H. E. Markus Meier
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View article: Impact of coastal currents and eddies on particle dispersion in the Baltic Sea: a Lagrangian approach to marine ecosystems
Impact of coastal currents and eddies on particle dispersion in the Baltic Sea: a Lagrangian approach to marine ecosystems Open
This study analyzes the dynamics of coastal currents and eddies in the Baltic Sea, focusing on their role in particle dispersion and ecosystem connectivity. Combining the General Estuarine Transport Model (GETM) and Lagrangian methods, it …
View article: The massive 2016 marine heatwave in the Southwest Pacific: An “El Niño–Madden-Julian Oscillation” compound event
The massive 2016 marine heatwave in the Southwest Pacific: An “El Niño–Madden-Julian Oscillation” compound event Open
El Niño typically induces cooling in the Southwest Pacific Ocean during austral summers, usually leading to decreased marine heatwave frequency and severity. However, the 2016 extreme El Niño unexpectedly coincided with the longe…
View article: Strong winter-time deep-water formation during the Little Ice Age in subarctic semi-enclosed formerly glaciated marginal seas (Baltic Sea and Eastern Canadian coastal waters) 
Strong winter-time deep-water formation during the Little Ice Age in subarctic semi-enclosed formerly glaciated marginal seas (Baltic Sea and Eastern Canadian coastal waters)  Open
New hydroacoustic measurements combined with old data reveal the widespread occurrence of contourite drift deposits - indicative of persistent strong bottom currents -  at rather great water depths in the northern Baltic Sea and  …
View article: Atlantic multidecadal variability control on European sea surface temperatures is mainly externally forced
Atlantic multidecadal variability control on European sea surface temperatures is mainly externally forced Open
The semi-enclosed European seas (Baltic Sea, North Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and Black Sea) have been among the fastest warming seas worldwide during the last decades. Projections of future temperature trends can provide essential informatio…
View article: Natural variability masks climate change sea surface temperature signals: a comparison between the Baltic Sea, North Sea and North Atlantic Ocean
Natural variability masks climate change sea surface temperature signals: a comparison between the Baltic Sea, North Sea and North Atlantic Ocean Open
Climate variability in marine environments, particularly sea surface temperature (SST), is influenced by natural fluctuations occurring at various temporal and spatial scales. Distinguishing between anthropogenic climate change trends and …
View article: Patterns of current-induced transport in the surface layer of the Gulf of Finland
Patterns of current-induced transport in the surface layer of the Gulf of Finland Open
The Lagrangian trajectory model TRACMASS based on an Eulerian field of velocities (calculated using the Rossby Centre Ocean Model), combined with relevant statistical analysis, is used for the iden ...
View article: The development of the regional coupled ocean-atmosphere model RCAO
The development of the regional coupled ocean-atmosphere model RCAO Open
A regional coupled ocean-atmosphere-ice general circulation model for northern Europe is introduced for climate study purposes. The Baltic Sea is interactively coupled. The coupled model is validated in a 5-year hind-cast experiment with a…
View article: Warm saltwater inflows strengthen oxygen depletion in the western Baltic Sea
Warm saltwater inflows strengthen oxygen depletion in the western Baltic Sea Open
Hypoxia is a major environmental threat for coastal seas, including the strongly-stratified Baltic Sea in northern Europe. There, a pronounced increase in nutrient loads since the 1950s led to the development of one of the largest hypoxic …
View article: Sea Level Rise in Europe: Observations and projections
Sea Level Rise in Europe: Observations and projections Open
Sea level rise (SLR) is a major concern for Europe, where 30 million people live in the historical 1-in-100-year event flood coastal plains. The latest IPCC assessment reports provide a literature review on past and projected SLR, and thei…
View article: The massive 2016 marine heatwave in the Southwest Pacific: An “El Niño–Madden-Julian Oscillation” compound event
The massive 2016 marine heatwave in the Southwest Pacific: An “El Niño–Madden-Julian Oscillation” compound event Open
El Niño typically induces cooling in the Southwest Pacific Ocean during austral summers, usually leading to decreased marine heatwave frequency and severity. However, the 2016 extreme El Niño unexpectedly coincided with the longest and mos…
View article: Future climate change and marine heatwaves - Projected impact on key habitats for herring reproduction
Future climate change and marine heatwaves - Projected impact on key habitats for herring reproduction Open
This study explores the impact of global climate targets on sea surface temperatures and marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the Baltic Sea. We further evaluate potential adverse climate effects on the reproductive success of the western Baltic Sea…
View article: Predicting key ectotherm population mortality in response to dynamic marine heatwaves: A Bayesian‐enhanced thermal tolerance landscape approach
Predicting key ectotherm population mortality in response to dynamic marine heatwaves: A Bayesian‐enhanced thermal tolerance landscape approach Open
As climate change intensifies heatwaves, quantifying associated mortality within ectothermic populations is crucial for effective conservation. Thermal tolerance landscape (TTL) models are useful predictive tools that assume exponentially …
View article: A climate vulnerability assessment of the fish community in the Western Baltic Sea
A climate vulnerability assessment of the fish community in the Western Baltic Sea Open
Marine fisheries are increasingly impacted by climate change, affecting species distribution and productivity, and necessitating urgent adaptation efforts. Climate vulnerability assessments (CVA), integrating expert knowledge, are vital fo…
View article: Investigating the influence of sub-mesoscale current structures on Baltic Sea connectivity through a Lagrangian analysis
Investigating the influence of sub-mesoscale current structures on Baltic Sea connectivity through a Lagrangian analysis Open
This study explores the impact of sub-mesoscale structures and vertical advection on the connectivity properties of the Baltic Sea using a Lagrangian approach. High-resolution flow fields from the General Estuarine Transport Model (GETM) w…
View article: Increased nutrient retention and cyanobacterial blooms in a future coastal zone
Increased nutrient retention and cyanobacterial blooms in a future coastal zone Open
Climate change and coastal management directly affect the magnitude of nutrient loads and the functioning of the coastal zones. In this novel approach, a coastal-zone-model was used to study future retention capacity of nitrogen and phosph…
View article: Warm saltwater inflows strengthen oxygen depletion in the western Baltic Sea
Warm saltwater inflows strengthen oxygen depletion in the western Baltic Sea Open
The Baltic Sea is one of the coastal seas worldwide that suffer most strongly from hypoxia. With its pronounced haline stratification, the Baltic Sea is naturally prone to oxygen deficiency, but the strong growth of hypoxic and anoxic regi…
View article: The impact of Atlantic Multidecadal Variability on Baltic Sea temperatures limited to winter
The impact of Atlantic Multidecadal Variability on Baltic Sea temperatures limited to winter Open
We analyze multidecadal temperature fluctuations of the Atlantic Ocean and their influence on Northern Europe, focusing on the Baltic Sea, without a priori assuming a linear relationship of this teleconnection. Instead, we use the method o…
View article: Oxygen dynamics in the Baltic Sea under reduced nutrient input
Oxygen dynamics in the Baltic Sea under reduced nutrient input Open
The Baltic Sea is a semi-enclosed sea located in the Northern Europe. Due to the limited exchange with the Global Ocean, which leads to the long residence time (approx. 30 years), and permanent halocline, the Baltic Sea is naturally prone …
View article: Comment on sp-2023-36
Comment on sp-2023-36 Open
Abstract. Sea level rise (SLR) is a major concern for Europe, where 30 million people live in the historical 1-in-100-year event flood coastal plains. The latest IPCC assessment reports provide a literature review on past and projected SLR…
View article: Comment on sp-2023-34
Comment on sp-2023-34 Open
Abstract. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) plays a pivotal role in delivering information and knowledge on sea level rise (SLR), a global threat impacting coastlines worldwide. However, considerable disparities still pe…
View article: Flux coupling approach on an exchange grid for the IOW Earth System Model (version 1.04.00) of the Baltic Sea region
Flux coupling approach on an exchange grid for the IOW Earth System Model (version 1.04.00) of the Baltic Sea region Open
In this article the development of a high-resolution Earth System Model (ESM) for the Baltic Sea region is described. In contrast to conventional coupling approaches, the presented model features an additional (technical) component, the fl…
View article: Comment on sp-2023-36
Comment on sp-2023-36 Open
Abstract. Sea level rise (SLR) is a major concern for Europe, where 30 million people live in the historical 1-in-100-year event flood coastal plains. The latest IPCC assessment reports provide a literature review on past and projected SLR…
View article: A Bayesian overhaul of thermal tolerance landscape models: Predicting ectotherm lethality buildup and survival amid heatwaves
A Bayesian overhaul of thermal tolerance landscape models: Predicting ectotherm lethality buildup and survival amid heatwaves Open
1. In the face of escalating heatwaves, accurately forecasting ectotherm population mortality is a pressing ecological challenge. Current Thermal Tolerance Landscape (TTL) models, while surpassing single-threshold metrics by incorporating …
View article: Drivers of marine heatwaves in a stratified marginal sea
Drivers of marine heatwaves in a stratified marginal sea Open
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) can cause devastating impacts in coastal marine ecosystems, particularly in shallow marginal seas, thereby making the understanding of the drivers of these events of paramount importance. Here, drivers for summer an…
View article: Giant saltwater inflow in AD 1951 triggered Baltic Sea hypoxia
Giant saltwater inflow in AD 1951 triggered Baltic Sea hypoxia Open
A marked sedimentological change in subsurface sediments from the entire Baltic Proper, the Baltic Sea, has been previously noted. Our detailed work on a variety of multi‐cores from basin‐wide transects indicates that this sedimentological…