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View article: Properties of large-amplitude kilometer-scale field-aligned currents at auroral latitudes, as derived from Swarm satellites
Properties of large-amplitude kilometer-scale field-aligned currents at auroral latitudes, as derived from Swarm satellites Open
High-resolution magnetic field recordings by the Swarm A and C spacecraft have been used to investigate the properties of field-aligned currents (FACs) at auroral latitudes down to their smallest scales (10 s) and are distributed over larg…
View article: Small-scale and mesoscale field-aligned auroral current structures: their spatial and temporal characteristics deduced by the Swarm constellation
Small-scale and mesoscale field-aligned auroral current structures: their spatial and temporal characteristics deduced by the Swarm constellation Open
Magnetic field recordings by the Swarm A and C spacecraft during the counter-rotating orbit phase are used for checking the stationarity of auroral region small-scale and mesoscale field-aligned currents (FACs). The varying separations bet…
View article: Properties of large-amplitude kilometer-scale field-aligned currents at auroral latitudes, as derived from Swarm satellites
Properties of large-amplitude kilometer-scale field-aligned currents at auroral latitudes, as derived from Swarm satellites Open
High-resolution magnetic field recordings by the Swarm A and C spacecraft have been used to investigate the properties of field-aligned currents (FACs) at auroral latitudes down to their smallest scales (10 s) and are distributed over larg…
View article: Extreme two-phase change of the ionospheric electron temperature overshoot during geomagnetic storms uncovered by neural networks
Extreme two-phase change of the ionospheric electron temperature overshoot during geomagnetic storms uncovered by neural networks Open
An intense surge in equatorial electron temperature (Te) at sunrise, known as the morning Te overshoot, has been one of the most widely studied ionospheric features since its discovery in the early Space Age. Despite extensive research, it…
View article: Trends in Field-Aligned Currents from the Polar Regions to the Ring Current Region: 10 Years of Observations from Swarm and MMS
Trends in Field-Aligned Currents from the Polar Regions to the Ring Current Region: 10 Years of Observations from Swarm and MMS Open
Using data from the Swarm and Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) missions collected between September 1, 2015, and May 1, 2024, we present a direct comparison of field-aligned currents (FACs) from the ring current (RC) region and polar region…
View article: Local Time and Hemispheric Asymmetries of Field-aligned Currents and Polar Electrojet During May 2024 Superstorm Periods
Local Time and Hemispheric Asymmetries of Field-aligned Currents and Polar Electrojet During May 2024 Superstorm Periods Open
This study examines field-aligned currents (FACs) and polar electrojet (PEJ) characteristics during the extreme May 2024 geomagnetic storms across dawn, dusk, daytime, and nighttime in both hemispheres. FAC and PEJ intensities were up to 9…
View article: Extreme two-phase change of ionospheric electron temperature overshoot during geomagnetic storms
Extreme two-phase change of ionospheric electron temperature overshoot during geomagnetic storms Open
An intense surge in the equatorial electron temperature (T e ) at sunrise, known as the morning T e overshoot, has been one of the defining ionospheric features since its discovery early in the Space Age. Despite decades of study, the beha…
View article: Comprehensive analysis of noise in Macau Science Satellite-1 vector magnetometer data
Comprehensive analysis of noise in Macau Science Satellite-1 vector magnetometer data Open
The Macau Science Satellite-1 (known as MSS-1) is the first scientific exploration satellite that was designed to measure the Earth’s low latitude magnetic field at high resolution and with high precision by collecting data in a near-equat…
View article: Small- and meso-scale field-aligned auroral current structures, their spatial and temporal characteristics deduced by Swarm constellation
Small- and meso-scale field-aligned auroral current structures, their spatial and temporal characteristics deduced by Swarm constellation Open
Magnetic field recordings by the Swarm A and C spacecraft during the Counter Rotation Orbit phase are used for checking the stationarity of auroral region small-and meso-scale field-aligned currents (FAC). The varying separation between th…
View article: Calibration of Swarm Plasma Densities Overestimation Using Neural Networks
Calibration of Swarm Plasma Densities Overestimation Using Neural Networks Open
Recent studies have shown that the measurements of Langmuir Probes (LPs) onboard ESA's Swarm mission overestimate ion densities on the nightside by up to 50%. The overestimation is due to the assumption of oxygen‐only plasma for ion densit…
View article: Horizontal Scales of Small‐ and Meso‐Scale Field‐Aligned Current Structures at Middle and Low Latitudes
Horizontal Scales of Small‐ and Meso‐Scale Field‐Aligned Current Structures at Middle and Low Latitudes Open
By utilizing the close orbital separation between Swarm A and C during the Counter Rotation Orbit phase, we check the agreement and stationarity between the FAC‐associated magnetic signatures at the two spacecraft through cross‐correlation…
View article: Machine Learning Based Modeling of Thermospheric Mass Density
Machine Learning Based Modeling of Thermospheric Mass Density Open
In this study, we propose a machine learning based approach to construct an empirical model of thermospheric mass densities, based on the MultiLayer Perceptron and bi‐directional Long Short‐Term Memory for ensemble learning model (MBiLE). …
View article: Neural network-based calibration of Swarm Langmuir Probe ion densities
Neural network-based calibration of Swarm Langmuir Probe ion densities Open
    The European Space Agency's Swarm constellation consists of three spacecraft (A, B, and C). Each of the satellites is equipped with a Langmuir probe (LP), which measures ion densities and temperatures. The LP processing assum…
View article: Interplanetary Magnetic Field <i>B</i><sub><i>y</i></sub> Effects on the Strength and Latitude of Field‐Aligned Currents in Different Magnetic Local Time Sectors
Interplanetary Magnetic Field <i>B</i><sub><i>y</i></sub> Effects on the Strength and Latitude of Field‐Aligned Currents in Different Magnetic Local Time Sectors Open
In this work, IMF B y effects on field‐aligned currents (FACs) are examined in different local time sectors, seasons, and hemispheres. At dusk and 09–14 MLT, when the eastward polar electrojet (PEJ) prevails, the northern FACp (poleward si…
View article: Local Time Variations of Ionospheric F Layer Radial Current in Response to Enhanced Solar Wind Input
Local Time Variations of Ionospheric F Layer Radial Current in Response to Enhanced Solar Wind Input Open
Using Challenging Minisatellite Payload and the Republic of China Satellite‐1 observations, the response of ionospheric radial current (IRC) in the F region to the enhancement of merging electric field ( E m ) at different magnetic local t…
View article: Distinguishing Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron (EMIC) Waves From Other Pc1 Signatures in Satellite Recordings by Means of the Swarm Satellite Constellation
Distinguishing Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron (EMIC) Waves From Other Pc1 Signatures in Satellite Recordings by Means of the Swarm Satellite Constellation Open
In this study we make use of the closely spaced Swarm A and C spacecraft to determine the main wave parameters of micro‐pulsation in the Pc1 range. Generally, the interpretation of wave events in satellite recordings suffers from the spati…
View article: Magnetic Longitudinal and Local Time Variations of Polar Electrojet and Field‐Aligned Currents
Magnetic Longitudinal and Local Time Variations of Polar Electrojet and Field‐Aligned Currents Open
In this work, prominent longitudinal variation of polar electrojet (PEJ) and field‐aligned currents (FACs) are reported for the first time in different local times and hemispheres. Larger longitudinal differences exist mostly in the south …
View article: Influence of the Polar Electrojet on Field‐Aligned Current Estimates From Single Satellite Magnetic Field Measurements
Influence of the Polar Electrojet on Field‐Aligned Current Estimates From Single Satellite Magnetic Field Measurements Open
The high‐resolution magnetic field measurements from European Space Agency's (ESA’s) Swarm satellite constellation provide a good opportunity for revisiting the mean properties of ionospheric currents. Among the Swarm Level‐2 data products…
View article: Average Ionospheric Mid‐ and Low‐Latitude Currents From E‐ and F‐Region Altitudes, Derived by the Swarm Constellation
Average Ionospheric Mid‐ and Low‐Latitude Currents From E‐ and F‐Region Altitudes, Derived by the Swarm Constellation Open
By utilizing magnetic field measurements from the Swarm constellation during the years 2014–2019, average characteristics of the height‐integrated ionospheric zonal and meridional currents at middle and low latitudes are investigated. We p…
View article: Neural network model of Electron density in the Topside ionosphere (NET)
Neural network model of Electron density in the Topside ionosphere (NET) Open
The ionosphere is an ionized part of the upper atmosphere, where the number of electrons in is large enough to affect the propagation of electromagnetic signals, including those of the GNSS systems. Therefore, knowing electron density valu…
View article: A novel neural network model of Earth’s topside ionosphere
A novel neural network model of Earth’s topside ionosphere Open
The Earth’s ionosphere affects the propagation of signals from the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Due to the non-uniform coverage of available observations and complicated dynamics of the region, developing accurate models of …
View article: Field-aligned scale length of depleted structures associated with post-sunset equatorial plasma bubbles
Field-aligned scale length of depleted structures associated with post-sunset equatorial plasma bubbles Open
In this study we make use of the Swarm counter-rotation constellation for estimating the typical scale length of the post-sunset equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) along fluxtubes. The close approaches between Swarm spacecraft near the equat…
View article: Neural network model of Electron density in the Topside ionosphere (NET)
Neural network model of Electron density in the Topside ionosphere (NET) Open
<p>The ionosphere is an ionized part of the upper atmosphere, where the number of electrons in is large enough to affect the propagation of electromagnetic signals, including those of the GNSS systems. Therefore, knowing electron den…
View article: Improved Field‐Aligned Current and Radial Current Estimates at Low and Middle Latitudes Deduced by the Swarm Dual‐Spacecraft
Improved Field‐Aligned Current and Radial Current Estimates at Low and Middle Latitudes Deduced by the Swarm Dual‐Spacecraft Open
Ionospheric currents have widely been investigated by using magnetic measurements from low‐Earth orbiting satellites. However, the assumptions of deriving currents from the magnetic measurements have not always been well considered. In thi…
View article: Solar Flux Influence on the In‐Situ Plasma Density at Topside Ionosphere Measured by Swarm Satellites
Solar Flux Influence on the In‐Situ Plasma Density at Topside Ionosphere Measured by Swarm Satellites Open
In this study, we perform the first comprehensive comparison of ion density (Ni) in the topside ionosphere measured by the Langmuir probe (LP) and faceplate (FP) of the thermal ion imager on board Swarm satellites. Our results show a syste…
View article: Initial Response of Nightside Auroral Currents to a Sudden Commencement: Observations of Electrojet and Substorm Onset
Initial Response of Nightside Auroral Currents to a Sudden Commencement: Observations of Electrojet and Substorm Onset Open
Storm sudden commencements (SSC) often precede geomagnetic storms. Commonly, it takes some hours from the step‐like change that marks the SSC to the start of the magnetic storm activity. In a subset of cases, however, auroral activity star…
View article: Magnetic Local Time and Latitude Distribution of Ionospheric Large‐Spatial‐Scale EMIC Wave Events: Swarm Observations
Magnetic Local Time and Latitude Distribution of Ionospheric Large‐Spatial‐Scale EMIC Wave Events: Swarm Observations Open
In the present work, the magnetic local time and latitude (MLT and MLat) distributions of ionospheric large‐spatial‐scale (>20° MLat) electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves were investigated using high‐resolution 50‐Hz geomagnetic field data …
View article: Editorial: Coupling Processes in Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres
Editorial: Coupling Processes in Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres Open
EDITORIAL article Front. Astron. Space Sci., 23 February 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2022.857766