Gregory P. Sutton
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View article: Fit for purpose? Analysis of the relationship between skull, beak shape and feeding ecology in Psittaciformes
Fit for purpose? Analysis of the relationship between skull, beak shape and feeding ecology in Psittaciformes Open
Psittaciformes have a broad distribution across the southern hemisphere, and this wide ecological range is coupled with high levels of morphological diversity, particularly in the skull and beak structure, which has been previously linked …
View article: Jumping up a level: Target distance and angle estimation facilitates successful landing in a jumping glass katydid
Jumping up a level: Target distance and angle estimation facilitates successful landing in a jumping glass katydid Open
Jumping is one of the most used forms of locomotion by insects, and a characteristic trait of the Orthoptera (locusts, crickets, and allies). Their specialized jumping behaviors have evolved for various functions, including travel, predato…
View article: Bio-inspiration from the <i>Issus</i> Nymph gear − strength analysis
Bio-inspiration from the <i>Issus</i> Nymph gear − strength analysis Open
Planthoppers are champion jumpers. Adult specimens are propelled by rapid movements of the hind legs, which can launch them a horizontal distance of 1.1 m with a take-off speed of 5.5 m/s, demonstrating high power output. The planthopper I…
View article: RNAi of the elastomeric protein resilin reduces jump velocity and resilience to damage in locusts
RNAi of the elastomeric protein resilin reduces jump velocity and resilience to damage in locusts Open
Resilin, an elastomeric protein with remarkable physical properties that outperforms synthetic rubbers, is a near-ubiquitous feature of the power amplification mechanisms used by jumping insects. Catapult-like mechanisms, which incorporate…
View article: Kinematics and energetics of the desert locust (<i>Schistocerca gregaria</i>) when jumping from compliant surfaces
Kinematics and energetics of the desert locust (<i>Schistocerca gregaria</i>) when jumping from compliant surfaces Open
Animals often leap from substrates that give way under them, such as leaves, soft ground or flexible branches. This provides an added complexity for latch-mediated spring-actuated (LaMSA) jumping animals because the spring-loaded system of…
View article: Estimated and in vivo measurements of bite force demonstrate exceptionally large bite forces in parrots (Psittaciformes)
Estimated and in vivo measurements of bite force demonstrate exceptionally large bite forces in parrots (Psittaciformes) Open
Jaw morphology and function determine the range of dietary items that an organism can consume. Bite force is a function of the force exerted by the jaw musculature and applied via the skeleton. Bite force has been studied in a wide range o…
View article: Incorporating buccal mass planar mechanics and anatomical features improves neuromechanical modeling of<i>Aplysia</i>feeding behavior
Incorporating buccal mass planar mechanics and anatomical features improves neuromechanical modeling of<i>Aplysia</i>feeding behavior Open
To understand how behaviors arise in animals, it is necessary to investigate both the neural circuits and the biomechanics of the periphery. A tractable model system for studying multifunctional control is the feeding apparatus of the mari…
View article: Effects of body mass and taxonomic order on the masses of functionally classified groups of the jaw musculature in birds
Effects of body mass and taxonomic order on the masses of functionally classified groups of the jaw musculature in birds Open
There is increasing interest from evolutionary biologists in the evolution of avian bill shape, how the bill is used during feeding and, in particular, the bite forces the bill can deliver. Bite force exhibits isometry with the total mass …
View article: A computational neural model that incorporates both intrinsic dynamics and sensory feedback in the Aplysia feeding network
A computational neural model that incorporates both intrinsic dynamics and sensory feedback in the Aplysia feeding network Open
Studying the nervous system underlying animal motor control can shed light on how animals can adapt flexibly to a changing environment. We focus on the neural basis of feeding control in Aplysia californica . Using the Synthetic Nervous Sy…
View article: Scaling of buccal mass growth and muscle activation determine the duration of feeding behaviors in the marine mollusc <i>Aplysia californica</i>
Scaling of buccal mass growth and muscle activation determine the duration of feeding behaviors in the marine mollusc <i>Aplysia californica</i> Open
The mechanical forces experienced during movement and the time constants of muscle activation are important determinants of the durations of behaviors, which may both be affected by size-dependent scaling. The mechanics of slow movements i…
View article: Phase shift between joint rotation and actuation reflects dominant forces and predicts muscle activation patterns
Phase shift between joint rotation and actuation reflects dominant forces and predicts muscle activation patterns Open
During behavior, the work done by actuators on the body can be resisted by the body's inertia, elastic forces, gravity, or viscosity. The dominant forces that resist actuation have major consequences on the control of that behavior. In the…
View article: Control of high-speed jumps: the rotation and energetics of the locust (Schistocerca gregaria)
Control of high-speed jumps: the rotation and energetics of the locust (Schistocerca gregaria) Open
Locusts ( Schistocerca gregaria ) jump using a latch mediated spring actuated system in the femur-tibia joint of their metathoracic legs. These jumps are exceptionally fast and display angular rotation immediately after take-off. In this s…
View article: Allometric inter-relationships between jaw musculature mass, skull size and body mass in <i>Psittaciformes</i>
Allometric inter-relationships between jaw musculature mass, skull size and body mass in <i>Psittaciformes</i> Open
Functional characteristics of the jaw apparatus, for example bite force, in vertebrates is a combination of the skeleton and the musculature. In birds, bite force has been measured directly or calculated using various methods including sum…
View article: PMON227 Rare ovarian luteinized fibrothecoma as cause of severe hyperandrogenism in a pre-menopausal woman.
PMON227 Rare ovarian luteinized fibrothecoma as cause of severe hyperandrogenism in a pre-menopausal woman. Open
Ovarian fibromas and fibrothecomas constitute up to 4.7% of ovarian sex cord stromal tumors (OSCSTs). Luteinized fibrothecomas (LFs) are a histological subvariant of OSCSTs. Typically benign and rare, LFs are mostly diagnosed in post-menop…
View article: Dual spring force couples yield multifunctionality and ultrafast, precision rotation in tiny biomechanical systems
Dual spring force couples yield multifunctionality and ultrafast, precision rotation in tiny biomechanical systems Open
Small organisms use propulsive springs rather than muscles to repeatedly actuate high acceleration movements, even when constrained to tiny displacements and limited by inertial forces. Through integration of a large kinematic dataset, mea…
View article: Inter‐relationships among body mass, jaw musculature and bite force in birds
Inter‐relationships among body mass, jaw musculature and bite force in birds Open
Bite force can provide an insight into the feeding biomechanics and ecology of vertebrates. There has been an increasing interest in bite force in birds with data being collected using force transducers although bite forces have also been …
View article: Correction: Adhesive latching and legless leaping in small, worm-like insect larvae
Correction: Adhesive latching and legless leaping in small, worm-like insect larvae Open
There were errors in J. Exp. Biol. (2019) 222, jeb201129 (doi:10.1242/jeb.201129).The rosette galls on Solidago bicolor were indeed induced by an undescribed species of the genus Asphondylia, as identified by Netta Dorchin (University of T…
View article: Enhanced Visualization of Production Systems Concepts and Simulation Data for the Smart/Digital Factory
Enhanced Visualization of Production Systems Concepts and Simulation Data for the Smart/Digital Factory Open
Aircraft maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) ensures the continuing airworthiness of aircraft or aircraft parts. Aircraft MRO is extremely costly: the U.S. Air Force spends most of its lifecycle costs to sustain, versus acquire, its ai…
View article: Digital Twin-Driven Process and Equipment FMECA Generation for Smart Manufacturing Applications
Digital Twin-Driven Process and Equipment FMECA Generation for Smart Manufacturing Applications Open
Qualtech Systems, Inc. (QSI)’s integrated tool set, consisting of TEAMS-Designer® and TEAMS-RDS® provides a comprehensive digital twin-driven and model-based systems engineering approach that can be deployed for fault management throughout…
View article: Gravity and active acceleration limit the ability of killer flies ( <i>Coenosia attenuata</i> ) to steer towards prey when attacking from above
Gravity and active acceleration limit the ability of killer flies ( <i>Coenosia attenuata</i> ) to steer towards prey when attacking from above Open
Insects that predate aerially usually contrast prey against the sky and attack upwards. However, killer flies (Coenosia attenuata) can attack prey flying below them, performing what we term ‘aerial dives'. During these dives, killer flies …
View article: Simple muscle-lever systems are not so simple: The need for dynamic analyses to predict lever mechanics that maximize speed
Simple muscle-lever systems are not so simple: The need for dynamic analyses to predict lever mechanics that maximize speed Open
Here we argue that quasi-static analyses are insufficient to predict the speed of an organism from its skeletal mechanics alone (i.e. lever arm mechanics). Using a musculoskeletal numerical model we specifically demonstrate that 1) a singl…
View article: Medium compensation in a spring-actuated system
Medium compensation in a spring-actuated system Open
Mantis shrimp strikes are one of the fastest animal movements, despite their occurrence in a water medium with viscous drag. Since the strike is produced by a latch-mediated spring-actuated system and not directly driven by muscle action, …
View article: An Integrated model-based Approach for FMECA Development for Smart Manufacturing Applications
An Integrated model-based Approach for FMECA Development for Smart Manufacturing Applications Open
Qualtech Systems, Inc. (QSI)’s integrated tool set, consisting of TEAMS-Designer® and TEAMS-RDS® provides a comprehensive model-based systems engineering approach that can be deployed for fault management throughout the equipment life-cycl…
View article: Why do Large Animals Never Actuate Their Jumps with Latch-Mediated Springs? Because They can Jump Higher Without Them
Why do Large Animals Never Actuate Their Jumps with Latch-Mediated Springs? Because They can Jump Higher Without Them Open
As animals get smaller, their ability to generate usable work from muscle contraction is decreased by the muscle’s force–velocity properties, thereby reducing their effective jump height. Very small animals use a spring-actuated system, wh…
View article: Adhesive latching and legless leaping in small, worm-like insect larvae
Adhesive latching and legless leaping in small, worm-like insect larvae Open
Jumping is often achieved using propulsive legs, yet legless leaping has evolved multiple times. We examined the kinematics, energetics and morphology of long-distance jumps produced by the legless larvae of gall midges (Asphondylia sp.). …
View article: The effect of size-scale on the kinematics of elastic energy release
The effect of size-scale on the kinematics of elastic energy release Open
The size-scaling of elastically-driven motion is determined using a material that efficiently cycles mechanical energy. The scaling is consistent with the performance of organisms and engineered devices which utilize elastic elements to po…
View article: The principles of cascading power limits in small, fast biological and engineered systems
The principles of cascading power limits in small, fast biological and engineered systems Open
Hop, skip, jump, or massive leap In biological and engineered systems, an inherent trade-off exists between the force and velocity that can be delivered by a muscle, spring, or combination of the two. However, one can amplify the maximum t…