumption? Research on dynamic norms finds that learning that others are starting to eat less meat can inspire people to follow suit. Across four field experiments, we test…
View article: "Reduce" or "Go Veg"? Effects on Meal Choice
"Reduce" or "Go Veg"? Effects on Meal Choice Open
This experimental study was conducted on a university campus in Canada. Participants (n = 617) watched a video, answered a short survey, and were asked whether they would take one of two pledges: either to reduce meat in their diet or to s…
View article: The Importance of Time and Space: A Multidimensional Assessment of How Citizens Discount Policy Consequences
The Importance of Time and Space: A Multidimensional Assessment of How Citizens Discount Policy Consequences Open
View article: Experiment 1-5 Materials
Experiment 1-5 Materials Open
Materials for Experiment 1-5