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View article: Evolution of electron and ion phase space densities in the Earth's magnetosphere during a prolonged northward-IMF period: Effects of the K-H instability on the plasma mixing and transport.
Evolution of electron and ion phase space densities in the Earth's magnetosphere during a prolonged northward-IMF period: Effects of the K-H instability on the plasma mixing and transport. Open
Comparing phase space densities (PSDs) observed by Cluster II, GEOTAIL, and LANL-MPA spacecraft during a northward IMF (interplanetary magnetic field) interval on March 16, 2002 as well as PSDs obtained from the full particle simulation of…
View article: Observation of the Large‐Amplitude andFast‐Damped Plasma Sheet FlappingTriggered by Reconnection‐InducedBallooning Instability
Observation of the Large‐Amplitude andFast‐Damped Plasma Sheet FlappingTriggered by Reconnection‐InducedBallooning Instability Open
 In this study, we reported the large‐amplitude and fast‐damped flapping of the plasma sheet,which co‐occurred with magnetic reconnection. Data from the Double Star TC‐1 and Cluster satelliteswere used to analy…
View article: Impact of the Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure on the Field‐Aligned Currents in the Magnetotail: Cluster Observation
Impact of the Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure on the Field‐Aligned Currents in the Magnetotail: Cluster Observation Open
We statistically investigate the influence of the solar wind dynamic pressure (SW P dyn ) on the field‐aligned currents (FACs) in the magnetotail with 1,492 FAC cases from July to October in 2001 and 2004, which covers 74 Cluster crossings…
View article: Turning Instrument Background Into Science Data for Structural Features of Radiation Belts
Turning Instrument Background Into Science Data for Structural Features of Radiation Belts Open
Approaches regarding how to turn the instrument background counts into scientifically valuable data are presented in this Technical Report on Methods. The background counts due to penetrating energetic particles of radiation belts detected…
View article: Observation of the Large‐Amplitude and Fast‐Damped Plasma Sheet Flapping Triggered by Reconnection‐Induced Ballooning Instability
Observation of the Large‐Amplitude and Fast‐Damped Plasma Sheet Flapping Triggered by Reconnection‐Induced Ballooning Instability Open
In this study, we reported the large‐amplitude and fast‐damped flapping of the plasma sheet, which co‐occurred with magnetic reconnection. Data from the Double Star TC‐1 and Cluster satellites were used to analyze the features of the plasm…
View article: Conjunction Observations of Energetic Oxygen Ions O <sup>+</sup> Accumulated in the Sequential Flux Ropes in the High‐Altitude Cusp
Conjunction Observations of Energetic Oxygen Ions O <sup>+</sup> Accumulated in the Sequential Flux Ropes in the High‐Altitude Cusp Open
Conjunction observations of the magnetic field and plasma by Cluster and TC‐1 at the dayside magnetosphere are presented to investigate the sequential flux ropes transferred from the low latitude boundary layer to the high‐altitude cusp on…
View article: Elemental and molecular abundances in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Elemental and molecular abundances in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko Open
Comets are considered to be some of the most pristine and unprocessed Solar system objects accessible to in situ exploration. Investigating their molecular and elemental composition takes us on a journey back to the early period of our Sol…
View article: Two years with comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko: H<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, and CO as seen by the ROSINA/RTOF instrument of Rosetta
Two years with comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko: H<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, and CO as seen by the ROSINA/RTOF instrument of Rosetta Open
Context. The ESA Rosetta mission investigated the environment of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (hereafter 67P) from August 2014 to September 2016. One of the experiments on board the spacecraft, the Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion a…
View article: The current sheet flapping motions induced by non-adiabatic ions: case study
The current sheet flapping motions induced by non-adiabatic ions: case study Open
In this paper, we analyzed the y-component of magnetic field line curvature in the plasma sheet and found that there are two kinds of shear structures of the flapping current sheet, i.e. symmetric and antisymmetric. The alternating bending…
View article: Influence of the IMF Cone Angle on Invariant Latitudes of Polar Region Footprints of FACs in the Magnetotail: Cluster Observation
Influence of the IMF Cone Angle on Invariant Latitudes of Polar Region Footprints of FACs in the Magnetotail: Cluster Observation Open
The influence of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) cone angle θ (the angle between the IMF direction and the Sun‐Earth line) on the invariant latitudes of the footprints of the field‐aligned currents (FACs) in the magnetotail has bee…
View article: Oxygen Ions O<sup>+</sup> Energized by Kinetic Alfvén Eigenmode During Dipolarizations of Intense Substorms
Oxygen Ions O<sup>+</sup> Energized by Kinetic Alfvén Eigenmode During Dipolarizations of Intense Substorms Open
Singly charged oxygen ions, O + , energized by kinetic Alfvén wave eigenmode (KAWE) in the plasma sheet boundary layer during dipolarizations of two intense substorms, 10:07 UT on 31 August 2004 and 18:24 UT on 14 September 2004, are inves…
View article: Radiogenic heating of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and implications for its formation time
Radiogenic heating of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and implications for its formation time Open
International audience
View article: Halogens as tracers of protosolar nebula material in comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
Halogens as tracers of protosolar nebula material in comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko Open
We report the first in situ detection of halogens in a cometary coma, that of 67P/Churyumov- Gerasimenko. Neutral gas mass spectra collected by the European Space Agency's Rosetta spacecraft during four periods of interest from the first c…
View article: Evidence for distributed gas sources of hydrogen halides in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
Evidence for distributed gas sources of hydrogen halides in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko Open
International audience
View article: Xenon isotopes in 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko show that comets contributed to Earth's atmosphere
Xenon isotopes in 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko show that comets contributed to Earth's atmosphere Open
Comets contributed to Earth's atmosphere Models of xenon's origin in Earth's atmosphere require an additional, unknown source that has been a mystery for several decades. Marty et al. measured isotopic ratios of xenon released from comet 6…
View article: Change of outgassing pattern of 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko during the March 2016 equinox as seen by ROSINA
Change of outgassing pattern of 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko during the March 2016 equinox as seen by ROSINA Open
International audience
View article: Impact of Radiogenic Heating on the Formation Conditions of Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
Impact of Radiogenic Heating on the Formation Conditions of Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko Open
Because of the high fraction of refractory material present in comets, the heat produced by the radiogenic decay of elements such as aluminum and iron can be high enough to induce the loss of ultravolatile species such as nitrogen, argon, …
View article: The heterogeneous coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as seen by ROSINA: H<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, and CO from September 2014 to February 2016
The heterogeneous coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as seen by ROSINA: H<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, and CO from September 2014 to February 2016 Open
Context. The ESA Rosetta mission has been investigating the environment of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) since August 2014. Among the experiments on board the spacecraft, the ROSINA experiment (Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion …
View article: Ion chemistry in the coma of comet 67P near perihelion
Ion chemistry in the coma of comet 67P near perihelion Open
The coma and the comet–solar wind interaction of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko changed dramatically from the initial Rosetta spacecraft encounter in 2014 August through perihelion in 2015 August. Just before equinox (at 1.6 au from the S…
View article: Temporal evolutions of the solar wind conditions at 1 AU prior to the near‐Earth X lines in the tail: Superposed epoch analysis
Temporal evolutions of the solar wind conditions at 1 AU prior to the near‐Earth X lines in the tail: Superposed epoch analysis Open
Utilizing conjunction observations of the Geotail and ACE satellites from 1998 to 2005, we investigated the temporal evolutions of the solar wind conditions prior to the formation of X lines in the near‐Earth magnetotail. We first show the…
View article: TRANSPORT OF SOLAR WIND H<sup>+</sup> AND He<sup>++</sup> IONS ACROSS EARTH’S BOW SHOCK
TRANSPORT OF SOLAR WIND H<sup>+</sup> AND He<sup>++</sup> IONS ACROSS EARTH’S BOW SHOCK Open
We have investigated the dependence of mass, energy, and charge of solar wind (SW) transport across Earth’s bow shock. An examination of 111 crossings during quiet SW in both quasi-perpendicular and quasi-parallel shock regions shows that …
View article: Propagation of small size magnetic holes in the magnetospheric plasma sheet
Propagation of small size magnetic holes in the magnetospheric plasma sheet Open
Magnetic holes (MHs), characteristic structures where the magnetic field magnitude decreases significantly, have been frequently observed in space plasmas. Particularly, small size magnetic holes (SSMHs) which the scale is less than or clo…
View article: Prebiotic chemicals—amino acid and phosphorus—in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Prebiotic chemicals—amino acid and phosphorus—in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko Open
The detection of glycine and phosphorus in the coma of 67P shows that comets contain all ingredients to help spark life on Earth.
View article: Solar wind sputtering of dust on the surface of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Solar wind sputtering of dust on the surface of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko Open
\n Aims. Far away from the Sun, at around 3 AU, the activity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is low and changes with local time (solar insolation), with location (chemical heterogeneity of the surface), and with season. When the activit…
View article: A statistical study of plasmaspheric plumes and ionospheric outflows observed at the dayside magnetopause
A statistical study of plasmaspheric plumes and ionospheric outflows observed at the dayside magnetopause Open
We present a statistical study of plasmaspheric plumes and ionospheric outflows observed by the Cluster spacecraft near the dayside magnetopause. Plasmaspheric plumes are identified when the low‐energy ions (<1 keV) with ∼90° pitch angle d…
View article: Relating field-aligned beams to inverted-V structures and visible auroras
Relating field-aligned beams to inverted-V structures and visible auroras Open
The ion composition experiment on Cluster measures 3-D distributions in one spin of the spacecraft (4 s). These distributions often measure field-aligned ion beams (H+, He+ and O+) accelerated out of the ionosphere. The standard model of t…
View article: Comparison of 3D kinetic and hydrodynamic models to ROSINA-COPS measurements of the neutral coma of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Comparison of 3D kinetic and hydrodynamic models to ROSINA-COPS measurements of the neutral coma of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko Open
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) is a Jupiter-family comet and the object of investigation of the European Space Agency mission Rosetta. This report presents the first full 3D simulation results of 67P’s neutral gas coma. In this study we i…