Baicalein is a unique flavonoid compound with important pharmacological activities, derived from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Baicalein, as the aglycone of baicalin, is a key form for exerting pharmacological activity in vivo. β-glucuronidases (GUSs) are the enzymes involved in the conversion of baicalin to baicalein. In this study, the content of baicalein in S. baicalensis was significantly increased by 20.44% after treatment with 5% PEG6000. Seven GUSs from the glycoside hydrolase 79 family were identified t…

Bupleurum, a plant of the genus Bupleurum L. in the family Umbelliferae, is prevalent and extensively applied in traditional medicine systems across East and Southeast Asian countries for the treatment of colds, malaria, hepatitis and other diseases. In the current Chinese herbal medicine market, only the dried roots of two species, Bupleurum chinense DC. and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd., are authentic herbs, and their cultivars dominate as the commercial source, contributing to about 80% of the market share.…

Andrographis paniculata is renowned for its wide range of pharmaceutical properties, largely owing to the presence of bioactive diterpenoids. However, the mechanism of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) -induced diterpenoid biosynthesis in A. paniculata remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that the MeJA-induced accumulation of diterpenoids was attributed to the increased expression of genes involved in diterpenoid biosynthetic pathways. Transient overexpression and Y1H assays revealed that ApMYC2, ApbZIP46, and…

Introduction Root decomposition plays a critical role in nutrient cycling and carbon storage in grassland ecosystems, yet its global drivers remain poorly understood. Methods The study synthesized global data on root decomposition in grasslands to assess the relative importance of climate and litter quality, and to quantify the effects of environmental and biotic factors using a comprehensive meta-analysis. Results Results indicated that, at the global scale, litter quality exerted a stronger influence on root dec…

Coix seed is a good product for both medicinal and food use, which is highly susceptible to aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) contamination during field transport, storage, and processing. The aim of this study is to find microbial strains that can solve the problem of contamination of coix seed. In this study, the AFB 1 -degrading microorganism SX1-1 was isolated and identified as a Bacillus megaterium based on morphology, microscopy, and 16S rDNA sequencing. The optimum culture conditions for SX1-1 to degrade AFB 1 were de…