Gurvan Madec
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View article: Why Icebergs and their Interactions with Sea Ice Should Be Included in Earth System Models?
Why Icebergs and their Interactions with Sea Ice Should Be Included in Earth System Models? Open
Thirty-three researchers from France, Australia, Belgium, Canada, the UK, and Germany gathered in Paris for a two-day hybrid workshop (3–4 June 2025) to discuss iceberg–sea ice interactions and their representation in Earth system models. …
View article: An Energetically and Observationally Constrained Mesoscale Parameterization for Ocean Climate Models
An Energetically and Observationally Constrained Mesoscale Parameterization for Ocean Climate Models Open
An extension of the GEOMETRIC parameterization (Mak, Marshall, et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003223 ) for the mesoscale eddy transport is proposed and tested in a one‐degree resolution global ocean model. It consists in solvi…
View article: DINO: a diabatic model of pole-to-pole ocean dynamics to assess subgrid parameterizations across horizontal scales
DINO: a diabatic model of pole-to-pole ocean dynamics to assess subgrid parameterizations across horizontal scales Open
Climate models are limited in resolution by computational constraints. The ocean component is currently resolved at spatial scales between approximately 10 to 100 km, which is too coarse to adequately capture the mesoscale. Eddies at these…
View article: Benefits of a Landfast Ice Representation on Simulated Antarctic Sea Ice and Coastal Polynya Dynamics
Benefits of a Landfast Ice Representation on Simulated Antarctic Sea Ice and Coastal Polynya Dynamics Open
The Antarctic coastal marine region is a unique and highly complex environment, of which landfast ice and polynyas are key features, especially in the context of dense water formation. Current large‐scale ocean‐sea ice models used in clima…
View article: Deep Ocean Ventilation: A Comparison Between a General Circulation Model and Data‐Constrained Inverse Models
Deep Ocean Ventilation: A Comparison Between a General Circulation Model and Data‐Constrained Inverse Models Open
Ocean ventilation, or the transfer of tracers from the surface boundary layer into the ocean interior, is a critical process in biogeochemical cycles and the climate system. Here, we assess steady‐state ventilation patterns and timescales …
View article: Local Drivers of Antarctic Spring Sea Ice Retreat
Local Drivers of Antarctic Spring Sea Ice Retreat Open
Antarctic sea ice has changed significantly over the past four decades; yet limited understanding of fundamental processes, including its seasonal cycle, hinders our ability to interpret these changes. Here, we examine the processes determ…
View article: DINO: A Diabatic Model of Pole-to-Pole Ocean Dynamics to Assess Subgrid Parameterizations across Horizontal Scales
DINO: A Diabatic Model of Pole-to-Pole Ocean Dynamics to Assess Subgrid Parameterizations across Horizontal Scales Open
Climate models are limited in resolution by computational constraints. The ocean component is currently resolved at spatial scales between approximately 10 to 100 km, which is too coarse to adequately capture the mesoscale. Eddies at these…
View article: The response of the Southern Ocean to freshwater hosing in an equilibrated 1º NEMO configuration with realistic ventilation
The response of the Southern Ocean to freshwater hosing in an equilibrated 1º NEMO configuration with realistic ventilation Open
Under a warming climate ice sheets are releasing freshwater to the ocean and affecting the global ocean circulation. One important region where freshwater is released and impacts the global ocean is the Antarctic continental shelf, where A…
View article: Effects of improved tidal mixing in NEMO one-degree global ocean model
Effects of improved tidal mixing in NEMO one-degree global ocean model Open
International audience
View article: Thermodynamics Drive Post‐2016 Changes in the Antarctic Sea Ice Seasonal Cycle
Thermodynamics Drive Post‐2016 Changes in the Antarctic Sea Ice Seasonal Cycle Open
Antarctic sea ice extent has been persistently low since late 2016, possibly owing to changes in atmospheric and oceanic conditions. However, the relative contributions of the ocean, the atmosphere and the underlying mechanisms by which th…
View article: An ocean-only framework for correcting future CMIP oceanic projections from their present-day biases
An ocean-only framework for correcting future CMIP oceanic projections from their present-day biases Open
This paper proposes an ocean-only dynamical framework to mitigate the influence presentday biases of Earth System Models (ESMs) on future regional ocean physical and biogeochemical projections. Initially, a control experiment is conducted …
View article: Impacts of Vertical Convective Mixing Schemes and Freshwater Forcing on the 2016–2017 Maud Rise Polynya Openings in a Regional Ocean Simulation
Impacts of Vertical Convective Mixing Schemes and Freshwater Forcing on the 2016–2017 Maud Rise Polynya Openings in a Regional Ocean Simulation Open
The correct representation of the Maud Rise open‐ocean polynya in the Weddell Sea remains a challenge for ocean models. Here we reproduce the most recent polynya openings in 2016–2017 using a regional configuration, and assess their depend…
View article: Thermodynamics Drive Changes in the Antarctic Sea Ice Seasonal Cycle Following 2016
Thermodynamics Drive Changes in the Antarctic Sea Ice Seasonal Cycle Following 2016 Open
Antarctic sea ice extent has been persistently low since late 2016, possibly owing to changes in atmospheric and oceanic conditions. However, the relative contributions of the ocean, the atmosphere and the underlying mechanisms by which th…
View article: Benefits of the Brinkman Volume Penalisation Method for the Ice-Shelf Melt Rates Produced by Z-coordinate Ocean Models
Benefits of the Brinkman Volume Penalisation Method for the Ice-Shelf Melt Rates Produced by Z-coordinate Ocean Models Open
Antarctic ice-shelf basal melting is a major source of uncertainty in sea level rise projections. A persistent challenge in simulating the ice-shelf-ocean interactions in z-coordinate ocean models is the introduction of artificial steps, l…
View article: Drivers of Antarctic sea ice advance
Drivers of Antarctic sea ice advance Open
Antarctic sea ice is mostly seasonal. While changes in sea ice seasonality have been observed in recent decades, the lack of process understanding remains a key challenge to interpret these changes. To address this knowledge gap, we invest…
View article: Variability and Remote Controls of the Warm‐Water Halo and Taylor Cap at Maud Rise
Variability and Remote Controls of the Warm‐Water Halo and Taylor Cap at Maud Rise Open
The region of Maud Rise, a seamount in the Weddell Sea, is known for the occurrence of irregular polynya openings during the winter months. Hydrographic observations have shown the presence of a warmer water mass below the mixed layer alon…
View article: Southern ocean carbon and heat impact on climate
Southern ocean carbon and heat impact on climate Open
The Southern Ocean greatly contributes to the regulation of the global climate by controlling important heat and carbon exchanges between the atmosphere and the ocean. Rates of climate change on decadal timescales are therefore impacted by…
View article: Sliding or Stumbling on the Staircase: Numerics of Ocean Circulation Along Piecewise‐Constant Coastlines
Sliding or Stumbling on the Staircase: Numerics of Ocean Circulation Along Piecewise‐Constant Coastlines Open
Coastlines in most ocean general circulation models are piecewise constant. Accurate representation of boundary currents along staircase‐like coastlines is a long‐standing issue in ocean modeling. Pioneering work by Adcroft and Marshall (1…
View article: The Influence of Surface Buoyancy Flux and Ekman transport on Upper Ocean Pycnocline Stratification in the Southern Ocean.
The Influence of Surface Buoyancy Flux and Ekman transport on Upper Ocean Pycnocline Stratification in the Southern Ocean. Open
In this study, we examine the factors that influence upper ocean pycnocline (UOP) stratification in the Southern Ocean. The UOP is a layer located just below the mixed layer and its stratification controls the rates of exchange of heat, ca…
View article: Understanding recent changes in Antarctic sea ice seasonality
Understanding recent changes in Antarctic sea ice seasonality Open
Changes in the timing of Antarctic sea ice retreat and advance have been analyzed over 1979-2012, based on satellite sea ice concentration retrievals. The Ross Sea showed large trends towards earlier sea ice advance and later retreat where…
View article: Effects of improved tidal mixing in NEMO one-degree global ocean model
Effects of improved tidal mixing in NEMO one-degree global ocean model Open
Internal tides power much of the observed small-scale turbulence in the ocean interior. However, few models include a comprehensive and energy-constrained parameterization of mixing by internal tides. Here we present the impacts of three d…
View article: Light Under Arctic Sea Ice in Observations and Earth System Models
Light Under Arctic Sea Ice in Observations and Earth System Models Open
The intensity and spectrum of light under Arctic sea ice, key to the energy budget and primary productivity of the Arctic Ocean, are tedious to observe. Earth System Models (ESMs) are instrumental in understanding the large‐scale propertie…
View article: Summer Hydrography and Circulation in Storfjorden, Svalbard, Following a Record Low Winter Sea‐Ice Extent in the Barents Sea
Summer Hydrography and Circulation in Storfjorden, Svalbard, Following a Record Low Winter Sea‐Ice Extent in the Barents Sea Open
Storfjorden, Svalbard, hosts a polynya in winter and is an important source region of Brine‐enriched Shelf Water (BSW) that, if dense enough, feeds the Arctic Ocean deep water reservoir. Changes in the BSW production may thus have far‐reac…
View article: Drivers of Antarctic sea ice advance
Drivers of Antarctic sea ice advance Open
Antarctic sea ice is mostly seasonal. While important changes in the sea ice seasonal cycle have been observed in the past decades, the lack of process understanding remains a key challenge to interpret these changes. Here, we address this…
View article: Sliding or stumbling on the staircase: numerics of ocean circulation along piecewise-constant coastlines
Sliding or stumbling on the staircase: numerics of ocean circulation along piecewise-constant coastlines Open
Coastlines in most ocean general circulation models are piecewise constant. Accurate representation of boundary currents along staircase-like coastlines is a long-standing issue in ocean modelling. Pioneering work by Adcroft and Marshall (…
View article: Source Data for 'Drivers of Antarctic sea ice advance'
Source Data for 'Drivers of Antarctic sea ice advance' Open
The ‘Source Data’ file contains the netCDF files corresponding to each of the four figures included in this article. Variables and masks used for each figure are included within the corresponding netCDF file. All variables and masks are na…
View article: Unique thermal expansion properties of water key to the formation of sea ice on Earth
Unique thermal expansion properties of water key to the formation of sea ice on Earth Open
The formation of sea ice in polar regions is possible because a salinity gradient or halocline keeps the water column stable despite intense cooling. Here, we demonstrate that a unique water property is central to the maintenance of the po…